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5.I think that anything is prefer… to having to tell so many lies.

6.The advantage of these chairs is that they are collapse… .

7.I do hope that you find your room comfort… .

8.Why don't you go to the police? It's the sense… thing to do.

9.John takes good care of the children and is very response… .

10.I find your aunt a very disagree… person I'm afraid.

17.Complete the word in each sentence by adding an appropriate

prefix.

1.I didn't pay the bill and now the electricity has been ....connected.

2.There is a law against dropping litter, but it is rarely ....forced.

3.When the cassette finishes, don't forget to ....wind it.

4.I thought the effects in the film were rather ....done.

5.The rumours about the minister's death were completely ....founded.

6.Anyone with a ....ability may qualify for a special pension.

7.I am ....debted to you for all the help you have given me.

8.When a currency is ....valued, it is worth less internationally.

9.I found the instructions you gave us very ....leading.

10.John rents the house and I ....let a room from him.

18.Replace the words underlined in each sentence with one word ending in -ly and beginning with the letter given.

1.The country imports every year over two million tons of rice.

(a……)

2.Harry's work has improved a great deal. (c ......)

3.By coincidence, I'm driving there myself tomorrow. (C……)

4.I'll be with you straight away. (d ……)

5.The two sisters were dressed in exactly the same way. (i ……)

6.I'm afraid that Carol's writing is quite illegible. (a ……)

7.Tim only understands in a hazy manner what is going on. (v ……)

8.I think that this plan is downright ridiculous! (t ……)

9.Diana just wants to know the truth. (m ……)

10.The passengers only just escaped with their lives. (b ……)

19.Complete each word with either inor un-.

1.Why are you so ....sensitive to other people's problems?

2.The garden is divided into two ....equal parts.

3.I think you were ....justified in punishing both boys.

4.I am afraid that the world is full of ....justice.

5.This ticket is ....valid. You haven't stamped it in the machine.

6.Thank you for your help. It was ....valuable.

7.Quite honestly I find that argument ....tenable.

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8.The government's ....action can only be explained as sheer neglect.

9.The amount of food aid the country has received is quite

....sufficient.

10.Her remarks were so rude they were frankly ....printable.

20.Make a compound word in each sentence by adding the most appropriate word from the box.

pour dust flake mare quake hand fire shift sick goer

1.We used cushions and blankets as a make… bed.

2.I woke up screaming after having a terrible night… .

3.The house was severely damaged by an earth… .

4.We got soaked to the skin in a sudden down… .

5.Don't forget to tell everyone about the meeting before… .

6.The average theatre… will find this play incomprehensible.

7.After six months abroad, Angela was beginning to feel home… .

8.The floor of the workshop was covered in saw… and shavings of

wood.

9.The children made a poster based on the shape of a snow… .

10.The United Nations tried to arrange a cease… but without success.

21.Complete the compound word in each sentence.

1.One of the draw… of this car is its high petrol consumption.

2.From the hotel there is a breath… view across the canyon.

3.Peter's gambling ability gave him a nice little wind… of £300.

4.We always lock the computer in this cupboard, just as a safe…

5.If I were you, I'd spend a bit more and buy the hard… version of the

book.

6.Michael's playboy life… was the envy of all his friends.

7.That building has been ear… for redevelopment by the council.

8.We cannot take off because the run… is rather icy.

9.From my stand… , this would not be a very profitable venture.

10.There is wide… dissatisfaction with the government's policies.

22. Complete the word in each sentence with an appropriate suffix.

1.I object strongly to the commercial …. of sport.

2.Skateboarding is no longer very fashion… in this country.

3.Don't touch that glass vase! It's absolutely price… !

4.We decided to go to watch some tradition… dances in the next

village.

5.Helen's uncle turned out to be a really remark… person.

6.We have not yet received confirm… of your telephone booking.

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7.Driving on these mountain roads in winter is a bit hazard… .

8.I just couldn't put up with his relent… nagging.

9.The doctor will be available for a consult… on Thursday morning,

10.None of this work has been done properly. Don't you think you have been rather neglect…?

POLYSEMANTIC WORDS

23.Which of the following words are monosemantic (use a dictionary)?

