427

ɡɚɧɧɨɣ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɂɦɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɨɜ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɨ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶ-

ɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ ɡɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ

ɉɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɟ Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨ ɧɨ-

ɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɵ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɭɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɣ ɟɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ Ɋɟɡɨɥɸɰɢɹ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɩɚɪɥɚ- ɦɟɧɬɚ ɨɬ ɹɧɜɚɪɹ ɝ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɢɡɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɸ ɧɨ- ɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɜ ɫɬɪɚɧɚɯ-ɱɥɟɧɚɯ ȿɜɪɨɩɟɣɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɨɸɡɚ ɤɚɤ ɩɭɛɥɢɱ-

ɧɭɸ ɫɥɭɠɛɭ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɢɪɭɟɦɭɸ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɢɥɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɭɫɬɚɜɚ ɢ ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-

ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɦɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ȼɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɵɟ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ

ɩɚɥɚɬ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɨɫɩɚɪɢɜɚɟɦɵɯ ɩɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹɯ Ɉɫɧɨɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ ɩ 3 ɱ 5 ɫɬ 12, ɱ 2 ɫɬ 17 ɢ ɱ ɫɬ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɢɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɫɭ-

ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɤɚɤ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ

ɨɪɝɚɧɵ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɪɟɝɢɫɬɪɢɪɭɸɬ ɭɫɬɚɜɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶ-

ɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ ɢ ɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɩɪɨɜɟɪɹɸɬ ɢɯ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɭ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɦɢ ɩɚɥɚɬɚɦɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚɦɢ ɡɚ-

ɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ ɱ ɫɬ 9, ɫɬ Ɉɫɧɨɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ

ɊɎ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ

ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɨɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɧɵɯ ɡɚ- ɤɨɧɨɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɩɨɞɧɚɞɡɨɪɧɨ ɩɪɨɤɭɪɚɬɭɪɟ ɩ 2 ɫɬ 1, ɩ 1 ɫɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ɉ ɩɪɨɤɭɪɚɬɭɪɟ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ

Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɞɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶɧɨ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɫɬɚɬɢɫɬɢɤɢ ɢ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦ ɫɬ 32 ɢ 33 Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ

ɡɚɤɨɧɚ Ɉ ɧɟɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɯ

40

Ɉɬɤɚɡ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɧɟ- ɩɪɚɜɢɥɶɧɨɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɨɛɠɚɥɭ-

ɸɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɇɨ ɤɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫɨ ɫɬ ɱ Ʉɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɢ ɊɎ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɢɢ Ɂɚɤɨɧɚ ɊɎ Ɉɛ ɨɛɠɚɥɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɜ ɫɭɞ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɚɪɭɲɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɫɭɞɵ ɜɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɬɶ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɢ ɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɢɥɢ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ

ɇɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɥɚɬɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɜɨɸ ɪɚɛɨɬɭ ɧɚ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɚɯ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ȼɵɫɲɢɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɦ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɉɪɢ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɧɨ- ɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚɦɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸ-

ɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ ɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɠɟɪɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɫɨɜɟ-

ɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ Ɋɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɨɣ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟɦ

ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɧɨɬɚ- ɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɉɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɹ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶ-

ɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɢ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬɚ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɧɨɬɚɪɢ-

ɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ Ⱦɥɹ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɵ ɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬɚɯ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɪɚɡɦɟɪɚ ɱɢɫɥɟɧ-

ɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɮɚɤɬɨɪɨɜ ɨɛɪɚɡɭɸɬɫɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɤɨɦɢɬɟɬɵ ɢ ɫɨɜɟɬɵ ɩɨ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹɦ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶ-

ɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɷɬɢɤɟ ɢɥɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɱɟɫɬɢ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɩɨ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɤɜɚɥɢ-

ɮɢɤɚɰɢɢ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɩɨ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɭ ɢ ɧɨɪɦɨɬɜɨɪɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɧɚɭɱɧɨ-ɦɟɬɨɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɫɨɜɟɬ ɢ ɬ ɞ

Ⱦɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɊɎ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ ɊɎ ɢ

41

ɫɜɨɢɦ ɭɫɬɚɜɨɦ ɇɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɥɚɬɚ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɤɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɨɥɶɤɭ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɷɬɨ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɭɫɬɚɜɧɵɯ ɡɚɞɚɱ ɂɦɭ-

ɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɧɟ ɨɛɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɦ ɧɚ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɣ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɟɞɢɧɭɸ ɡɚɪɚɧɟɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɨ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɭ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧ-

ɧɭɸ ɩɨ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɭ ɫɢɫɬɟɦɭ ɫɨɫɬɨɹɳɭɸ ɢɡ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɧɵɯ ɜ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɩɚɥɚɬɭ

ɇɟɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɧɨ- ɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɨɛ ɨɛɹɡɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɱɥɟɧɫɬɜɟ ɜ ɧɨɬɚ-

ɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɤɚɤ ɬɚɤɨɜɨɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɨɜɥɟɱɶ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɟɝɨ ɞɟɹ- ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɱɥɟɧɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɟ ɢ ɫɜɹ-

ɡɚɧɧɨɟ ɫ ɧɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɨɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɜ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɨɬ ɤɚɤɢɯ-ɥɢɛɨ ɢɧɵɯ ɧɟ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɨɬ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɜɫɬɭ- ɩɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɜɡɧɨɫɨɜ.

