книга / MasterPass _ Pharmacology in 7 Days for Medical Students

PHARMACOLOGY IN 7 DAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

Newer drugs:

1GABA analogue

•Gabapentin

•Vigabatrin

2Miscellaneous

•Lamotrigine

•Felbamate

•Topiramate

Older drugs:

1Bromides

•Sodium and Potassium bromide

2Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors

•Acetazolamide

3Oxazolidinedione derivatives

•Trimethadione

4Miscellaneous

•Paraldehyde

Adrenocorticosteroids

Natural

1Glucocorticoids

•Cortisol

•Corticosterone

2Mineralocorticoids

•Aldosterone

•11-Deoxy corticosterone acetate

Synthetic

1Glucocorticoids

•Cortisone

•Prednisone

•Prednisolone

•Methylprednisolone

•Paramethasone

•Dexamethasone

•Triamcinolone

•Betamethasone valerate

•Beclomethasone dipropionate

2Mineralocorticoids

1 Fludrocortisone

Antiviral drugs

1Agents to treat herpes simplex virus (HSV) and varicella-zoster virus (VSV) infections (DNA-polymerase inhibitors)

•Acyclovir

•Valacyclovir

•Famciclovir

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CLASSIFICATIONS

•Penciclovir

•Foscarnet

•Trifluridine

2Agents to treat cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections

•Cidofovir

•Foscarnet

•Fomivirsen

•Ganciclovir

•Valganciclovir

3Antiretroviral agents

iNucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs)

•Abacavir

•Didanosine

•Lamivudine

•Stavudine

•Zidovudine

•Zalcitabine

iiNon-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs)

•Delavirdine

•Efavirenz

•Nevirapine

iiiProtease inhibitors

•Amprenavir

•Indinavir

•Nelfinavir

•Ritonavir

•Saquinavir

ivFusion inhibitors

•Enfuvirtide

4Antihepatitis agents

•Adefovir

•Interferon

•Lamivudine

•Ribavirin

5Anti-influenza agents

•Amantadine

•Rimantadine

•Oseltamivir

•Zanamivir

NSAIDs

ADrugs with analgesic and marked anti-inflammatory effects

1Salicylic acid derivatives

•Aspirin (acetyl salicylic acid)

•Salicylic acid

•Sodium salicylate

•Methyl salicylate

•Choline salicylate

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PHARMACOLOGY IN 7 DAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

•Magnesium salicylate

•Diflunisal

•Benorylate

2Pyrazolone derivatives

•Phenylbutazone

•Oxyphenbutazone

•Azapropazone

3Acetic acid derivatives

•Diclofenac

•Indomethacin

•Tolmetin

•Sulnidac

•Etodolac

4Oxicams

•Piroxicam

•Meloxicam

5Miscellaneous

•Nimuselide

•Celecoxib

•Rofecoxib

BDrugs with analgesic and moderate anti-inflammatory effects

1Propionic acid derivatives

•Ibuprofen

•Ketoprofen

•Fenoprofen

•Flurbiprofen

•Carprofen

•Indoprofen

•Naproxen

•Oxaprozin

2Fenamic acid derivatives

•Mefenamic acid

•Meclofenamic acid

•Flufenamic acid

•Tolfenamic acid

CDrugs with analgesic and weak anti-inflammatory effects

•Paracetamol (aniline derivative)

Adrenergic neuron blockers

1Drugs which interfere with synthesis of noradrenaline

•Metyrosine (alpha-methyl tyrosine)

2Drugs that inhibit storage of noradrenaline

•Deserpidine

•Reserpine

3Drugs that prevent release of noradrenaline

•Bethanidine

•Debrisoquin

•Guanadrel

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CLASSIFICATIONS

•Guanethidine

•Guanoxan

Alpha-adrenergic blockers

AChemical classification

1Beta-haloalkylamines

•Dibenamine

•Phenoxybenzamine

2Benzodioxans

•Dibuzaine

•Diperoxan

3Benzene sulfonamide

•Tamsulosin

4Dibenzapines

•Azepetine

5Ergot alkaloid

•Dihydroergotamine

•Ergotamine

6Phenothiazines

•Chlorpromazine

7Phenoxyalkylamines

•Thymoxamine

8Piperazinyl quinazolines

•Doxazosin

•Prazosin

•Terazosin

9Substituted imidazolines

•Phentolamine

•Tolazoline

10Miscellaneous

•Carvedilol

•Indoramin

•Labetalol

BAccording to reversibility of action

1Irreversible (non-competitive blockers; long-acting)