Abandon, abdicate, aphorism, apathy, application, arch, band, behold, bronchitis, catapult, central, denture, divide, flabby, flask, intercede, measure, memorial, mischance, miser, minx, plangent, prominent, promise, promote, prompt, sinecure, upstanding, wreath, xenophobia.

24.Read the sentences (1 - 3) below. What does the word smart mean in each one (clever, fashionable, or formal)?

1.He wore a smart suit to the meeting.

2.She’s the smartest girl in her class.

3.They stayed in a smart hotel in New York.

25.Identify the meanings of the polysemantic words that they represent in the following word-combinations.

Smart, adj.: smart clothes, smart answer, smart car, smart lawyer, smart blow, smart officer, smart garden, smart punishment, smart wine, at a smart pace, smart bomb, smart materials.

Golden, adj.: golden ring, golden hair, golden opportunity, golden chain, golden wedding, the golden age, golden boy, golden deeds, golden earth, golden handcuffs, golden hello, golden hours, golden mean, golden rectangle, golden section, the golden rule, golden ball, golden gates

Sound, adj.: sound health, sound views, sound teeth, sound advice, sound whipping, sound fruit, sound constitution, sound sleeper, sound tennis player, to be of sound mind, sound timber, safe and sound, sound currency, sound title to inheritance.

Root, n.: the root of the tree, edible roots, the root of the tooth, the root of the matter, the root of all evil, square root, cube root, roots of a sea, root of a mountain, to go back to roots.

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Perform, v.: to perform a task, to perform an operation, to perform one's duty, to perform a dance, to perform a play, to perform a contract, perform on the piano.

26.Explain the logical associations in the meanings of the same words in the following word combinations. Find the examples of metaphors and metonymys.

A wing of a bird - a wing of a building - on wings of joy; an eye of a man - an eye of a needle; the heart of a man - the heart of the matter; a hand of a man - a hand of a clock - a farm hand; a foot of a man - the foot of a mountain; the coat of a girl - the coat of a dog; a star in the sky - a film star; a green leaf - green years - green with envy; warm weather - a warm welcome; black shoes - black winter - black despair; the father of the family - the father of invention; nickel'(meta1) - a nickel (coin); bronze - a bronze; glass - a glass; Ford (proper name) - a Ford (car); Kashmir (town in North India) - cashmere.

27.Which word(s) from the box could replace the words in bold in the sentences?

withdrew stopped produced damaged told off succeeded started moving opened dragged extracted

1.The lorry pulled away very slowly because of its heavy load.

2.I think I must have pulled a muscle.

3.The man pulled out a gun and aimed it at the bank clerk.

4.It was still dark when I pulled back the curtains.

5.Surprisingly, when the dentist pulled out my tooth, I didn't feel a

thing.

6.I think it's amazing that Jack pulled it off - I never thought he'd do

it.

7.The United Nations pulled out their troops from the capital.

8.Mike was pulled up by his boss for making a joke about the Chairman.

9.They pulled the heavy sandbag along as it was too heavy to carry.

10.A police car pulled up outside the Burtons' house.

28.Decide in which of the following sentences the verb run fits correctly.

1.I'll run your message to John and see what he thinks.

2.Would you like me to run you to the bus station?

3.I can't stand all the chlorine in the pool - it makes my eyes run.

4.Your home address isn't run correctly in our records.

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5.They sometimes run an extra train if they know it's going to be

busy.

6.It is thought that the total cost will run 50% higher than the estimate.

7.Well I'm extremely busy, but, at a run, I might be able to do it for

you.

8.The run of the matter is, we've decided to get married in August.

9.My contract still has six months to run.

10.Karen hasn't decided yet if she wants to run for the Presidency again this year.

29. Complete the spaces by finding one polysemantic word from the box which fits in all three sentences.

board; low; took; tread; turn;

1.Later in the programme we have highlights of two big matches played earlier today: Ajax met Juventus while Barcelona ….. on Porto. The weightlifter who allegedly ….. performance-enhancing drugs has been named today.

On my doctor’s advice, I ….. up yoga in order to relax.

2.The transfer of Mario Rossi to Manchester United has been approved by the ….. of directors.

The new pool has a slide, water chute and diving ….. .

In any game of chess, the queen is the most powerful piece on the whole

3.Right now Evans is very ….. in confidence; she needs to start winning a few races again.

