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МИНИСТЕРСТВО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ

ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ

«ВОРОНЕЖСКИЙ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННЫЙ ЛЕСОТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ ИМ. Г.Ф. МОРОЗОВА»

Е.А.МАКЛАКОВА, А.А.ИЛУНИНА

ТЕХНИЧЕСКИЙ ПЕРЕВОД. АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК

МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ УКАЗАНИЯ К ПРАКТИЧЕСКИМ ЗАНЯТИЯМ ДЛЯ СТУДЕНТОВ ПО НАПРАВЛЕНИЮ ПОДГОТОВКИ

2. 09.04.02 «ИНФОРМАЦИОННЫЕ СИСТЕМЫ И ТЕХНОЛОГИИ»

ВОРОНЕЖ 2017

ББК 81.432. 1

Печатается по решению учебно-методического совета ФГБОУ ВО «ВГЛТУ» (протокол № 4 от 04. 05. 2017г.).

Рецензент: д.филол.н., проф. Стернин И.А.

Маклакова Е.А.

Иностранный язык [Текст]: методические указания к практическим занятиям для студентов по направлению подготовки 09.04.02 «Информационные системы и технологии» / E.А. Маклакова, А.А. Илунина; ФГБОУ ВО «ВГЛТУ».

– Воронеж, 2017. – 18 с.

Настоящие методические указания представляют собой современный подход к обучению слушателей в системе высшего образования. Необходимость в появлении таких методических указаний диктуется современным подходом к преподаванию дисциплины «Технический перевод» в магистратуре: в них кратко и информативно представлен алгоритм освоения учебного материала по модулям (разделам), позволяющий повысить качество их обучения магистрантов и стимулировать интерес пользователей к указанной дисциплине, изучаемой в контексте их научной деятельности. Данные методические указания могут служить руководством для магистрантов направлений подготовки 09.04.02 «Информационные системы и технологии».

Табл.: 6. Библиогр.: 6 назв.

© Маклакова Е. А., 2017 © Воронежский государственный лесотехнический университет им. Г.Ф. Морозова, 2017

совершенствование уровня владения иностранным языком и языком специальности, наиболее полное использование его в научной работе, активизация и развитие навыков научной письменной и устной речи, реализующих подготовку магистров к ведению профессиональной деятельности в иноязычной среде.

Для достижения поставленной цели при изучении дисциплины ставятся и решаются следующие задачи:

-магистрант обязан уяснить и совершенствовать и совершенствование навыков чтения научной и научно-технической литературы с целью извлечения основной информации по определенному алгоритму и последующего ее обобщения в устной и реферативной форме;

-ознакомиться с приемами письменной научной коммуникации;

- изучить все виды чтения оригинальной литературы по специальности;

- уяснить на конкретных, доступных для студента примерах, аннотирование, переводы, рефераты, резюме и другие виды работы с целью обобщения ключевой информации с ее последующим обсуждением в устной форме.

Дисциплина «Технический перевод» относится к дисциплинам основной профессиональной образовательной программы, вариативной части, обязательным дисциплинам, индекс по учебному плану Б1.В.ОД.1.

Т Р Е Б О В А Н И Я К Р Е З У Л Ь Т АТ А М О С В О Е Н И Я ДИСЦИПЛИНЫ

Для эффективного освоения дисциплины «Технический перевод» у обучающегося должны быть сформированы следующие предварительные компетенции или их части:

а) владение культурой мышления, способностью к обобщению, анализу, восприятию информации, постановке цели и выбору путей ее достижения;

б) умение логически верно, аргументировано и ясно строить устную и письменную речь;

в) знание иностранного языка на уровне не ниже разговорного.

Магистр по результатам освоения дисциплины «Технический перевод» должен обладать следующими компетенциями:

а) общекультурными (ОК):

-способностью к абстрактному мышлению, анализу, синтезу (ОК-1);

-способностью к саморазвитию, самореализации, использованию творческого потенциала (ОК-3);

б) общепрофессиональными (ОПК):

-способностью использовать иностранный язык в профессиональной сфере

(ОПК-3);

в) профессиональными (ПК)

-способностью вести сбор, анализ и систематизацию информации по теме исследования, готовить научно-технические отчеты, обзоры публикаций по теме исследования (ПК-18).

