1. How is our body adapted for the physical stresses and wear of human life? Speak about each system of organs.

1. Various sets of exercises affect almost all systems of the body (consisting of organs and combined to perform certain functions).

2. Cardiovascular system: the pulse rate increases, the heart capacity increases, and oxygen enters the blood in large volumes;

3. Circulatory system: blood acquires the ability to quickly recover, after its significant losses.

4. Breathing system: increases blood oxygen enrichment by increasing the volume of the lungs;

5. Musculoskeletal system: the result of regular training is an increase in human endurance and performance;

6. Nervous system: activates and improves the nervous activity of a person with a noticeable increase in blood supply to the brain.

2. What are the most surprising abilities of the human body?

1. The cracking sound made by knuckles, necks, backs, and other joints when they’re cracked is the sound of bubbles popping in the joints’ fluid.

2. The Brain is a very wrinkly organ! If you spread it out, your brain would be about the size of a pillowcase. By the time you are six years old, your brain is already 90 percent of the size it will be when you are an adult

3. Your salivary glands produce two to six cups of (0.5-1.5 litres) of saliva a day. Six cups of saliva would come close to filling a big, two-litre (67.6) ounce soda bottle!

4. The human eye technically has the ability to see ultraviolet light. It’s just that our eye lens filters out this natural ability. 

5. Human strength is intentionally limited to protect our muscles and tendons from harming themselves. But, this limitation is removed during an adrenaline rush, and makes people seem like they have super human strength.

6. The amount of heat given off by the human body in just 30 minutes is enough to bring one gallon of water to a boil.

3. What is the adaptive significance of the four-chambered heart and greater and lesser circulation?

The formation of a four-chamber heart and complete separation of circulatory circles was a necessary prerequisite for the development of warm-bloodedness in mammals and birds. Tissues of warm-blooded animals consume a lot of oxygen, so they need "pure" arterial blood, maximally saturated with oxygen, and not mixed arterial-venous.

4. How does the human body adapt to the changes in lifestyle and the environment?

While changes in heart and skeletal muscle are the adaptations that are most obviously relevant to athletes, most systems of the body undergo adaptive changes. This is a consequence of the principle of homeostasis: the general principle that living systems adapt to challenge in a way that increases their ability to deal with the challenge. Specifically, it can regulate it's temperature, adjust to a variety of different diets, or adjust heart and breathing rate.

5. What medical achievements have most significantly changed human life and health care?

Medical hygiene and mass vaccination. Vaccination campaigns have spread throughout the globe, sometimes prescribed by law or regulations (See Vaccination Acts). Vaccines are now used against a wide variety of diseases. Hygiene practices include: isolation or quarantine of infectious persons or materials to prevent spread of infection, sterilization of instruments used in surgical procedures, using of protective clothing and barriers, such as masks, gowns, caps, eyewear and gloves, hand-washing, ethanol-based sanitizers. Most of these practices were developed in the 19th century and were well established by the mid-20th century. They are veru helpful in preventing disease spread.

6. What are blood groups? What characteristics allow to distinguish blood groups?

Human blood is grouped into four types: A, B, AB, and O. Each letter refers to a kind of antigen, or protein, on the surface of red blood cells. For example, the surface of red blood cells in Type A blood has antigens known as A-antigens.

7. How many blood groups are there?

There are four blood groups: 0, A, B, AB

8. Why is it necessary to match donor's and recipient's blood groups for transfusion?

Only same Blood mixes with same blood and mixing other type with other one causes reaction of our immune system which may lead to multiple organ failure and even death.

9. What are the functions of water in the human organism? What processes is water involved in?

Water regulates your body temperature. Evaporation of sweat cools blood in vessels in the skin, which helps to cool the entire body

· Water provides the movement of substances in the cell and the body, the absorption of substances and excretion of metabolic products.

· Water is an active participant in the metabolism.

· Water is involved in the formation of lubricating fluids, mucus and secrets in the body