There was a disappointingly ….. turnout for the youth club’s open day. When you’re cycling up a steep hill you will need to be in a ….. gear.

4.….. the earth down around the roots after you’ve planted the flower. Jim’s Dad took him out into the middle of the pool and showed him how to

…..water.

I’ve got my photos drying out on the kitchen floor, so whatever you do, don’t …..on them!

5. Unbelievable – what an amazing ….. around! Smith has come from behind to take the gold medal!

As I’d never played this card game before, the others let me have another ….. .

And Walton showed a ….. of speed that left his opponents for dead.

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30. Complete the spaces by finding one word which fits in all three sentences.

Change, lump, drowned, occupy, straight

1.Glaciers provide vital evidence of climate … What you need is not pills but a simple … of scene.

If you need money, there's some spare ... in my coat pocket.

2.Grassland and savannah … a substantial part of Southern Africa. It's a long journey - let's take some books to … the children.

The protesting students intend to … the Holman Building.

3.The vet said the … on the dog's face was not cancerous.

She had a … in her throat and a tear in her eye when she said goodbye.

Get up and do some work, you lazy …

4.Many of the wildebeest didn't make it and … half-way across the

river.

My voice was … out by the sound of builders drilling. I … my meal in sauce to hide the bitter taste.

5.The falconer trained the hawk to fly in a perfectly … line.

So let's get this … ; you say you saw the man break in through the window.

Why can't you just give me a … answer for once in your life?

31. Comment on the change of meanings in the italicized words.

1. They sat on the rug before the fireplace, watching the rising tongues of flame. 2. He inspired universal confidence and had an iron nerve. 3. He was burning with a desire to meet his old friends. 4. As I spoke, rage sparkled in my eyes. 5. Emotion squeezed Soames' heart. 6. Here was the great mysterious city which was still a magnet for her. 7. Carrie's anger melted on the instant. 8. Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.

32. Define the meanings of the italicized words in the following sentences.

1.I began to search the flat, looking in drawers and boxes to see if I could find a key. I tumbled with a sort of splash upon the keys of a piano. Now the orchestra is playing yellow cocktail music and the opera of voices pitches a key higher.

2.I sat down with my head in my hands, until I heard the phone taken up inside and the butler's voice calling a taxi. G.Quarterman possessed more power than many heads of the state.

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3.I walked into Hyde Park, fell flat upon the grass and almost immediately fell asleep.

4.Her mouth opened crookedly half an inch, and she shot a few words at one like pebbles. Would you like me to come to the mouth of the river with you? I put the letter into the mouth of the box and let it go.

HOMONYMS

Homographs

33. How would you pronounce each of the underlined words in the sentences below? Chose a word with a similar sound from the brackets.

1.The girl I live with knows a good pub with live music. (dive/give)

2.The main house houses a collection of rare stamps. (mouse/rouse)

3.They bathed the children after they had bathed in the sea. (lathe/path)

4.You sow the seeds while I feed the sow. (cow/glow)

5.The violinist in the bow tie took a bow. (allow/flow)

6.He’s the lead singer in the group ‘Lead piping’. (head/deed)

7.What a row from the last house in the row! (plough/though)

8.Does he still suffer from his war wound? (found/mooned)

9.I wound the rope around the tree to strengthen it against the gale. (round/tuned)

10.It’s quite hard to wind in the sails in this wind. (find/tinned)

Homophones

34. Find the homophones to the following words and explain their meanings.

Tale, sea, piece, week, sun, meet, steel, knight, sum, coarse, write, heir, hare.

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35.Define the meaning of following pairs of homophones:

Bear/bare, bow/ beau, soul/sole, might/mite, council/counsel, soar/sore, aisle/isle, hyper/hypo, haul/hall, right/rite, ball/bawl, beach/beech, gauge/gage, eye/aye, serge/surge, neigh/nay, chute/shoot, peal/peel, bough/bow, shoe/shoo, leek/leak, caw/core, slay/sleigh, mussel/muscle, tow/toe.

36.Now do the reverse.

