6. Ответьте на следующие вопросы:

/ 1. What most characteristic clinical manifestations is lobular pneumonia accompanied by? 2. What treatment is administered to the patient with lobular

pneumonia? 3. What is the causative agent of tuberculosis? 4. What do you know about primary tuberculosis? 5. What course is lung abscess characterized by? 6. What complaints has the patient in case of rheumatic endocarditis? 7. What treatment can you administer a patient with rheumatic endocarditis? 8. Describe a severe attack of angina pectoris. 9. What methods of performing operations are employed in cardiosurgery?

6. 1. Прочтите текст a. 2. Выпишите английские эквиваленты следу­ющих словосочетаний:

внешние признаки, профилактические меры, умственное перенапряжение, крепкий сон

3. Расскажите о режиме и лечении больного с атеросклерозом.

Text A. Atherosclerosis and Its Treatment

Atherosclerosis is one of the diseases of the cardiovascular system which is due to many causes. There is a number of factors which may determine its development.

Atherosclerosis of the blood vessels results from metabolic disturbances and particularly from disturbances of cholesterol exchange. These disturbances begin long before there is any external evidence of the disease. Therefore the doctor must prevent its appearance beginning preventive measures and treatment as early as possible.

Prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis consist mainly of a certain regimen for the patient, which he must strictly follow. The patient must get up, eat, work, and go to bed at exactly the same time every day.

Sound sleep is very important since it enables the nerve cells to rest. The patient with the signs of atherosclerosis must sleep not less than 7-8 hours and walk before going to bed. Mental and physical overstrain must be excluded.

The incidence of atherosclerosis is high in professional groups with insufficient physical activities. So physical exercises must be part of the prescribed regimen for such persons.

Smoking affects unfavourably the walls of the blood vessels and can result in their spasm, that is why patients suffering from atherosclerosis must not smoke.

The diet of the patients with atherosclerosis must contain sufficient amount of proteins, but fats and carbohydrates must be taken in very limited doses.

Vitamins are widely used in the treatment of atherosclerosis because some of them improve the metabolic processes and others dilate the vessels, particularly the peripheral ones.

Other drugs administered in treating atherosclerosis are the so-called lipotropic substances, which prevent fat from accumulating in the organism.

Since the nervous system affects the metabolic processes in the human body the patients with atherosclerosis are prescribed such drugs as bromide and valerian to improve its general condition.

CLASS ASSIGNMENTS Revision

6. Translate the following word combinations:

congenital heart defects, to result in heart failure, to make an incision on the cardiac wall, to radiate to the back and arm, to undergo the course of X-ray treatment, to prevent the rupture of the blood vessel, to administer an adequate dose of medicine, to complain of a general malaise and fatigue

6. 1. Give the words of the opposite meaning:

to diminish, suddenly, to be constant, to become worse, changeable, to fall (to drop), to include, malignant, seldom, sufficiency, a gain in weight

2. Give the words of the close meaning:

a symptom, in addition to, to be troubled by, to give attention, to, to pass through, an injury, an impairment, to spread, a return of a disease, to feed, an attack

6. Choose the appropriate word from those given in brackets:

1. As the condition of the patient had been gradually improving his temperature... considerably, (reduced, rose) 2. Severe attacks of angina pectoris are accompanied by... pain radiating down the arm. (sharp, moderate) 3. If the patient is suffering from rheumatic endocarditis his pulse becomes... on physical exertion, (accelerated, slow) 4. Partial arrest of blood circulation often results in ... to brain cells, (the recovery, the damage)

6. Read the pairs of sentences and answer the questions supplying your explanations:

1. The young cardiologist has been investigating the character of heart defects since the beginning of the year. Doctor Sviridov is investigating the character of heart defects. Кто из них начал раньше заниматься исследованием?

2. My mother has been followed up at the polyclinic since the time she was discharged from the clinic. My father is followed up at the polyclinic to prevent the recurrence of the disease. За кем из них наблюдение по поводу отдаленных результатов начато раньше?

