книга / MasterPass _ Pharmacology in 7 Days for Medical Students

PHARMACOLOGY IN 7 DAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

eOthers

•Bupropion

•Trazodone

5 Miscellaneous

• Alprazolam

• Flupenthixol

Antidiarrhoeal drugs

1Antimotility agents (drugs that prolong intestinal transit time by reducing motility)

a Anticholinergics

•Atropine

•Dicyclomine HCl

•Propantheline

bBismuth subsalicylate

cNaturally occurring opium alkaloids

•Codeine phosphate

dSynthetic opioid compounds

•Diphenoxylate

•Loperamide

2Adsorbants

•Chalk

•Charcoal

•Isphagol husk

•Kaolin

•Methyl cellulose

•Pectin

3Miscellaneous

•Peppermint oil

•Vegetable astringent

Anti-emetics

1Anticholinergics

•Hyoscine

2Antihistamines (H1-antagonists)

•Cyclizine

•Hydroxyzine

•Meclizine

•Promethazine

•Dimenhydrinate

•Diphenhydramine

3Benzodiazepines

•Diazepam

4Cannabinoids

•Dronabinol

•Nabilone

5D2-receptor antagonists

•Domperidone

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CLASSIFICATIONS

•Metoclopramide

6 Glucocorticoids

•Dexamethasone

•Methylprednisolone

7Neurokinin-I-receptor-antagonists

•Aprepitant

8Phenothiazines

•Chlorpromazine

•Prochlorperazine

•Thiethylperazine

9Selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists

•Dolasetron

•Granisetron

•Ondansetron

•Palonosetron

Antifungal drugs

1Drugs that disrupt fungal cell membrane A Polyenes

•Amphotericin

•Nystatin

BAzoles

iImidazoles

•Ketoconazole

iiTriazoles

•Fluconazole

iiiAllylamines

•Terbinafine

2Drug that inhibits mitosis

•Griseofulvin

3Drug that inhibits DNA synthesis

•Flucytosine

Antimalarial drugs

AChemical classification

1Cinchona alkaloids

•Quinine

2Diaminopyrimidine

•Pyrimethamine

3Folate antagonists

•Proguanil

44-Aminoquinolines

•Amodiaquine

•Chloroquine

58-Aminoquinolines

•Primaquine

6Quinoline methanol

•Mefloquine

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PHARMACOLOGY IN 7 DAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

• Quinidine

7Sulfonamides

•Sulphadoxine

8Sulphones

•Dapsone

9Tetracyclines

•Doxycycline

10Miscellaneous

•Halofantrin

•Qinghaosu derivatives (artemisinins), i.e. artemether and artisunate

11Combinations

•Fansidar (pyrimethamine + sulfadoxine)

•Fansimef (pyrimethamine + sulfadoxine + mefloquine)

•Maloprim (pyrimethamine + dapsone)

•Malarone (atovaquone + proguanil)

BClassification based on site of action

1Tissue schizonticides (acting on hepatic cycle: pre-erythrocytic stage) a Against primary tissue forms for causal prophylaxis

• Proguanil

bAgainst latent tissue forms, for terminal prophylaxis/radical cure

•Primaquine

2Blood schizonticides (acting on erythrocytic cycle for suppressive cure) a Rapidly acting blood schizonticides

•Artemisinins

•Amodiaquine

•Chloroquine

•Halofantrin

•Mefloquine

•Quinine

bSlower acting blood schizonticides

•Doxycycline

•Proguanil

•Pyrimethamine

3Gametocides against sexual erythrocytic forms

•Primaquine (against plasmodium falciparum)

•Chloroquine and quinine (against plasmodium vivax and ovale)

Antigout drugs

ADrugs for acute attack

1Natural alkaloids

•Colchicine

•Demecolchicine

2NSAIDs specially used in gout

•Fenoprofen

•Indomethacine

•Naproxen

•Oxaprozin

•Oxyphenbutazone

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CLASSIFICATIONS

•Phenylbutazone

•Piroxicam

3Corticosteroids

•Hydrocortisone

•Prednisolone

BDrugs for chronic gout

1Drugs which increase excretion of uric acid (uricosuric agents)

