1. Прочтите данные предложения, обращая внимание на то, чем затеняются модальные глаголы. Запомните эти заменители-эквиваленты:

А. М. Maslova Z. I. Winestein L. S. Plebeyskaya 2

CYCLE I. AT THE INSTITUTE 7

CYCLE П. ANATOMY 54

86 f 80

( a U^e pi< tc а н к, e $) 87

mTrt ^{he had Uved in Kiev}’ 100

CYCLE IV. MICROBIOLOGY 120

CYCLE V. MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS UNIT 1. POLYCLINICS 135

CYCLE VI. DISEASES 160

CYCLE VII. PUBLIC HEALTH 227

i 256

i 285

MEDICAL STUDENTS 364

He was able to do this work.

He will be able to do this work.

He is allowed to do this work.

He will be allowed to do this work. He has to do this work.

He had to do this work.

He will have to do this work.

1. Чем могут быть заменены модальные глаголы can, may, must? 2. Как изменяются эквиваленты по временам? 3. Как строятся отрицательная и вопросительная формы при эквиваленте to have to?

2. Поставьте сказуемые в будущем времени (письменно):

1. The scientist can prove his investigations. 2. The patient may walk. 3. The nurse must feed the infant.

Ш. Поставьте предложения в отрицательной, а затем в вопросительной форме (письменно):

1. The patient was able to fall asleep after taking the medicine. 2. We had to summarize and analyse all the findings of our observations. 3. The fifth-year students will be allowed to operate on the patients by themselves.

4. Напишите сложные слова путем сочетания неопределенных мес­тоимений ‘some’, ‘any’, ‘no’, ‘every’ со словами ‘thing’, ‘body’ ‘(one)’, ‘where’. Переведите их и проверьте себя по таблице 9.

5. Переведите предложения, обращая внимание на выделенные слова:

1. “Somebody has just come to see you,” said the nurse. 2. Something new

has been found out during this experiment. 3. We shall go somewhere on Sunday.

4. Have you discovered anything new during the examination? 5. Has the doctor seen anybody already? 6. Did you go anywhere last summer? 7. The scientist did not observe anythingnew. 8. My friend did not see anybody there. 9. Someone must count the number of the red blood cells. 10. Has anyone already accomplished the research work? 11. Nobody was discharged from the hospital yesterday. 12. Nothing interesting was proved. 13. He could find this book nowhere.

4. * Переведите слова, данные в скобках, а затем переведите предложения:

1. (Все) understood well the significance of this problem. 2. (Никто) felt tiredness after a long walk. 3. Can you see (что-нибудь) on the lateral surface of the right lower extremity? 4. Does the pain spread (куда-нибудь) when you breathe in? 5. There is (ничего) new about the process of inhibition in the report.

4. 1. Прочтите текст С. 2. Найдите и переведите а) незнакомые слова (выучите их); б) предложения с заменителями модальных глаголов и в) предложения с производными от неопределенных местоимений. 3. Выпишите английские эквиваленты следующих словосочетаний:

чтобы доказать это явление; во много раз меньше, чем; немногим более 70 лет тому назад

Text С. The Founder of Virology

Dmitry losiphovitch Ivanovsky, a prominent Russian scientist, was born in 1864. In 1888 he graduated from Petersburg University and began to study the physiology of plants and microbiology.

When D. I. Ivanovsky was investigating the tobacco mosaic disease (мозаичная болезнь табака) he was able to come to the conclusion that this disease occurred due to a microscopic agent, many times smaller than bacteria.

To prove this phenomenon D. I. Ivanovsky had to make many experiments on various plants. He had to pass the Juice of the diseased plant through a fine filter which could catch the smallest bacteria. At that time a little over 70 years ago everybody considered that bacteria were the smallest living organisms. But when D. I. Ivanovsky had completed to pass the juice through a fine filter, he was able to come to conclusion that the living organisms smaller than bacteria existed in the environment, because when he introduced the filtrate of the diseased plants to healthy ones they became infected.

Before D. I. Ivanovsky nobody had been able to prove the existence of viruses. Dmitry losiphovitch Ivanovsky was the first scientist who was able to establish the new branch of microbiology—virology.