6. Find Complex Object. Define the forms of the Infinitive Translate the sentences:

1. The physician considered the incidence of heart attacks to be associated with the nervous overstrain. 2. The doctor wants me to have undergone the course of treatment by the end of the week. 3. We noticed the most characteristic symptoms of rheumatic endocarditis have been eliminated since the administration of those preparations.

6. Translate the following sentences:

1. Сейчас этот больной страдает от острой боли в области сердца. 2. Этот больной страдает от острой боли в области сердца уже целый день.

3. Сердечные шумы постепенно уменьшались в процессе лечения. 4. В течение последних двух недель сердечные шумы постепенно уменьшались.

6. Read Text В. Entitle and retell it:

Text В

Some years ago an Italian worker whose name was Pietro Anello fell ill with tuberculosis. He developed a severe form of the disease which was progressing very rapidly. He was administered drug treatment which was ineffective.

An Italian surgeon operated on him twice to arrest the cavity formation in the lungs. But even this measure failed to control the development of the disease. Tuberculosis process continued to develop and the life of the patient was in danger.

The Italian physician refused (отказался) to operate on him for the third time. One of the prominent Italian surgeons told Pietro’s relatives that he would die if the third operation was performed.

One day Pietro saw a photograph of the Soviet surgeon Professor Lev Bogush, a well-known Soviet specialist in lung operations. The idea came to Pietro of asking Soviet doctors to perform the third operation. He went to the Italy-USSR Society and asked to help him.

When Pietro Anello came to the Soviet Union Professor Bogush operated on him for the third time. The operation was successful and Pietro’s life was saved.

UNIT 3. THE DISEASES OF THE ALIMENTARY TRACT

Грамматика: Сложное подлежащее.

LESSON 41

HOME ASSIGNMENTS

1. А. Прочтите следующие предложения, сравните их с переводом на русский язык, ответьте на вопросы и выполните задания:

Не is said to live here.

Говорят, что он живет здесь.

The patient is thought to suffer from pneumonia.

Думают, что больной страдает пневмонией.

Leucocytosis is known to develop in inflammation.

Известно, что лейкоцитоз развивается при воспалении.

1. * Каковы по структуре английские предложения: простые или сложные? 2* Найдите в английских предложениях сказуемые. 3.* В каком залоге стоят сказуемые в английских предложениях? 4.* С чего начинается перевод английских предложений? 5.* Как переводятся сказуемые на русский язык? б.* Назовите часть речи, которая стоит после сказуемых в английских предложениях. В какой форме стоит эта часть речи? 7.* Как переводится инфинитив: неопределенной формой глагола или личной формой глагола, т. е. сказуемым? 8.* Какие слова связаны с инфинитивами и являются подлежащими по отношению к ним? 9. Можно ли сказать, что именная часть (he, the patient, leucocytosis) составляет с инфинитивом (to live, to suffer, to develop) единое целое, и назвать это целое сложным подлежащим? 10. Как переводятся предложения со сложным подлежащим? Выучите глаголы, с которыми употребляется сложное подлежащее.

Б. В следующих пред ложениях обратите внимание на залог сказуемого:

They seem to study Biochemistry.

Кажется, они изучают биохимию.

Не appears to suffer from tuberculosis.

Кажется, он страдает туберкулезом.

The pain proved to be sharp on physical exertion.

Оказалось, что боль была острой при физическом напряжении.

2. * Найдите сказуемые в английских предложениях. 12.* В каком залоге стоят сказуемые? 13.* Найдите сложное подлежащее в английских предложениях. 14. Следовательно, с какими еще глаголами-сказуемыми (в каком залоге) может употребляться сложное подлежащее? 15. Влияет ли на перевод форма инфинитива? Каким временем и залогом переводится каждый из них?

В. Прочтите и переведите следующие предложения:

Не is supposed to discharge the patient from the hospital.

He is supposed to have discharged the patient from the hospital.

He is supposed to be discharged from the hospital.

He is supposed to have been discharged from the hospital.