В результате освоения дисциплины магистр должен:

-знать: базовые нормы фонетики; наиболее употребительную (базовую) грамматику и основные грамматические явления, характерные для профессиональной устной и письменной речи; базовую лексику общего и терминологического характера, необходимую для выполнения переводов технических текстов и для возможности получения информации профессионального содержания из зарубежных источников по широкому и узкому профилю специальности; основные приемы работы с научнотехническими текстами и деловой документацией.

-уметь: вести деловую переписку; составлять аннотации, рефераты, тезисы; свободно читать и понимать со словарем оригинальную литературу в соответствующей отрасли знаний, применяя все виды чтения (изучающее, поисковое и просмотровое); оформлять извлеченную из иностранных источников информацию в виде перевода или резюме; применять знания иностранного языка при проведении рабочих переговоров и составлении деловых документов.

-владеть: навыками устной коммуникации: участвовать в дискуссии, научной беседе на темы общенаучного и профессионального общения; основами публичной речи: выступать с подготовленным монологическим сообщением, докладами, презентациями на научных конференциях, используя вспомогательные средства (графики, таблицы, диаграммы, программу «Power Point» и т.д.); основными навыками письменной коммуникации, необходимыми для подготовки публикаций, тезисов и ведения деловой переписки в профессиональных и научных целях.

CONTENTS

SECTION 1

1. Learn the words and word combinations:

2. Read and translate the text:

Early digital computers were electromechanical; electric switches drove mechanical relays to perform the calculation. These devices had a low operating speed and were eventually superseded by much faster all-electric computers, originally using vacuum tubes. The Z2, created by German engineer Konrad Zuse in 1939, was one of the earliest examples of an electromechanical relay computer.

In 1941, Zuse followed his earlier machine up with the Z3, the world's first working electromechanical programmable, fully automatic digital computer. The Z3

punched film while data could be stored in 64 words of memory or supplied from the keyboard. It was quite similar to modern machines in some respects, pioneering numerous advances such as floating point numbers.

Replacement of the hard-to-implement decimal system (used in Charles Babbage's earlier design) by the simpler binary system meant that Zuse's machines were easier to build and potentially more reliable, given the technologies available at that time.

Purely electronic circuit elements soon replaced their mechanical and electromechanical equivalents, at the same time that digital calculation replaced analog. The engineer Tommy Flowers, working at the Post Office Research Station in London in the 1930s, began to explore the possible use of electronics for the telephone exchange. Experimental equipment that he built in 1934 went into operation 5 years later, converting a portion of the telephone exchange network into an electronic data processing system, using thousands of vacuum tubes.

In the US, John Vincent Atanasoff and Clifford E. Berry of Iowa State University developed and tested the Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) in 1942, the first «automatic electronic digital computer». This design was also all-electronic and used about 300 vacuum tubes, with capacitors fixed in a mechanically rotating drum for memory.

Colossus was the first electronic digital programmable computing device, and was used to break German ciphers during World War II. During World War II, the British at Bletchley Park achieved a number of successes at breaking encrypted German military communications. The German encryption machine, Enigma, was first attacked with the help of the electro-mechanical bombes.

To crack the more sophisticated German Lorenz SZ 40/42 machine, used for highlevel Army communications, Max Newman and his colleagues commissioned Flowers to build the Colossus. He spent eleven months from early February 1943 designing and building the first Colossus. After a functional test in December 1943, Colossus was shipped to Bletchley Park, where it was delivered on 18 January 1944 and attacked its first message on 5 February.

Colossus was the world's first electronic digital programmable computer. It used a large number of valves (vacuum tubes). It had paper-tape input and was capable of being configured to perform a variety of boolean logical operations on its data.

Nine Mk II Colossi were built (The Mk I was converted to a Mk II making ten machines in total). Colossus Mark I contained 1500 thermionic valves (tubes), but Mark II with 2400 valves, was both 5 times faster and simpler to operate than Mark 1, greatly speeding the decoding process.

3. Continue the sentences:

1.These devices had …

2.Program code was …

3.It was quite similar to …

4.Replacement of …

5.Experimental equipment …

6.This design was …

7.To crack the …

8.After a functional test …

9.It used a large number of …

10.It had …

11.Colossus was …

4.Write the summary of the text in English.

5.Choose the right variants and fill in the gaps:

A) High power mainframe systems _________ processes such as modeling and predicting.