•Aspirin (in high doses)

•Oxyphenbutazone

•Phenylbutazone

•Probenecid

•Sulfinpyrazone

2Drugs which decrease synthesis of uric acid (xanthine oxidase inhibitors)

•Allopurinol

Antihelminthic drugs

1Drugs acting against nematodes

•Albendazole

•Mebendazole

•Thiabendazole

•Diethyl carbamazine

•Pyrantel pamoate

2Drugs acting against trematodes

•Praziquantel

3Drugs acting against cestodes

•Niclosamide

Drugs used in the Rx of leprosy

•Clofazimine

•Dapsone

•Fluoroquinolones

•Macrolides

•Minocycline

•Rifampicin

•Miscellaneous:

–Ethionamide

–Thalidomide

Drugs used in the Rx of tuberculosis

1First-line drugs

•Ethambutol

•Isoniazid

•Pyrazinamide

•Rifampin

•Streptomycin

2Second-line drugs

•Alikacin and kanamycin

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PHARMACOLOGY IN 7 DAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

•Ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin and ofloxacin

•Capreomycin

•Cycloserine

•Ethionamide

•Rifabutin

•Rifapentine

Antihypertensive drugs

ACalcium channel blockers

1Benzothiazepines

•Diltiazem

2Diarylaminopropylamine

•Bepridil

3Dihydropyridines

•Amlodipine

•Felodipine

•Isradipine

•Nicardipine

•Nifedipine

•Nimodipine

•Nisoldipine

•Nitrendipine

4Diphenylpiperazines

•Flunarizine

•Ranolazine

•Trimetazidine

5Phenyl Alkylamines

•Gallopamil

•Verapamil

BDiuretics

1Loop diuretics

•Bumetanide

•Ethacrynic acid

•Furosemide

2Potassium-sparing diuretics

•Amiloride

•Spironolactone

•Triamterene

3Thiazides and related agents

•Benzthiazide

•Chlorthalidone

•Chlorothiazide

•Hydrochlorothiazide

•Indapamide

CDrugs acting on renin-angiotensin system

1Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

•Benzapril

•Captopril

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CLASSIFICATIONS

•Enalapril

•Lisinopril

•Perindopril

•Quinapril

2Angiotensin II receptor blockers (competitive antagonists)

•Candesartan

•Eprosartan

•Irbesartan

•Losartan

•Sarasalin

•Telmisartan

•Valsartan

DSympathoplegics

1α and β blockers

•Carvedilol

•Labetalol

2α-adrenergic receptor antagonists

•Doxazosin

•Phentolamine

•Phenoxybenzmine

•Prazosin

•Terazosin

3Adrenergic neuron blockers

•Guanethidine

•Reserpine

4β-adrenergic receptor antagonists

•Atenolol

•Metoprolol

•Propranolol

5Centrally acting drugs

•Clonidine

•Guanabenz

•Guanfacine

•Methyldopa

6Ganglion-blocking drugs

•Trimethaphan

EVasodilators

1Arterial and venous

•Sodium nitroprusside

2Arterial

iOral

•Hydralazine

•Minoxidil

iiParenteral

•Diazoxide

•Fenoldopam

3Venodilators

•Nitroglycerin

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PHARMACOLOGY IN 7 DAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

Anti-Parkinsonian drugs

1 Dopaminergic drugs

aDopamine precursors

•Levodopa

bDopadecarboxylase inhibitors

•Carbidopa

•Benserazide

cDopamine releasing drugs

•Amantadine

2Dopaminergic agonist drugs a Ergot derivatives

•Bromocriptine

•Pergolide

bNon-ergot derivatives

•Pramipexole

•Ropinirole

3MAO-B inhibitors

•Selegiline

•Rasagiline

4Selective COMT (catechol-O-methyl transferase) inhibitors

•Tolcapone

•Entacapone

5Centrally acting antimuscarinics

•Biperidine

•Benzotropine

•Benzhexol

•Procyclidine

•Orphenadrine

6Other new approaches

aGene therapy

bSurgery

•Implantation of dopamine rich fragments of tissues, e.g. brain, adrenal glands.