ȼ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɱ ɫɬ Ɉɫɧɨɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɥɚɬɚ

ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɨɤɚ- ɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɦ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚ-

ɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɥɢɰ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɠ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨ-

ɬɨɜɤɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ

ɜɨɡɦɟɳɚɟɬ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɩɨ ɞɟɥɚɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭ- ɫɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ-

ɫɬɢ

42

Ɉɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɟɝɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɧɟɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɚ ɛɟɡ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɳɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶ- ɧɨɝɨ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ ɋɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɬ 26 Ɉɫɧɨɜ ɜɵɫɲɢɣ ɨɪɝɚɧ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɟɟ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɉɪɢ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚ- ɧɢɢ ɱɥɟɧɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ-

ɦɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɦɢɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɞɚɸɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɪɟɲɚɸɳɟɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ ɚ ɩɨɦɨɳɧɢɤɢ ɢ ɫɬɚɠɟɪɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɦ ɫɨɜɟɳɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɥɨɫɚ

ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɦɟɠɞɭ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɹɦɢ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶ- ɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɹɬ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟɦ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ ɧɨɬɚ-

ɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ ɉɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɬɫɹ Ɉɫɧɨ-

ɜɚɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɟɟ ɭɫɬɚɜɨɦ Ɍɚɤ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɬ 25 Ɉɫɧɨɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚ-

ɬɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɚɥɚɬɚ

ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢ ɡɚɳɢɳɚɟɬ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɨɤɚ- ɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɢɦ ɩɨɦɨɳɶ ɢ ɫɨɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɜ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚ-

ɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɥɢɰ ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɠ- ɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɨɞɝɨ-

ɬɨɜɤɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ

ɜɨɡɦɟɳɚɟɬ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɵ ɧɚ ɷɤɫɩɟɪɬɢɡɵ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɵɟ ɫɭ-

ɞɨɦ ɩɨ ɞɟɥɚɦ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɫɬɪɚɯɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ

ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɧɵɦ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɜɨɩɪɨɫ ɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɛɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɞɟɥ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɩɪɚɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ

ȼ ɧɚɫɬɨɹɳɟɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɫɨɝɥɚɫɧɨ ɫɬ ȽɉɄ ɊɎ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɹɯ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɬɶ-

ɫɹ ɜ ɫɭɞ ɫ ɡɚɹɜɥɟɧɢɟɦ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɩɪɚɜ ɫɜɨɛɨɞ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɩɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɨɫɶɛɟ ɥɢɛɨ ɜ ɡɚɳɢɬɭ ɩɪɚɜ

43

ɜɨɞɹɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɨɣ ɢɡɛɪɚɧɧɵɟ ɬɚɣɧɵɦ ɝɨɥɨɫɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɩɪɟɡɢɞɟɧɬ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚ-

ɥɚɬɵ ɉɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ ɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɢɹ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɩɪɟɡɢ-

ɞɟɧɬɚ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɪɟɝɥɚɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɬɫɹ ɭɫɬɚɜɨɦ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ

Ɋɚɡɦɟɪ ɜɡɧɨɫɨɜ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɯ ɩɥɚɬɟɠɟɣ ɱɥɟɧɨɜ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɵɯ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɟɟ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɪɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɟɥɟɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶ-

ɧɵɯ ɩɚɥɚɬ Ɉɪɝɚɧɵ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɬ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɚ

ɧɢɯ Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ ɮɭɧɤ- ɰɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹ-

ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ɍɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɧɟ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɧɟɩɨɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɨɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɹ ɡɚ ɧɨɬɚ- ɪɢɚɬɨɦ ɚ ɪɟɲɚɟɬ ɧɚɢɛɨɥɟɟ ɡɧɚɱɢɦɵɟ ɜɨɩɪɨɫɵ ɧɨɬɚ-

ɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɩɟɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɫɭ- ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ Ɉɪɝɚɧ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɨ ɫ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɨɣ

ɭɱɪɟɠɞɚɟɬ ɢ ɥɢɤɜɢɞɢɪɭɟɬ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ

ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɥɢɱɟɫɬɜɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɜ ɤɚɠɞɨɦ ɢɡ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɤɪɭɝɨɜ

ɢɡɦɟɧɹɟɬ ɬɟɪɪɢɬɨɪɢɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ

ɮɨɪɦɢɪɭɟɬ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɸ ɜ ɫɨɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɨ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɣ ɤɨɦɢɫ-

ɫɢɢ ɩɨɞ ɩɪɟɞɫɟɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ

ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɟɬ ɩɪɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɧɤɭɪɫɨɜ ɧɚ ɜɚɤɚɧɬɧɵɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɢɡ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɥɢɰ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɨ

46

ɩɪɟɬɟɧɞɨɜɚɬɶ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ

ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɩɟɪɟɞɚɱɟ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɯɪɚ-

ɧɹɳɢɯɫɹ ɭ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɱɶɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹ ɩɪɟɤɪɚɳɚɸɬɫɹ ɞɪɭɝɨɦɭ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɭ

ɧɚɞɟɥɹɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɥɢɰɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɚɦɟ-

ɳɚɸɳɟɟ ɨɬɫɭɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɩɨ ɩɪɟɞɥɨɠɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɦɟɳɚɟɦɨɝɨ ɢɡ ɱɢɫɥɚ ɥɢɰ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɫɬ Ɉɫɧɨɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ

ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɤɨɧɬɪɨɥɶ ɡɚ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɥɨɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɚ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɊɎ ɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɚ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɸɬ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɢɦɟɸɳɢɦ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛɪɚ-

ɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɝɨɞɚ Ɍɚɤɨɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦɟɪɧɨ ɩɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɜɨ ɜɫɹɤɨɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɫɨɛɟɧ-

ɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɧɢ ɟɫɬɶ ɢ ɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɟ ɋɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɚ ɜ ɨɞɢɧ ɝɨɞ ɷɬɨ ɬɨɬ ɨɩɬɢɦɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɣ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦ ɞɥɹ ɩɨɡɧɚɧɢɹ ɡɚ- ɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɜɵɪɚɛɨɬɤɢ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɉɪɨ-

ɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɨɝɨ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɚ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɹɟɬ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɬɟɥɹ ɧɚ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹ-

ɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɇɨɬɚɪɢɭɫ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɜɵɫɲɟɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɨɛ-

ɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɨɧ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧ ɛɵɬɶ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɧɵɦ ɢ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɧɵɦ ɱɟɥɨɜɟɤɨɦ Ɂɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɬɪɟɛɭɟɬ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫ ɪɚɡɴɹɫ-

ɧɹɥ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɨɛɪɚɬɢɜɲɢɦɫɹ ɤ ɧɟɦɭ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦ ɢ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɧɟɨɫɜɟɞɨɦɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɧɢɯ ɧɟ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɢɥɚ ɢɦ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ

ɗɤɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɟɬ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɫɨ- ɫɬɨɹɳɚɹ ɢɡ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɭɱɟ-

ɧɵɯ Ʉɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɚɹ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɟɬ 1 ɪɚɡɚ ɜ ɝɨɞ ȼɫɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɩɪɨɲɟɞɲɢɟ ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɭ ɭ ɧɨ-

ɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɵ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɢɬɶ ɧɚ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɟ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɢ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɚɦɢ ɨɛ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɡɵɜ

47

ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɨ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɢ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɬɟɥɹ Ȼɟɡ ɷɬɢɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɤɨɦɢɫɫɢɹ ɧɟ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɬɟɥɹ ɤ ɫɞɚɱɟ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɨɜ

Ʌɢɰɚ ɫɞɚɜɲɢɟ ɤɜɚɥɢɮɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɷɤɡɚɦɟɧɵ ɜɩɪɚɜɟ ɩɨɥɭɱɢɬɶ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɸ ɧɚ ɩɪɚɜɨ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟ-

ɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɋɚɦɚ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɹ ɧɟ ɞɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɩɪɢɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ ɤ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɧɚ ɫɜɢɞɟɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɥɢɰɚ ɢɦɟɸɳɟɝɨ ɥɢɰɟɧɡɢɸ ɤ ɷɬɨɣ ɪɚɛɨ-

ɬɟ Ɋɚɡɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɧɚ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɩɪɢɤɚɡ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɢɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɭɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɚɤɬɚ

Ɉɫɧɨɜɵ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɸɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɹɟɦɨɝɨ ɫɨɜɦɟɫɬɧɵɦ ɪɟɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɚ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɵ Ɉɞɧɚ-

ɤɨ ɜ ɥɸɛɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɲɟɫɬɢ ɦɟɫɹɰɟɜ ɋɨɤɪɚɳɟɧɢɟ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɞɥɹ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɪɚɛɨɬɚɸɳɢɯ ɩɨ ɞɚɧɧɨɣ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟ ɦɟɧɟɟ ɬɪɟɯ ɥɟɬ ɉɪɚɤɬɢɤɚ ɩɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɬɚɤɨɣ ɫɪɨɤ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɬɶɫɹ ɞɥɹ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɸɫɬɢɰɢɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɩɪɨɛɥɟ- ɦɚɦɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɬɚ ɫɭɞɟɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɩɪɨɤɭɪɚɬɭɪɵ ɗɬɢ ɤɚɬɟ-

ɝɨɪɢɢ ɸɪɢɫɬɨɜ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɫɬɚɥɤɢɜɚɸɬɫɹ ɫ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɚ ɩɨɬɨɦɭ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɯɨɪɨɲɨ ɡɧɚɤɨɦɵ ɫ ɷɬɨɣ ɨɛɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɸɪɢɫɩɪɭɞɟɧɰɢɢ

ɉɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɬɚɠɢɪɨɜɤɢ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɫ ɨɬɪɵɜɨɦ ɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɫ ɢɯ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟɦ Ⱦɟɥɨ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɤɚɧɞɢɞɚɬ ɧɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɞɨɥɠɟɧ ɩɨɫɬɨɹɧɧɨ ɧɚɯɨɞɢɬɶɫɹ ɜ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɤɨɧɬɨɪɟ ɩɨɦɨɝɚɬɶ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɭ ɜ ɩɨɞɝɨɬɨɜɤɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɨɜ ɪɚɡɴɹɫɧɟɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦ ɡɚɤɨ-

ɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɬɶ ɢɧɵɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɦ ɫɨɝɥɚɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ȼ ɩɟɪɢɨɞ ɩɪɨɯɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɠɢ-

48

ɪɨɜɤɢ ɫɨɢɫɤɚɬɟɥɶ ɩɨɫɟɳɚɟɬ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɧɹɬɢɹ ɨɪɝɚ-

ɧɢɡɨɜɚɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɩɚɥɚɬɨɣ ɇɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɵ ɧɟɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨ ɨɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɹɜɥɹɸɬɫɹ ɥɢ ɨɧɢ ɝɨɫɭ-

ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɢɥɢ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɢɦɟ-

ɸɬ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɬ ɟ ɨɧɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɚɸɬ ɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɜɫɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɪɚɜɧɵɟ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɟɫɬɶ ɞɜɚ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɞɥɹ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɤ

ɢ ɞɥɹ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɯ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ Ɉɫɧɨɜɚɦɢ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɥɚ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɵ ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɬɚɦ ɝɞɟ ɢɯ ɧɟɬ ɧɚɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɞɟɥɚ ɜɟɞɭɬ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɬɚ- ɪɢɭɫɨɜ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɵ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɱɚɫɬ-

ɧɨɣ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɨɣ ɡɚ ɜɫɟ ɫɜɨɢ ɨɲɢɛɤɢ ɨɬɜɟɱɚɸɬ ɜɫɟɦ ɫɜɨɢɦ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɦ

Ⱦɨɤɭɦɟɧɬɵ ɨɮɨɪɦɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɱɚɫɬɧɵɦ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɨɦ ɢɦɟɸɬ ɨɞɢɧɚɤɨɜɭɸ ɫɢɥɭ ɬ ɟ ɞɨɤɭ-

ɦɟɧɬɵ ɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɸɬɫɹ ɜɫɟɦɢ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɦɢ ɥɢɰɚɦɢ ɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɚɦɢ

ɉɨɞɜɨɞɹ ɩɪɨɦɟɠɭɬɨɱɧɵɣ ɢɬɨɝ ɩɨɡɜɨɥɢɦ ɫɟɛɟ ɫɮɨɪɦɭ-

ɥɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɨɧɹɬɢɟ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ ɜ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɦ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɵɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɚ ɫɚɦɨɭɩɪɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ- ɫɹ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɫɨɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɥɚɫɬɧɵ- ɦɢ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɸɳɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɢɦɟɧɢ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣ-

ɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɡɚɳɢɬɟ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɵɯ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɨɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɢ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɥɢɰ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɨɜ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɢɡɦɚ ɛɟɫɩɪɢɫɬɪɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɧɟɡɚ-

ɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɚɧɚɥɢɡɢɪɨɜɚɜ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɭɸ ɨɫɧɨɜɭ ɪɟɝɥɚ-

ɦɟɧɬɢɪɭɸɳɭɸ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ

49

Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢɯɨɞɢɦ ɤ ɜɵɜɨɞɭ ɨ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫ ɨɛɥɚ- ɞɚɟɬ ɩɨɦɢɦɨ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɦ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚ- ɜɨɜɵɦ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɨɦ ɩɨɞ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɦ ɩɪɟɞɥɚɝɚɟɦ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɫɨɜɨ-

ɤɭɩɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɝɚɪɚɧɬɢɣ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɦɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɜ ɨɬ- ɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɢɧɚ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɧɚɞɟɥɟɧ-

ɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɢɹɦɢ ɧɨɬɚɪɢɭɫɚ

50

1.2. ̸̨̛̖̬̖̯̖̭ ̛̖ ̨̨̪̬̭̼ ̸̛̛̬̖̭̀̔ ̨̜ ̨̯ ̖̯̭̯ ̨̛̖̦̦̭̯ ̨̛̦̯̬̱̭̌̌͘ ʦ̛̼̔ ̨̯ ̖̯̭̯ ̨̛̖̦̦̭̯ ̨̛̦̯̬̱̭̌̌

ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɢ-

ɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɦɟɪ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɥɢɰɭ ɡɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɜɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɝɨɫɭ- ɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɥɢɰɟ ɟɝɨ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧ-

ɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ ɧɚ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɜɚɬɶ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ ɥɢɲɟɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɫɨɞɟɹɧɧɨɟ ɥɢɱɧɨ ɢɦ ɢ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɢɪɨɜɚɬɶ ɩɪɢɱɢ-

ɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɞɟɹɧɢɟɦ ɜɪɟɞ ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɸɳɚɹ ɜɫɥɟɞ-

ɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɫɨɛɨɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟ-

ɧɢɟ ɨɫɨɛɨɝɨ ɪɨɞɚ Ɏɚɤɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɬɚɜɢɬ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ɜ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟ-

ɫɤɭɸ ɫɜɹɡɶ ɫ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨɦ ɜ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɣ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜ ɥɢɰɟ ɤɨɦɩɟɬɟɧɬɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɵɯ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɚ ɚ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚ-

ɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɢ ɭɩɨɥɧɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɚɹ ɢ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɚɹ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸɬ ɫɬɪɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɧɚ ɨɫɧɨɜɟ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɵɯ ɫɚɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚ-

ɬɪɢɜɚɸɳɢɯ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɢɞ ɢ ɦɟɪɭ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɡɚ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ

ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɨɬɪɚɫɥɟɜɨɣ ɩɪɢɧɚɞɥɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢ- ɱɟɫɤɢɯ ɧɨɪɦ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɳɢɯ ɬɚɤɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɪɚɡ-

ɥɢɱɚɸɬɫɹɄɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞ-

ɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɚ ɞɥɹ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɧɵɯ ɥɢɰ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɪ-

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ɝɚɧɨɜ ɞɟɩɭɬɚɬɨɜ ɉɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɵɦ ɢ ɢɡɛɢɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨɦ

Ⱦɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɢɢ ɧɚ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɜɡɵ-

ɫɤɚɧɢɹ ɡɚ ɧɟɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɧɟɧɚɞɥɟɠɚɳɟɟ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɢɥɢ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɶɸ ɪɭɤɨɜɨɞɢɬɟɥɹ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɟ

ɚɤɬɵ ɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɹɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɷɬɨ Ɍɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ ɊɎ Ⱦɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɍɫɬɚɜ ȼɨɨɪɭɠɟɧ-

ɧɵɯ ɋɢɥ ɊɎ Ⱦɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɣ ɍɫɬɚɜ ɨɪɝɚɧɨɜ ɜɧɭɬɪɟɧɧɢɯ ɞɟɥ ɊɎ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ ɢɡɞɚɜɚɟɦɵɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱ-

ɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɥɨɤɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɚɤɬɵ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ ɧɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɪɟɱɚɳɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɸ- ɳɟɦɭ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɞɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɭ ɍɫɬɚɜɵ ɉɨɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɵɯ ɨɛɴɟɞɢɧɟɧɢɣ ɢ ɬ ɩȺɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ

ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɪ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜ-

ɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɩɪɨɱɢɯ ɦɟɪ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɝɨ ɤ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɥɢɰɚɦ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɚ- ɬɢɜɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɚɤɬ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟɞɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɛ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹɯ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬ-

ɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɟ Ʉɨɞɟɤɫɵ Ɂɚɤɨɧɵ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɨɜ Ɋɨɫɫɢɢ ȼ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɭɸ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜɭɸ ɨɬ-

ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɞɪɭɝɢɟɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɪɝɚɧɚɦɢ

ɢɫɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɦɟɪ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɤ ɥɢɰɚɦ ɭɤɥɨɧɹ-

ɸɳɢɦɫɹ ɨɬ ɭɩɥɚɬɵ ɧɚɥɨɝɨɜ ɇɚɥɚɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɫ ɇɚɥɨɝɨɜɵɦ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɨɦ ɊɎ ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɨɧɚ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɹɟɬ ɢɡ ɫɟɛɹ ɨɬɞɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɜɢɞ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɚ ɤ