а) involve b) satisfy c) contain d) identify

B) The key purpose for using a visual aid is to help the audience understand the topic

_____ .

а) most b) better c) less d) more

C) Did the world's first electronic digital programmable computer use a large number of valves (vacuum tubes)? – _________________.

а) Yes, it has a great many parts. b) It was operated manually.

c)Yes, some mechanical devices use two hundred or more. d) Yes, it did.

D)As ________ became smaller and cheaper, the application of desktop PCs in business became more common.

The board urgently requires feedback on your experience with PCs in Northern Branch. I need to know for my report:

1.What do you personally use your PC for and your reasons for doing this?

2.What software do you use? Please, name the programs.

3.How many hours per day do you spend actually using it.

4.How has not your PC come up to your expectations?

5.What unanticipated uses have you found for your PC, that others may want to share?

Please FAX this information directly to me by 7 p.m. on Wednesday 7 December. Thank you for your help.

SECTION 2

1. Learn the words and word combinations:

2. Read and translate the text:

Today the computer has made locating, gathering, and analyzing data much faster and cost-effective. Even individual who owns a good computer and a modem can access databases and conduct in-depth intelligence searches that in the past only large corporations and libraries could afford.

Nowadays, using public and specialized online computer databases, one researcher can accomplish what formerly took the entire department far longer to accomplish. Some of the hardware required for efficient computerized searches includes a modem, fax machine, and high-speed printer. The faster the transmission mode, the more efficient your research is likely to be.

Many electronic network systems were created in 1989 and have continued to grow since then. They now offer access to information and the means to communicate with other individuals, businesses, or countries all over the world. A tremendous amount of pertinent information is available on what is termed the Internet. In fact, you do not even have to leave your computer to obtain information from the world famous libraries.

The Internet is a global computer network. It is developing very rapidly. You can read many publications (newspapers, magazines, journals) through the Internet. E- mail is the most popular service. A great many of people, who have access to the Internet, use the network only for sending and receiving E-mail messages.

In many countries, the Internet provides businesspersons a reliable alternative to

the more expensive and unreliable telecommunications systems. That is always cheaper, because you send E-mail messages; you only have to pay for phone calls to your local service providers, not for calls across your country or around the world. For these services, you pay your service provider a monthly or an hourly fee. Part of this fee goes towards its costs to connect to a larger provider; another part received by the larger service provider goes to cover its costs of running a worldwide network of wires and wireless stations.

Internet services combine the use of audio, video, graphics, and text for procuring information. If the topic of your paper is NAFTA, and you have narrowed this down to an update on the North American Trade Agreement, it is possible to gather material through an Internet service. When you enter this term, you might find dozens of sources. Therefore, you must make choices to narrow down your topic as you work.

However, the Internet is considered unreliable source of information. It is very important as you use the Internet to keep in mind the thesis of your research. Because it is so easy to gather information and nothing guarantees its quality and accuracy, the writer must not become distracted and must be the final judge of the facts obtained. Another problem is its insecurity. When you send an E-mail message to someone, it travels through many different networks and computers.

The information is constantly being directed towards its destination by special computers called routers. Therefore, it is possible to intervene into any of the computers along the route, read and even change the data being sent on the Internet. That is why you cannot send original contracts, letters of credit, invoices and other important documents through the Internet. However, these commercial and technical problems must be resolved in the nearest future.

Another popular Internet application is World-Wide Web. The number of Web pages is hundreds of millions. There is a searching system to find the proper Web page. Such a page contains a short description of a subject (program, institution, etc.) and the reference to other Web-documents. Availability of a home computer along with an on-line service could be very helpful. That involves installation and a monthly charge for the use of an on-line service. These charges are computed based on time duration; however, they are not computed according to the distance to your contacts. Therefore, the opportunities offered by having a home computer with online services may be cost-effective.

Electronic mail (E-mail) combines the advantage of writing with the responsiveness of the telephone. E-mail systems turn computers into inboxes. The ability to communicate with different libraries and countries has increased through linking to an electronic network such as Internet. E-mail is used widely for internal and external messages and suits itself particularly well to short informal messages.

Increasingly, organizations are adopting e-mail as the primary mode of internal communication. Some organizations have policies in place that treat e-mail as a business asset, not a personal asset; thus from a legal perspective, e-mail is admissible in court. All you need to get started in E-mail is access to a computer with the right hardware, the appropriate software, and an E-mail address.