A flattering remark / to make complete; main / headmaster; a male pig / a tedious person; a bucket / almost colourless; a person who never tells the truth / a musical instrument; a male child / a circular object thrown to a drowning man; time to go to sleep / a noble soldier on horseback; a story / the movable growth at the back of an animal; to inter / a small fruit; an oriental country / a large bird; a law voice / foundation; honest / the price a passenger pays; an enormous mammal that lives in the sea / to cry out; a manner of walking / it closes an opening in a wall or fence; loss or wrong use / the narrow part of a human body; a person who inherits smb’s property / the space above ground; a liquid substance giving flavour to food / a place from which smth comes ; a kind of fruit / two; head of the town council / a female horse; ungenerous / a facial expression; a hollow metal vessel which rings when struck / an attractive girl.

37. Write the word in phonetic script in the correct spelling for the context.

1.I really must do some more exercise or I’ll never lose .

2.Watching sport on TV is such a of time.

3.He broke a of glass in the kitchen window.

4.The eldest son of the monarch is the to the throne.

5.There is a hole in the of my shoe.

6.You are not to talk during the test

7.Let’s our swimming together this evening?

8.He’s going a rather difficult at the moment.

9.Don’t throw away that orange . I need it for a recipe.

37. Write one sentence using both of the words corresponding to the phonetic script.

Ex.: She was quite pale after the exertion of carrying such a heavy pail of water.

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38.Homophones and homographs are at the root of many jokes in English. Match the first part of each of these children’s jokes with the second part and then explain the play on words involved in each.

1.What did the big chimney say to the little chimney?

2.What did one lift say to the other lift?

3.What did the south wind say to the north wind?

4.Why did the man take his pencil to bed?

5.Why is history the sweetest lesson?

6.What’s the best birthday present?

7.Why can’t steam engine sit down?

8.What’s pale and trembles at the bottom of the sea?

A.Because it’s got a tender behind.

B.A drum takes a lot of beating.

C.I think I’m going down with something.

D.A nervous wreck.

E.He wanted to draw the curtains.

F.Because it’s full of dates.

G.Let’s play draughts.

H.You’re too young to smoke.

39.Read the following jokes and say what linguistic phenomenon they are based on.

A Scotchman was going on an excursion to New York. He handled the agent a ten-dollar bill as the agent called "Change at Jersey City". " No jokes now - I want my change right away," said the frightened Scotchman.

She: Now that we're engaged, dear, you'll give me a ring, won't you? He: Yes, dear, certainly. What's your telephone number?

"When rain falls, does it ever get up again?" "Yes, in dew time!" "What's the difference between soldiers and girls?" "The soldier faces

powder. Girls powder faces".

40.Find the homonyms for the following words and explain their meanings.

1.Band - a company of musicians.

2.Seal - a warm-blooded, fish-eating sea-animal, found chiefly in cold regions.

3.Ear - the grain-bearing spike of a cereal plant, as in a corn.

4.To bore - to make a long round hole, esp. with a pointed tool that is turned round.

5.To draw - to move by pulling.

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41. Find the homonyms and define their types.

1.Excuse my going first, I'll lead the way.

2.Lead is heavier than iron.

3.He tears up all letters.

4.Her eyes filled with tears.

5.In England the heir to the throne is referred to as the Prince of

Wales.

6.Let's go out and have some fresh air.

7.It is not customary to shake hands in England. If the hostess or the host offers a hand, take it; a bow is sufficient for the rest.

8.The girl had a bow of red ribbon in her hair.

9.Mr. Newlywed: Did you see the button on my coat, darling? Mrs. Newlywed: No, love. I couldn't find the button, so I just sewed up the buttonhole.

10.Do not sow panic.

11.He took a suite at the hotel.

12.No sweet without sweat.

13.What will you have for dessert?

14.The sailors did not desert the ship.

15.He is a soldier to the core.

16.The enemy corps was routed.

17.The word 'quay' is a synonym for Embankment'.

18.The guests are supposed to leave the key with the receptionist.

19.When England goes metric, flour will be sold by the kilogram.

20.The rose is the national flower of England.

21.In England monarchs reign but do not rule.

22.The rain in Spain stays mainly in the plain.

SYNONYMS AND ANTONYMS

42. Classify the following words into logical groups on the principle of hyponymy. (Hyponym is a word whose meaning is included in that of another word. E.g. “Scarlet”, “vermilion”, and “crimson” are hyponyms of “red”)

Animal, asparagus, beet, building, bull, bungalow, bush, cabbage, carrot, cat, cottage, dog, fiction, flower, football, grass, horse, mansion,

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