•Dibenamine

•Phenoxybenzamine

2Reversible (competitive blockers; short-acting)

•Doxazosin

•Prazosin

•Phentolamine

•Terazosin

•Tolazoline

•Trimazosin

•Urapidil

CAccording to receptor selectivity

1Mixed α and β adrenoceptor blocking drugs

•Carvedilol

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PHARMACOLOGY IN 7 DAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

• Labetalol

2Selective α-blockers

iα1-blockers

•Alfuzosin

•Doxazosin

•Pinacidal

•Prazosin

•Tamsulosin

•Teruzosin

•Trimazosin

iiα2-blockers

•Idazoxan

•Yohimbine

3Non-selective (both α1 and α2-blockers)

•Dibenamine

•Dihydroergotamine

•Ergotamine

•Phentolamine

•Phenoxybenzamine

•Tolazoline

Aminoglycosides

1Natural

•Gentamycin

•Kanamycin

•Neomycin

•Streptomycin

•Tobramycin

2Semi-synthetic

•Amikacin

•Netilmicin

Members of macrolide group

•Azithromycin

•Clarithromycin

•Roxithromycin

•Telithromycin

•Carbomycin

•Erythromycin

•Oleandomycin

•Spiramycin

Amoebicides

AChemical classification

1Dichloroacetamides

•Clefamide

•Etofamide

•Diloxanide furoate

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CLASSIFICATIONS

•Teclozan

2 Emetines

•Emetine

•Dehydroemetine

3 Nitroimidazoles

•Metronidazole

•Ornidazole

•Tinidazole

4Halogenated hydroxyquinolines

•Broxyquinoline

•Clioquinol (Iodochlorohydroxyquin)

•Iodoquinol (Diiodohydroxyquin)

5Chloroquine

6Antibiotics

•Erythromycin

•Paromomycin

•Tetracyclines

BTherapeutic classification

1Tissue amoebicides a Emetines

•Emetine

•Dehydroemetine b Nitroimidazoles

•Metronidazole

•Ornidazole

•Tinidazole

c Chloroquine

2Luminal amoebicides a Dichloroacetamides

•Clefamide

•Etofamide

•Diloxanide furoate

•Teclozan

bHalogenated hydroxyquinolines

•Broxyquinoline

•Clioquinol (iodochlorohydroxyquin)

•Iodoquinol (diiodohydroxyquin)

cAntibiotics

•Erythromycin

•Paromomycin

•Tetracyclines

Anti-anginal drugs

1β-adrenoceptor blockers

•Atenolol

•Acebutalol

•Propranolol

2Calcium channel blockers

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PHARMACOLOGY IN 7 DAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

aBenzothiazepine

•Diltiazem

bDiarylaminopropylamine

•Bepridil

cDihydropyridines

•Amlodipine

•Fenodipine

•Nicardipine

•Nifedipine

•Nimodipine

•Nisoldipine

•Nitrendipine

dDiphenylpiperazines

•Flunarizine

•Ranolazine

•Trimetazidine

ePhenyl Alkylamines

•Gallopamil

•Verapamil

3Organic nitrates and nitrites a Intermediate-acting

•Isosorbide dinitrate (chewable oral)

•Nitroglycerin (2% ointment; slow-release buccal) b Long-acting

•Erythrityl tetranitrate

•Isosorbide-5-mononitrate (oral)

•Nitroglycerin (oral sustained action; slow release patch) c Short-acting

•Amylnitrite (inhalant)

•Isosorbide dinitrate (sublingual)

•Nitroglycerin (sublingual)