52

ɧɟɣ ɧɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɟɝɨ ɨɬ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɤ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜ-

ɧɨɣ ɢɥɢ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢɍɝɨɥɨɜɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɭɞɟɛ-

ɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɤ ɥɢɰɭ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɦɭ ɜ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɢ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟ-

ɧɢɹ ȿɞɢɧɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɤɬ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ

ɯɨɞɢɬ ɢɡ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɢ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɧɟɢɦɭ-

ɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɣ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɣ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɣ ɚɤɬ Ƚɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɢɣ ɤɨɞɟɤɫ Ɋɨɫɫɢɣɫɤɨɣ Ɏɟ-

ɞɟɪɚɰɢɢɆɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɜɨɡ-

ɦɟɳɟɧɢɢ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɪɟɞɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɪɟɡɭɥɶ-

ɬɚɬɟ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɵɯ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɣ ɩɪɢ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɇɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɭɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɫɭɬ ɪɚ- ɛɨɬɧɢɤɢ ɡɚ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɸ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚ- ɰɢɢ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɸ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɹɬɢɹ ɭɱɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɪɝɚ-

ɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɡɚ ɭɳɟɪɛ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɚɦ ɭɜɟɱɶɟɦ ɢɥɢ ɢɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɡɞɨɪɨɜɶɹ

ɋɟɦɟɣɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɟ ɫɭɞɨɦ ɦɟɪ ɤ ɥɢɰɭ ɧɟɞɨɛɪɨɫɨɜɟɫɬɧɨ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɹɸɳɟɦɭ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɪɟ- ɩɥɟɧɧɵɟ ɜ ɋɟɦɟɣɧɨɦ ɤɨɞɟɤɫɟ ɊɎ Ʉ ɦɟɪɚɦ ɫɟɦɟɣɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨ-

ɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɦɨɝɭɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɬɧɟɫɟɧɵ ɥɢɲɶ ɥɢɲɟɧɢɟ ɪɨɞɢɬɟɥɶɫɤɢɯ ɩɪɚɜ ɨɬɫɬɪɚɧɟɧɢɟ ɨɩɟɤɭɧɚ ɢ ɩɨɩɟɱɢɬɟɥɹ ɨɬ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɹ ɢɦɢ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɨɬɦɟɧɚ ɭɫɵɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɹɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɵɧɨɜɢ-

ɬɟɥɹ ɉɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɢɬɶ

ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɱɚɫɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɫɭɞɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɚ ɩɪɚ-

ɜɢɥ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɫɭɞɟ

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Ɇɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜɢɞ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɵɣ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɵɦɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɹɦɢ ɤ ɩɭɛɥɢɱɧɵɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɢɥɨ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚɦ ɡɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɪɦ ɦɟɠɞɭɧɚɪɨɞɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɚ

ȼ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɨɞɯɨɞɚ ɦɨɠɧɨ ɩɨ-ɪɚɡɧɨɦɭ ɨɩɪɟɞɟ- ɥɹɬɶ ɤɨɝɞɚ ɜɨɡɧɢɤɚɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɟ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬ- ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɩɪɟɬɟɪɩɟɜɚɧɢɹ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɦɟɪ ɝɨɫɭ-

ɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɪɢɧɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɫ ɦɨɦɟɧɬɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɦ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ

ȼɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ ɪɟɬɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɫɬɨɪɨɧɵ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɋɟɬɪɨɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɷɬɨ ɪɟ-

ɡɭɥɶɬɚɬ ɞɟɹɧɢɹ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɺɧɧɨɝɨ ɜ ɩɪɨɲɥɨɦ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɨɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɥɢɰɨɦ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɨɣ ɜɚɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɫɜɨɟɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ-

ɫɬɢ ɢ ɟɺ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɵɯ ɧɟɛɥɚɝɨɩɪɢɹɬɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɤɚɤ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɜ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɢ ɫɟɛɹ ɉɪɢ ɜɫɟɣ ɨɱɟɜɢɞɧɨɣ ɨɬɨɪɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɟɪɫɩɟɤɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɩɪɚɤɬɢɤɢ ɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɦɟɬɨɞɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɧɨɜɨɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɵɞɟɥɟɧɢɹ ɜ ɱɚɫɬɧɨɫɬɢ ɤɨɧɫɬɢɬɭɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɵɯ ɦɟɪ

ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɐɟɥɶɸ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬ-

ɧɨɟ ɩɪɨɹɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɳɢɯ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɚ ȼ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟ ɬɚɤɨɜɵɯ ɜɵ- ɫɬɭɩɚɸɬ ɡɚɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɢɪɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɚ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɗɬɢ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɨɛɭɫɥɨɜɥɢɜɚɸɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɉɨɫɤɨɥɶɤɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɭɱɚɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɜ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɨɯ- ɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɢ ɬɨ ɢ ɟɺ ɰɟɥɶ ɜ ɨɛɳɟɣ ɮɨɪɦɟ ɦɨɠ- ɧɨ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɶ ɤɚɤ ɨɯɪɚɧɭ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɫɬɪɨɹ ɢ ɨɛɳɟ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ Ɉɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɟ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɚɹ ɤ ɤɨɧɤɪɟɬɧɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɸ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɨɯɪɚɧɨɣ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɣ ɛɨɥɟɟ ɭɡɤɭɸ ɰɟɥɶ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɉɪɢ ɷɬɨɦ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɹ ɦɟɪɭ ɩɪɢ-

54

ɧɭɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɟɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɟɳɺ ɨɞɧɭ ɰɟɥɶ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɢ ɫɩɟɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɟ-

ɜɟɧɰɢɹ ɋɪɟɞɢ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɣ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɵɞɟɥɹɸɬ

ɲɬɪɚɮɧɭɸ ɤɚɪɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ Ɉɧɚ ɜɵɫɬɭɩɚɟɬ ɤɚɤ ɪɟɚɤɰɢɹ ɨɛ- ɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɜ ɥɢɰɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɧɚ ɜɪɟɞ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɵɣ ɩɪɚɜɨ- ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɟɦ ɉɪɟɠɞɟ ɜɫɟɝɨ ɷɬɨ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢ-

ɬɟɥɹ ɤɨɬɨɪɨɟ ɟɫɬɶ ɧɟ ɱɬɨ ɢɧɨɟ ɤɚɤ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɚɦɨɡɚɳɢɬɵ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɨɬ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɟɝɨ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɇɚ-

ɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɸ ɞɭɯɨɜɧɵɯ ɥɢɱɧɵɯ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɪɟɦɟɧɟɧɢɣ Ɉɧɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɭɟɬɫɹ ɥɢɛɨ ɩɭɬɟɦ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɫɬɚɬɭɫɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ɱɟɪɟɡ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɟ ɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜ ɢ ɫɜɨɛɨɞ ɥɢɛɨ ɜɨɡɥɨɠɟɧɢɹ ɧɚ ɧɟɝɨ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ

Ɉɞɧɚɤɨ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɚɦɨ-

ɰɟɥɶɸ Ɉɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɫɪɟɞɫɬɜɨɦ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɹɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢɢ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɋɥɟɞɨ-

ɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɢ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ Ɋɟɚɥɢɡɭɹ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɧɚ ɫɨɡɧɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨ-

ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ɗɬɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɭɫɬɪɚɲɟɧɢɢ ɞɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɟ ɧɟɢɡɛɟɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɬɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɭɩɪɟɠɞɟɧɢɢ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɉɪɢɱɟɦ ɩɪɟɞ- ɭɩɪɟɞɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɟ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɨɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɧɟ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɧɚ ɫɚ-

ɦɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɨɤɪɭɠɚɸɳɢɯ Ɍɟɦ ɫɚɦɵɦ ɞɨɫɬɢɝɚɟɬɫɹ ɬɚɤ ɧɚɡɵɜɚɟɦɚɹ ɨɛɳɚɹ ɩɪɟɜɟɧɰɢɹ

ɇɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɨ ɢ ɧɚ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟ- ɥɹ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɦɟɟɬ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɜɨɫ- ɩɢɬɚɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ ɗɮɮɟɤɬɢɜɧɚɹ ɛɨɪɶɛɚ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟ-

ɥɹɦɢ ɫɜɨɟɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨɟ ɢ ɧɟɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɦɨɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɵɯ ɫɨɡɞɚɸɬ ɭ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧ ɩɪɟɞɫɬɚɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɨ ɧɟɡɵɛɥɟɦɨɫɬɢ ɫɭɳɟ-

55

ɫɬɜɭɸɳɟɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɹɸɬ ɜɟɪɭ ɜ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢ-

ɜɨɫɬɶ ɢ ɦɨɳɶ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɣ ɜɥɚɫɬɢ ɭɜɟɪɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɱɬɨ ɢɯ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɢ ɢɧɬɟɪɟɫɵ ɛɭɞɭɬ ɧɚɞɟɠɧɨ ɡɚɳɢɳɟɧɵ ɗɬɨ ɜ ɫɜɨɸ ɨɱɟɪɟɞɶ ɫɩɨɫɨɛɫɬɜɭɟɬ ɩɨɜɵɲɟɧɢɸ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɤɭɥɶɬɭɪɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɵ ɝɪɚɠ- ɞɚɧ ɚɤɬɢɜɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɢɯ ɩɨɥɢɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɢ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨ- ɫɬɢ ɚ ɜ ɤɨɧɟɱɧɨɦ ɫɱɟɬɟ ɭɤɪɟɩɥɟɧɢɸ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɭɫɬɨɣ-

ɱɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɩɨɪɹɞɤɚ ȼ ɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɦ ɱɢɫɥɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɟɜ ɦɟɪɵ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬ-

ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɩɪɚɜɥɟɧɵ ɧɟ ɧɚ ɮɨɪɦɚɥɶɧɨɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɚ ɧɚ ɬɨ ɱɬɨɛɵ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɬɶ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɣ ɢɧɬɟ-

ɪɟɫ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ ɭɩɪɚɜɨɦɨɱɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɫɭɛɴɟɤɬɚ ɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɶ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɵɦ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɟ ɨɬɧɨɲɟɧɢɹ ȼ ɷɬɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɨɫɭ-

ɳɟɫɬɜɥɹɟɬ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɫɫɬɚɧɨɜɢɬɟɥɶɧɭɸ ɤɨɦɩɟɧɫɚɰɢɨɧɧɭɸ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɸ

Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɚ ɜ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɦ ɫ ɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶɸ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɚ ɫ ɨɯɪɚɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɣ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɟɣ ɩɪɚɜɚ ɇɨ ɨɧɚ ɜɵɩɨɥɧɹɟɬ ɢ ɫɜɨɣ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɩɪɚɜɭ ɜ ɰɟɥɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɳɭɸ ɪɟɝɭɥɹɬɢɜɧɭɸ ɪɨɥɶ ɍɠɟ ɫɚɦ ɮɚɤɬ ɫɭɳɟɫɬɜɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢ ɧɟɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɤɚ-

ɡɚɧɢɹ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɭɸɳɢɟ ɧɚɱɚɥɚ ɜ ɞɟɹɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɚ

ȼ ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɧɚɭɤɟ ɪɚɡɥɢɱɚɸɬ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩɵ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢ-

ɜɨɫɬɶ ɧɟɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɡɚ ɜɢɧɭ ɧɟɞɨɩɭɫɬɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɭɞɜɨɟɧɢɹ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɚ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɩɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɝɭ-

ɦɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɡɚɤɨɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɬɨɱɧɨɦ ɢ ɧɟɭɤɥɨɧ-