•Thalomotomy

•Pallidotomy

•Thalamic stimulation by implanted electrodes

cFree radical scavengers

•Vitamin ‘E’

Antipeptic ulcer drugs

1 Antacids

aSystemic

•Sodium bicarbonate

bNon-systemic

iChemically acting

•Bismuth subcarbonate

•Calcium carbonate

•Magnesium carbonate

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CLASSIFICATIONS

•Magnesium hydroxide

•Magnesium oxide

iiPhysically acting

•Anion exchange resins

•Milk and mucin

iiiPhysico-chemically acting

•Aluminium hydroxide

•Aluminium phosphate

•Magnesium trisilicate

2 Anticholinergics

aNatural alkaloids

•Atropine

•Hyoscine

bSemi-synthetic

•Hyoscine butylbromide

cSelective anticholinergic

•Pirenzepine

dSynthetic

iQuartenary ammonium compounds

•Pipenzolate

•Propantheline

iiTertiary amines

•Dicyclomine

•Piperidolate

3Drugs for eradication of Helicobacter pylori

•Omeprazole and amoxycillin

•Omeprazole and clarithromycin

•Omeprazole, metronidazole, and clarithromycin/amoxycillin

•Bismuth sub-citrate, etronidazole and tetracycline/amoxycillin

4H2 receptor antagonists

•Cimetidine

•Famotidine

•Nizatidine

•Ranitidine

5Mucosal protective agents

aColloid bismuth compounds

•Bismuth subcitrate

bLiquorice derivatives

•Carbenoxolone

cProstaglandin analogue

•Misoprostol

dSulphated sucrose complex

•Sucralfate

6Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs)

•Esomeprazole

•Lansoprazole

•Omeprazole

•Pantoprazole

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PHARMACOLOGY IN 7 DAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

7Miscellaneous

•Metoclopramide

•Oxethezaine

•Proglumide

•Simethicone

Antipsychotic drugs

ATypical/classical antipsychotics

1Phenothiazine derivatives a Aliphatic compounds

•Promazine

•Chlorpromazine

bPiperazine compounds

•Perphenazine

•Fluphenazine

cPiperidine compounds

•Thioridazine

•Mesoridazine

2Butyrophenone derivatives

•Droperidol

•Haloperidol

3Thioxanthene derivatives

•Thiothixene

•Flupenthixol

4Rauwolfia alkaloids

•Reserpine

BAtypical/newer antipsychotics

•Aripiprazole

•Clozapine

•Olanzapine

•Quetiapine

•Loxapine

•Risperidone

•Ziprasidone

CDrugs used to treat manic-depressive disorders

•Carbamazepine

•Valproic acid

•Lamotrigine

•Lithium carbonate

Antithyroid drugs

1Thioamides

•Propyl thiouracil

•Methyl thiouracil

•Carbimazole

•Methimazole

2Anion inhibitors

•Potassium perchlorate

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CLASSIFICATIONS

•Thiocyanate

3 Iodides

•Lugol’s iodine

•Potassium iodide

4 Radio-active iodine

•I131

5β-adrenoceptor blockers

•Nadolol

•Propranolol

Beta-blocking drugs

AAccording to duration of action

1Intermediate acting

•Domolol

•Metoprolol

•Pindolol

•Propranolol

2Long acting

•Atenolol

•Bisoprolol

•Nadolol

3Ultrashort acting

•Esmolol

BAccording to β receptor selectivity

1Both α and β blockers

•Carvedilol

•Labetalol

2β1 blocker with partial β2 agonist activity

•Celiprolol

3β2 selective blocker

•Butoxamine

4Cardioselective (β1) blockers

iPure blockers

•Atenolol

•Bisoprolol

iiWith intrinsic sympathetic activity (ISA)

•Practalol

iiiWith membrane stabilising activity (MSA)

•Betaxolol

•Metoprolol

•Tolamolol

ivWith both ISA and MSA

•Acebutolol

5Non-selective (β1 and β2) blockers

iPure blockers

•Nadolol

•Sotalol

•Timolol

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