4Potassium channel activators

•Cromakalin

•Nicorandil

•Pinacidil

Anti-asthmatic drugs

I Bronchodilators

AAntimuscarinics

•Ipratropium bromide

•Tiotropium

BMethylxanthines

•Aminophylline

•Caffeine

•Theobromine

•Theophylline

CSympathomimetics

iα and β-adrenoceptor agonists

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CLASSIFICATIONS

•Epinephrine

•Ephedrine

•Isoproterenol

iiβ-adrenoceptor agonists

•Isoprenaline

•Orciprenaline

iiiβ2-Selective adrenoceptor agonists

•Formoterol

•Remiterol

•Salbutamol

•Terbutaline

II Corticosteroids

•Beclomethasone

•Dexamethasone

•Hydrocortisone Sodium Succinate

•Methyl Prednisolone

•Triamcinolone

III Leukotriene pathway inhibitors

aLTD4-receptor antagonists

•Montelukast

•Zafirlukast

b5-lipoxygenase inhibitor

•Zileuton

IV Mast cell stabilisers/degranulation inhibitors

• Disodium cromoglycate/cromolyn sodium

• Ketotifen

• Nedocromil sodium

V New approaches

aAnti-IgE monoclonal antibodies

•Omalizumab

bCa2+ channel blockers

•Nifedipine

•Verapamil

Parasympatholytics/cholinolytics/anticholinergic drugs

AChemical classification

1Natural

•Atropine

•Hyoscine (scopolamine)

2Synthetic and semi-synthetic

iTertiary amines

•Dicyclomine

•Homatropine

•Pirenzepine

•Tropicamide

iiQuartenary amines

•Atropine methobromide

•Glycopyrrolate

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PHARMACOLOGY IN 7 DAYS FOR MEDICAL STUDENTS

•Ipratropium bromide

•Propantheline bromide

•Pipenzolate bromide

B Therapeutic classification

1Anti-asthmatics

•Ipratropium bromide

•Tiotropium

2Antidote to cholinergic poisoning

•Atropine sulphate

3Antidiarrhoeal

•Atropine sulphate

•Diphenoxylate

4Anti-Parkinsonism

•Benzhexol

•Benztropine

•Biperidine

•Orphenadine

•Procyclidine

5Antispasmodic

•Atropine sulphate

•Clidineum bromide

•Hyoscine butylbromide

•Pipenzolate bromide

6Anti-ulcer

•Pirenzepine

•Telenzepine

7As pre-anaesthetic medication and in motion sickness

•Atropine sulphate

•Hyoscine butylbromide

8Mydriatics and cycloplegics

•Atropine sulphate

•Cyclopentolate hydrochloride

•Eucatropine hydrochloride

•Homatropine hydrobromide

•Tropicamide

Anticoagulants

1Used in vivo and in vitro

•Heparin

2Used in vivo only

aCoumarin derivatives

•Dicumarol

•Nicoumalone

•Warfarin

bIndandione derivatives

•Anisindione

•Diphenindione

•Phenindione

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CLASSIFICATIONS

3Used in vitro only: oxalates and citrates of Na+ and K+, e.g.

•EDTA (ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid)

•Hirudine

•K-Oxalate

•Na-Oxalate

4Miscellaneous

•Human antithrombin-III

•Lepirudin

Thrombolytic drugs

These include

1Alteplase

2Anistreplase

3Reteplase

4Streptokinase

5Tenecteplase

6Tissue plasminogen activator

7Urokinase

Antidepressant drugs

1Tricyclic antidepressants (TCA)

•Imipramine

•Desipramine

•Trimipramine

•Amitriptyline

•Protriptyline

•Nortriptyline

2Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOI) a Hydrazides

•Phenelzine

•Isocarboxazid

•Iproniazid

bNon-hydrazides

•Tranylcypromine

•Paragyline

3Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI)

•Sertraline

•Fluoxetine

•Paroxetine

4Heterocyclic/2nd and 3rd generation antidepressants a Monocyclic drugs

•Tofanacine b Bicyclic drugs

•Viloxazine

cTricyclic drugs

•Amoxapine

dTetracyclic drugs

•Maprotiline

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