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b)The motives to form a partnership.

c)The roles of partners.

PARTNERSHIP

1.There is a type of business organization called partnership. Partnerships are voluntary combinations from 2 to 20 persons formed for the purpose of carrying on business with a view of profit. This type of organization represents a logical development from one-person business since the obvious method by which such a firm may acquire further capital is to form a partnership. The motive, however, may not be financial and partnerships are often formed in order to bring new ability and enterprise into the business.

2.Partners usually specialize in one or more aspects of business, one may be responsible for buying, one for selling, one for production, and so on. A person who joins a partnership, supplying capital and sharing in the profits, but taking no part in the management is known as a sleeping partner. The survival of a partnership depends upon the continued harmonious relationship between a certain number of people in situations which often give much cause for disagreement. In economies where trading risks are very great, the partnership is not a very stable type of organization.

3.The advantages of this type of firm are similar to those of one-person business. It is a flexible organization which allows a greater degree of specialization than the one-person business. Since it has greater access to capital, it can achieve greater size than the sole proprietor. The great disadvantage is the fact that the liability of the partners is unlimited and they are fully liable for the acts of the other partners. There are, however, some limited partnerships. In such firms some partners may have their liability limited to some specified sum, but at least one of the partners must have unlimited liability.

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Задание 5. Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из абзацев содержит следующую информацию

а) Advantages and disadvantages of this form of business.

b)The trends of the development of small business.

c)Profits and losses of the business.

SOLE PROPRIETOR

1.Many businesses are sole proprietorships, firms owned and operated by a single person. When a person decides to open an independent business, that person is then entirely responsible for its success or failure. Any profits go to the owner, any losses are his or her responsibility as well. If the losses prove to be greater than the investment, the individual is responsible for paying them, even if this depletes all personal assets. In spite of its limitations, the sole proprietorship is well adapted to many kinds of small businesses.

2.One of the advantages of a sole proprietorship is that an owner can make decisions quickly and decisively without having to consult others. And an individual proprietor, by law, pays fewer taxes and at a lower rates than does a corporation. There are disadvantages to this form of business organization, however. A sole proprietorship ends with the incapacity or death of the owner. The assets can be inherited by a person who may then become the operator, but legally the business dies with its owner. Also, it is dependent upon the amount of money the owner has saved or can borrow from his or her family, friends or banks.

3.A small business is often the starting point for developing a new product or

service. One person tries out an idea. If it is successful, the business grows, or the

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product may be bought by a larger firm. Small businesses often grow into large ones, adding to the economic vitality of the nation. The small business can give an individual a chance to gain experience, which the person may use later on a larger scale. It and suits the temperament of many persons who like to exercise initiative and be their own bosses. Small businesses are particularly well suited for meeting specialized local needs. Small businesses provide a service where knowing one's customers is important.

Задание 6. Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке

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about your latest PC. Also please send your wholesale prices and your terms.

Рекомендуемая литература по теме (из списка): 1.ОЛ (с.116-125), 1.ДЛ

(с.115-131), 2. ДЛ (с.75-83), 5. ДЛ (63-78), 7 ДЛ. (57-90), 9-11.

РАЗДЕЛ 5

Задание 1. Выберите правильный вариант перевода словосочетания free competition

а) денежные поступления c) свободная конкуренция b) практическое применение d) разделение труда

Задание 2. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

You __________ use pauses to slow your pace down and make your sentences easier to understand.

Задание 3. Дополните микродиалог

Did Mr. Bridges receive you on the day of your arrival? - ____________________.

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Задание 4. Выберите правильный вариант ответа

The ______________ government became closely involved in industry after World War II when the Labor Party nationalized major industries.

Задание 5. Прочитайте текст и определите основную идею текста

а) Role and responsibilities of the manager.

b)Economic activities in business organizations.

c)Types of business organizations.

Managers are coordinators of economic activities in business organizations. Coordination of group efforts is an essential function in a company, and whoever acts as a coordinator is a manager.

Managers do not perform physical tasks which are necessary to produce and sell the goods and services that are the output of the company. All this is done by workers and employees. On the other hand, the latter would be unable to achieve the goal of the organization without the guiding hand of management.

There are literally thousands of decisions in a company about what is to be done, who is to do it and how it is to be done. It is managers who make these decisions and see that they are implemented.

The duties of a manager include:

the determination of the best form of organization,

development of a control system,

budgeting and forecasting,

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marketing and sales policies,

effective performance of the sales staff,

development of improved methods for the planning and control of ordering,

handling and sorting out of the materials and supplies,

determination of wages and salaries,

the establishment of incentives for good performance.

The work of managers is, by no means, confined to manufacturing industries. It is indispensable in offices, banks, mercantile establishments, insurance agencies and other similar activities. Management is the team of managers who are in charge of the organization at different levels. Regardless of the specific job, most managers perform five basic functions: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling.

Planning involves determining overall company objectives and deciding how these goals can best be achieved. Organizing is putting the plan into action. In directing, managers guide, teach, and motivate people so that they reach their potential abilities. At last managers control and evaluate how well overall company objectives are being met.

Задание 6. Определите цель делового письма

Electrical Supplies Ltd.

Coventry England, E.C.7.

20th May, 2005

Rossimport,

Moscow, Russia

Dear Sirs,

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With reference to your enquiry of May 11th we confirm that we manufacture the equipment you are interested in. Our equipment is not very expensive and it is in great demand on the world market. We are doing business with many firms in Eastern Europe and we have never received any complaints.

We can supply you with the number of engines you require. We are enclosing with this letter our latest catalogue and leaflets where you will find all the technical and commercial information. We also enclose our price-list and General Conditions of Sale including the terms of payment.

Many thanks for your enquiry and we look forward to receiving your order in the near future. If you have questions please do not hesitate to contact us.

Yours faithfully,

Tom Jones

Рекомендуемая литература по теме (из списка): 1.ОЛ (с.116-125), 1.ДЛ

(с.115-131), 2. ДЛ (с.75-83), 5. ДЛ (63-78), 7 ДЛ. (57-90), 9-11.

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