ɧɨɦ ɢɫɩɨɥɧɟɧɢɢ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɭɝɨ-

56

ɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɞɢɫ-

ɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɋɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɤɚɤ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɧɟ- ɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɟ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɟ ɞɨɫɬɢɠɟɧɢɹ ɰɟɥɟɣ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɫɜɨɞɢɬɫɹ ɤ

ɬɨɦɭ ɱɬɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɧɚɫɬɭɩɚɬɶ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɡɚ ɞɟɹɧɢɟ ɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɥɢ ɛɟɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨ- ɬɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɢ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɜ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɧɨɦ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɩɨ-

ɪɹɞɤɟ Ɉɫɧɨɜɧɵɦ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟɦ ɩɪɨɰɟɫɫɭɚɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɡɚɤɨɧɚ ɹɜɥɹɟɬ-

ɫɹ ɨɛɨɫɧɨɜɚɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɸ ɬɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɭɫɬɚɧɨɜɥɟɧɢɟ ɫɚɦɨɝɨ ɮɚɤɬɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɦ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɝɨ ɞɟɹɧɢɹ ɤɚɤ ɨɛɴɟɤ-

ɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɢɫɬɢɧɵ ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɫɩɪɚɜɟɞɥɢɜɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɧɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ

ɫɨɛɥɸɞɟɧɢɹ ɫɥɟɞɭɸɳɢɯ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɣ

ɡɚɩɪɟɳɟɧɨ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɬɶ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɡɚ ɞɟ-

ɹɧɢɹ ɧɟ ɹɜɥɹɸɳɢɟɫɹ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɹɦɢ

ɡɚɤɨɧ ɭɫɬɚɧɚɜɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɢɥɢ ɭɫɢ-

ɥɢɜɚɸɳɢɣ ɟɺ ɧɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɢɦɟɬɶ ɨɛɪɚɬɧɨɣ ɫɢɥɵ

ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɫɟɝ- ɞɚ ɞɨɥɠɧɚ ɨɛɟɫɩɟɱɢɜɚɬɶ ɜɨɡɦɟɳɟɧɢɟ ɭɳɟɪɛɚ ɩɪɢɱɢɧɟɧɧɨ-

ɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ

ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɨɜɚɬɶ ɯɚɪɚɤ-

ɬɟɪɭ ɢ ɫɬɟɩɟɧɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ

ɥɢɰɨ ɧɟɫɟɬ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɲɶ ɡɚ ɫɜɨɟ ɫɨɛɫɬɜɟɧ-

ɧɨɟ ɩɨɜɟɞɟɧɢɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɟɧɢɟ ɫɥɭɱɚɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɱɭɠɭɸ ɜɢɧɭ ɩɨ ɝɪɚɠɞɚɧɫɤɨɦɭ ɩɪɚɜɭ

ɡɚ ɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨ ɥɢɲɶ ɨɞɧɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ȿɫɥɢ ɧɚɪɹɞɭ ɫ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɦ

57

ɥɢɛɨ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɦ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟɦ ɧɟ ɫɜɹɡɚɧɧɵɦ ɫ ɥɢɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɫɜɨɛɨɞɵ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɧɚɤɚɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɦ ɩɨɪɹɞɤɟ ɬɨ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɜ ɞɚɧɧɨɦ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɫɜɹɡɵɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨ ɫ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟɦ ɜɧɭɬɪɢ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɢɥ ɤɨɬɨɪɵɟ ɞɚɧɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɹɜɥɹɹɫɶ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɦ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɛɵɥɨ ɫɨɛɥɸɞɚɬɶ ɜ ɫɢɥɭ ɡɚɧɢɦɚɟɦɨɣ ɞɨɥɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɪɚɦɤɚɯ ɫɜɨɢɯ ɮɭɧɤɰɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɯ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɟɣ Ɍɚɤɢɦ ɨɛɪɚɡɨɦ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɚɹ ɨɬɜɟɬ- ɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɯɨɬɶ ɢ ɫɨɩɪɨɜɨɠɞɚɟɬ ɢɧɵɟ ɜɢɞɵ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ-

ɫɬɢ ɧɨ ɹɜɥɹɟɬɫɹ ɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟɦ ɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɵɯ ɧɨɪɦɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɩɪɟɞɩɢɫɚɧɢɣ ɬɪɭɞɨɜɨɝɨ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɥɭɠɟɛɧɨɝɨ ɯɚɪɚɤɬɟɪɚ ɪɚɫ- ɩɪɨɫɬɪɚɧɹɸɳɢɯɫɹ ɧɚ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɭɸɳɢɯ ɪɚɛɨɬɧɢɤɨɜ ɫɥɭ-

ɠɚɳɢɯ ɤɚɤ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɧɟɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɯ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪ ɜɧɟ ɡɚɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɢɯ ɨɪɝɚɧɢɡɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ

ɮɨɪɦɵ ɉɨɫɥɟɞɧɟɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɟ ɫɥɟɞɭɟɬ ɩɨɧɢɦɚɬɶ ɜ ɬɨɦ ɫɦɵɫɥɟ

ɱɬɨ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɜɡɵɫɤɚɧɢɟ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɬɨɥɶɤɨ ɨɞɢɧ ɪɚɡ ɗɬɨ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɬɨɝɨ ɱɬɨ ɩɪɢ ɧɟɨɛɯɨ-

ɞɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɡɚ ɨɞɧɨ ɩɪɨɬɢɜɨɩɪɚɜɧɨɟ ɞɟɹɧɢɟ ɧɚ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɧɚɥɨɠɟɧɨ ɤɚɤ ɨɫɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɬɚɤ ɢ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶ-

ɧɨɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɧɨɟ ɡɚɤɨɧɨɦ ɡɚ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɟ ɩɪɟɫɬɭɩɥɟɧɢɣ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɵɯ ɢ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɵɯ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ Ʉɪɨɦɟ ɬɨɝɨ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɶ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɤ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɪɚɡɥɢɱ- ɧɵɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɟɫɥɢ ɜ ɧɟɩɪɚɜɨɦɟɪɧɨɦ ɞɟɹɧɢɢ ɫɨ-

