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Задание 4. Выберите правильный вариант ответа
The law of demand was discovered by A. Cournot (1801—1877), a professor of mathematics at the University of Lyon, ____________________.
а) France |
c) UK |
b) London |
d) USA |
Задание 5. Прочитайте текст и определите, какой из абзацев содержит следующую информацию
а) Advantages and disadvantages of this form of business.
b)The trends of the development of small business.
c)Profits and losses of the business.
SOLE PROPRIETOR
1.Many businesses are sole proprietorships, firms owned and operated by a single person. When a person decides to open an independent business, that person is then entirely responsible for its success or failure. Any profits go to the owner, any losses are his or her responsibility as well. If the losses prove to be greater than the investment, the individual is responsible for paying them, even if this depletes all personal assets. In spite of its limitations, the sole proprietorship is well adapted to many kinds of small businesses.
2.One of the advantages of a sole proprietorship is that an owner can make decisions quickly and decisively without having to consult others. And an individual proprietor, by law, pays fewer taxes and at a lower rates than does a corporation. There are disadvantages to this form of business organization, however. A sole proprietorship ends with the incapacity or death of the owner. The assets can be inherited by a person who may then become the operator, but legally the business dies with its owner. Also, it is dependent upon the amount of money the owner has saved or can borrow from his or her family, friends or banks.
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3. A small business is often the starting point for developing a new product or service. One person tries out an idea. If it is successful, the business grows, or the product may be bought by a larger firm. Small businesses often grow into large ones, adding to the economic vitality of the nation. The small business can give an individual a chance to gain experience, which the person may use later on a larger scale. It and suits the temperament of many persons who like to exercise initiative and be their own bosses. Small businesses are particularly well suited for meeting specialized local needs. Small businesses provide a service where knowing one's customers is important.
Задание 6. Расположите части делового письма в правильном порядке
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a) Thank you for your help |
b) Transmaster Innovations, Inc. |
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beforehand. We're looking forward to |
18 West Avenue |
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your prompt reply. |
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Orlando, FI 32808 |
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With best wishes, |
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Phone 407-555-8312 |
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Foreign Sales Department |
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fax407-555-8313 |
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Philip Burrow |
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c) Dear Mr. Katsumi, |
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September, 16, 2000 |
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We're very much interested in an ad |
Mr. Katsumi |
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of yours that ran in a recent issue of |
Katsumi Electronics, Ltd. |
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New Electronics. |
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10 Ichiban-cho |
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TI, Inc. is always looking for good |
Tokyo 102, |
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electronic products to keep our |
Japan |
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customers happy and to attract new |
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ones. Would you please tell us more |
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about your latest PC. Also please send |
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your wholesale prices and your terms. |
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Рекомендованная литература: 1. ОЛ (с.9-12).
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Контрольная работа № 3
Вариант 1
Задание 1. Выберите правильный вариант перевода словосочетания free competition
а) денежные поступления c) свободная конкуренция b) практическое применение d) разделение труда
Задание 2. Выберите правильный вариант ответа
You __________ use pauses to slow your pace down and make your sentences easier to understand.
а) shall be able |
c) might be |
b) has to |
d) can |
Задание 3. Дополните микродиалог
Did Mr. Bridges receive you on the day of your arrival? - ____________________.
а) You don’t say so! |
c) Yes, I was. |
b) Yes, he did. |
d) Yes, he received you. |
Задание 4. Выберите правильный вариант ответа
The ______________ government became closely involved in industry after World War II when the Labor Party nationalized major industries.
а) British |
c) socialist |
b) American |
d) German |
Задание 5. Прочитайте текст и определите основную идею текста а) Role and responsibilities of the manager.
b) Economic activities in business organizations.
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c) Types of business organizations.
Managers are coordinators of economic activities in business organizations. Coordination of group efforts is an essential function in a company, and whoever acts as a coordinator is a manager.