ɞɟɪɠɚɬɫɹ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɵ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɣ ɫɪɚɡɭ ɞɜɭɯ ɜɢɞɨɜ ɬɨ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɨɟ ɥɢɰɨ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɨ ɦɨɠɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɨ ɤ ɞɢɫɰɢɩɥɢɧɚɪɧɨɣ ɢ ɚɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨɣ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɢ ɝɪɚɠ- ɞɚɧɫɤɨ-ɩɪɚɜɨɜɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɬ ɩ ɧɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɧɚ- ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɝɨ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɫ ɨɞɧɨɜɪɟɦɟɧɧɵɦ ɜɨɡɥɨ-

ɠɟɧɢɟɦ ɨɛɹɡɚɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜɨɡɦɟɫɬɢɬɶ ɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɣ ɭɳɟɪɛ

58

ɘɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɬɚɤɠɟ ɧɟ ɢɫɤɥɸɱɚɟɬ ɢ ɩɪɢɦɟɧɟ-

ɧɢɹ ɤ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɸ ɦɟɪ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɝɨ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɬɚɤ ɤɚɤ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɟ ɨɛɵɱɧɨ ɟɫɬɶ ɜ ɬɨ ɠɟ ɜɪɟɦɹ ɢ ɚɦɨ-

ɪɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɩɨɫɬɭɩɨɤ ɉɪɢɧɰɢɩ ɰɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɢ ɡɚɤɥɸɱɚɟɬɫɹ ɜ ɫɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɢ

ɩɪɢɦɟɧɹɟɦɨɣ ɤ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɸ ɦɟɪɵ ɜɨɡɞɟɣɫɬɜɢɹ ɰɟɥɹɦ ɸɪɢ-

ɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɦ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟ ɐɟɥɟɫɨɨɛɪɚɡɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɪɟɞɩɨɥɚɝɚɟɬ

ɫɬɪɨɝɭɸ ɢɧɞɢɜɢɞɭɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɸ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɜ ɡɚ-

ɜɢɫɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɨɬ ɬɹɠɟɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɟɝɨ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɢɹ ɫɜɨɣɫɬɜ ɥɢɱɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɚɪɭɲɢɬɟɥɹ

ɫɦɹɝɱɟɧɢɟ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢɥɢ ɞɚɠɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɧɟɺ ɜ ɫɥɭɱɚɟ ɦɚɥɨɡɧɚɱɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɢ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭɲɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ-

ɫɭɬɫɬɜɢɢ ɜɪɟɞɧɵɯ ɩɨɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɣ ɢ ɬ ɩ

ɡɚɦɟɧɭ ɩɪɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɢ ɤ ɷɬɨɦɭ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬ-

ɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɧɟɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɉɪɢɡɧɚɜɚɹ ɛɨɥɶɲɨɟ ɡɧɚɱɟɧɢɟ ɧɟɨɬɜɪɚɬɢɦɨɫɬɢ ɸɪɢɞɢ-

ɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɞɟɦɨɤɪɚɬɢɱɟɫɤɨɟ ɝɨɫɭɞɚɪɫɬɜɨ ɜɦɟɫɬɟ ɫ ɬɟɦ ɜɨɜɫɟ ɧɟ ɫɱɢɬɚɟɬ ɱɬɨ ɤɚɠɞɨɟ ɩɪɚɜɨɧɚɪɭ-

ɲɟɧɢɟ ɜɨ ɱɬɨ ɛɵ ɬɨ ɧɢ ɫɬɚɥɨ ɞɨɥɠɧɨ ɜɥɟɱɶ ɢɦɟɧɧɨ ɷɬɭ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɚ ɧɚɡɧɚɱɟɧɧɨɟ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɟ ɜɫɟɝɞɚ ɨɬɛɵ-

ɜɚɟɬɫɹ ɩɨɥɧɨɫɬɶɸ Ɂɚɤɨɧ ɩɪɟɞɭɫɦɚɬɪɢɜɚɟɬ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɶ ɩɨɥɧɨɝɨ ɢɥɢ ɱɚɫɬɢɱɧɨɝɨ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠɞɟɧɢɹ ɨɬ ɸɪɢɞɢɱɟɫɤɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɫ ɭɱɺɬɨɦ ɨɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɧɵɯ ɨɛɫɬɨɹɬɟɥɶɫɬɜ ɇɚɩɪɢɦɟɪ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɵɣ ɡɚɤɨɧ ɞɨɩɭɫɤɚɟɬ ɩɨɥɧɨɟ ɨɫɜɨɛɨɠ-

ɞɟɧɢɟ ɨɬ ɭɝɨɥɨɜɧɨɣ ɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɟɧɧɨɫɬɢ ɢ ɨɬ ɧɚɤɚɡɚɧɢɹ ɞɚɠɟ ɜ ɩɪɟɞɟɥɚɯ ɫɪɨɤɚ ɞɚɜɧɨɫɬɢ ɟɫɥɢ ɜɫɥɟɞɫɬɜɢɟ ɢɡɦɟɧɟɧɢɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɢ ɤɨ ɜɪɟɦɟɧɢ ɪɚɫɫɥɟɞɨɜɚɧɢɹ ɢɥɢ ɪɚɫɫɦɨɬɪɟɧɢɹ ɞɟɥɚ ɜ ɫɭɞɟ ɫɨɜɟɪɲɟɧɧɨɟ ɪɚɧɟɟ ɞɟɹɧɢɟ ɭɬɪɚɱɢɜɚɟɬ ɨɛɳɟ-

ɫɬɜɟɧɧɭɸ ɨɩɚɫɧɨɫɬɶ ɥɢɛɨ ɫɚɦ ɜɢɧɨɜɧɵɣ ɩɟɪɟɫɬɚɟɬ ɛɵɬɶ ɨɛɳɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɨ ɨɩɚɫɧɵɦ

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