Managers do not perform physical tasks which are necessary to produce and sell the goods and services that are the output of the company. All this is done by workers and employees. On the other hand, the latter would be unable to achieve the goal of the organization without the guiding hand of management.
There are literally thousands of decisions in a company about what is to be done, who is to do it and how it is to be done. It is managers who make these decisions and see that they are implemented.
The duties of a manager include:
the determination of the best form of organization,
development of a control system,
budgeting and forecasting,
marketing and sales policies,
effective performance of the sales staff,
development of improved methods for the planning and control of ordering,
handling and sorting out of the materials and supplies,
determination of wages and salaries,
the establishment of incentives for good performance.
The work of managers is, by no means, confined to manufacturing industries. It is indispensable in offices, banks, mercantile establishments, insurance agencies and other similar activities. Management is the team of managers who are in charge of the organization at different levels. Regardless of the specific job, most managers perform five basic functions: planning, organizing, staffing, directing, controlling.
Planning involves determining overall company objectives and deciding how these goals can best be achieved. Organizing is putting the plan into action. In
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directing, managers guide, teach, and motivate people so that they reach their potential abilities. At last managers control and evaluate how well overall company objectives are being met.
Задание 6. Определите цель делового письма
а) Enquiry b) Reply to enquiry c) Offer Electrical Supplies Ltd.
Coventry England, E.C.7.
20th May, 2005
Rossimport,
Moscow, Russia
Dear Sirs,
With reference to your enquiry of May 11th we confirm that we manufacture the equipment you are interested in. Our equipment is not very expensive and it is in great demand on the world market. We are doing business with many firms in Eastern Europe and we have never received any complaints.
We can supply you with the number of engines you require. We are enclosing with this letter our latest catalogue and leaflets where you will find all the technical and commercial information. We also enclose our price-list and General Conditions of Sale including the terms of payment.
Many thanks for your enquiry and we look forward to receiving your order in the near future. If you have questions please do not hesitate to contact us.
Yours faithfully,
Tom Jones
Контрольная работа № 3
Вариант 2
Задание 1. Выберите правильный вариант перевода словосочетания
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rate of interest |
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а) ценные бумаги |
c) процентная ставка |
b) контрольный пакет акций |
d) индекс фондового рынка |
Задание 2. Выберите правильный вариант ответа
You __________ change the meaning of a sentence by putting the stress on a different word.
а) shall be able |
c) might be |
b) has to |
d) can |
Задание 3. Дополните микродиалог
How was your flight, Mr. White? - ______________________.
а) Yes. Here we are. |
c) I would prefer a morning flight. |
b) I'm afraid not. |
d) A little bumpy, but I am glad to be here. |
Задание № 4. Выберите правильный вариант ответа
Barclay's Bank, Lloyd's Bank, Midland Bank and National Westminster Bank are the basis of the banking system of the ____________.
а) USA |
c) Great Britain |
b) UK |
d) America |
Задание 5. Прочитайте текст и определите основную идею текста а) Role and responsibilities of the manager.
b)Economic activities in business organizations.
c)Types of business organizations.
Before starting your business there are a number of decisions you will have to make. For example, who should you buy your supplies from? What premises will you work from? How much control do you want to keep in the business? This last
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question depends on whether you decide to work as a sole trader, a partnership or a limited company.
Suppose you decided to work as a sole trader. It means that you alone have responsibility for the business; you also take all profits after paying income tax on them. What advantages do you have if you work as a sole trader? They are as follows: you do not have to disclose details of your financial affairs except to the tax authorities; you have the final say in any decisions that affect the company. The only disadvantage is that you alone are personally responsible for any business debts.
Partnership. It is a group of between two and twenty people trading as one firm. They share responsibility for debts, decision making and the profits. Partnership can be useful, and effective when partners have skills in different areas. What are the disadvantages of a partnership? All partners are personally liable for any business debts, even if they are caused by mismanagement by another partner. So it is essential to know your partners well and trust them.
A limited company (Ltd.). A company formed by two or more shareholders who put money into the business in return for a share of the profits. They appoint directors who control the company. A limited company must be registered. The advantages of a limited company are: the financial liability of the shareholders is limited. If the business goes bust the personal belongings of the shareholders cannot be taken to pay the debts. You each lose only the value of the shares you own. The disadvantages are as follows: you may find it difficult to get credit from suppliers or loans from banks unless you give personal guarantees that you will pay your debts to them.
Monopoly. Monopoly is a market structure with only a single seller of a commodity or service dealing with a large number of buyers. When a single seller faces a single buyer, that situation is known as bilateral monopoly. There is monopoly when there is only one seller in an industry, and there is competition when there are many sellers in an industry.
Задание 6. Определите цель делового письма
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а) Enquiry |
b) Reply to enquiry |
c) Offer |
W. Jones & Sons, Ltd.
Queen Street, 285
London, E.C.4
10th January 2001
Rossexport
Lomonosova Street, 15
Moscow
Russia
Dear Sirs,
We learn from the Russian Trade Mission that you are producing for export woolen handmade carpets.
There is a steady demand here for high-class goods of this type. Will you please send us your catalogues and full details of your export prices and terms of payment. We look forward to hearing form you.
Yours faithfully,
W. Jones.
Рекомендованная литература: 1. ОЛ (с.17-20).
Контрольная работа №4
Вариант 1
Задание 1. Выберите один из четырѐх терминов, который соответствует
приведѐнному определению
_________________ is the study of how we can best increase a country's wealth
with the resources that we have available to us.
a) Economic b) Economy
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c) Economist |
d) Economics |
Задание 2. Восстановите правильный порядок слов по приведѐнным синтаксическим элементам предложения
of international bank payments / and documentary collection bills / letters of credit / traditional instruments / are /.
Задание № 3. Вопрос страноведческого характера
What was the home of the nation's newspapers till the recent past?
a) Roman fortification |
b) Fleet Street |
c) Greenwich |
d) Wall Street |
Задание 4. Выберите реплику, соответствующую телефонному разговору
A- This is Otto Kunstler from Swiss Trading Associates calling for Tom Jones. B- _______________________________________.
A- Yes: it is K-U-N-S-T-L-E-R.
a) Sorry, the line is busy. b) One moment, please, I’m ringing.
c) Would you spell your name, please? d) Yes, please
Задание 5. Определите главную идею текста
a)British Banking System
b)Fleet Street Companies
c)Marketing Research: Key Players
d)Microeconomics and Macroeconomics
The major actors in a company's microenvironment are the company itself, suppliers, market intermediaries, customers and competitors. Let us consider the roles of each of them. The company itself and all the departments within a company (e.g.
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production, finance, and personnel) have an impact on the marketing department's plans and actions.
The suppliers are also important. Changes in the supplier environment, such as price and availability of raw materials, have a considerable impact on a company's marketing operations.
The market intermediaries such as middlemen such as agents, wholesalers and retailers, are powerful actors. In some cases they can dictate term and even bar the manufacturer from certain markets.
Customers. The marketer needs to know what people are involved in the buying decision and what role each person plays. For many products, it is not difficult to identify the decision-maker. Men normally choose their own shoes and women choose their own make-up. However, some products and especially new ones may involve more than one person in decision-making.
Competitors. A company's marketing system is greatly influenced by a host of competitors. The best way for a company is grasp the full range of its competition is to take the viewpoint of a buyer.
There are four steps in the market research process: defining the problem, developing the research plan, implementing the plan, and interpreting and presenting the findings.
Задание 6. Определите вид представленного документа
a) Cover Letter |
b) Enquiry |
c) Order |
d) Claim |
Dear Ms. Robinson: |
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With reference to your Ad in today's Financial World, I would like to be considered for the above-mentioned opening.
My recent position is a bookkeeper of finance department. I was hired by this company eight years ago and have profound experience in this field. I appreciate the