4. Вставьте пропущенные слова:

1. The... is the largest and longest bone in the trunk. 2. The skeleton of the head is called the.... 3. In the Anatomy class medical students study the bones of the.... 4. In the... the bones of the extremities are longer than in the child. 5. On each... of the chest there are seven... which are connected with the....

5. Поставьте предложения в Past и затем Future Indefinite Passive (пись­менно):

1. This textbook is composed for practical classes in Anatomy. 2. These experiments are carried out by the members of our scientific society.

6. Выучите следующие слова и словосочетания:

age [eid3] п возраст; at the age of в возрасте; a man aged 30 мужчина 30 лет

grow [grou] (grew, grown) v расти; становиться

rapid [‘rsepid] а быстрый; частый; rapidly adv быстро

slow [slou] а медленный; slowly adv медленно

length [ler)6] n длина; длительность

number [‘плтЬэ] n число, количество; номер; a number of ряд (некото­рое количество)',

the number of число, количесто

research [ri’s3:tj] п исследование, научное изыскание

use [ju:z] и употреблять, применять; [ju:s] п употребление, применение

artificial [.arti’flfal] а искусственный

instead of [in’sted] adv вместо, взамен; instead of going (reading) вместо того, чтобы пойти (читать)

case [keis] п случай; in case of в случае; case history (report) история болезни

7. Выучите следующие словосочетания, обращая внимание на пред­логи:

at the age of, instead of, a number of, in case of in the boys (girls), to be about, the operation on smb (smth), in length.

8. Прочтите и переведите следующие слова и словосочетания:

1. age [eid3]: at the age of 20, at an early age, people of all ages, a patient aged 45;

2. grow [grou]: grew [gru:], grown [groun], to grow rapidly, to grow slowly;

3. length [leaf]: the necessary length, the length of the bone, to increase the length, to measure the length, the length of an extremity, three metres in length;

4. number [‘плтЬэ]: a great number, a small number, the number of, to increase the number, the number of people, a number of people

9. 1. Прочтите текст С. 2. Найдите в тексте: а) предложения, где говорится о росте позвоночника; б) о количестве позвонков и где дается характеристика некоторых из них:

Text С

Two students meet after classes. They want to prepare their homework in Anatomy.

1. : How do you do, Boris!

2. : How do you do, Alec!

1. : Are you free now?

2. : Yes, I am. Let us prepare our Anatomy lesson for tomorrow.

1. : Tomorrow we shall have the lesson on the bones.

2. : I do not know well the spinal column.

1. : I can help you if you like. Can you answer my questions?

2. : I am ready.

1. : So, at what age does the spine grow most rapidly?

2. : In the girls the spine grows most rapidly to the age of 15. In the boys it grows to the age of 19. After the age of 19 the spine grows very slowly. The length of the spinal column is about 40% of the body.

1. : That’s all right. Now the second question. What do you know about the number of the vertebrae in the spine?

2. : The number of the vertebrae may be 32 or 34. Sometimes it may be 37. But I don’t know why. Can you tell me?

1. : It is because the number of the sacral vertebrae may be five and the number of the vertebrae which compose the coccyx may be from one to five.

2. : Thank you. Can you tell me which of the vertebrae have the form different from the others?

1. : They are the first and the second cervical vertebrae. The form of these two vertebrae is different because they take part in the flexible connection of the skull and the spine.

2. : Thank you. I think tomorrow I shall answer well.

CLASS ASSIGNMENTS

9. Read the words with the same root. State the part of speech and translate these words:

face—facial; slow—slowly; connect—connection; pelvis— pelvic; compose—composition; rapid—rapidly; base—basic

9. Put the proper numeral in the blanks:

1. There are vertebrae in the cervical part of the spine. 2. There are ... vertebrae in the thoracic part of the spine. 3. There are ... vertebrae in the lumbar part of the spine. 4. There are ... vertebrae in the sacral part of the spine.

9. Read the pairs of sentences. State the grammar difference between them:

1. The student is asked many questions at the lesson.

The student asked many questions at the lesson.

2. Cranial and facial bones compose the skull.

The skull is composed of cranial and facial bones.

3. The joints connect some bones of the skeleton.

Some bones of the skeleton are connected by the joints.

9. Answer the following questions:

1. Are you a research worker? What does a research worker do? 2. What do you use to write down the lectures? Do you use a pencil or a ball-pen? 3. What do you do in case of the grippe? Do you use any medicine in case of a bad headache? 4. Do Soviet doctors use artificial organs? What artificial organs are used in medicine? 5. What general subjects are medical students taught in their first year? 6. What lectures will be delivered next Monday? 7. What field of medicine will your future profession be connected with? 8. What medicine is often used in case of the grippe?

9. Read and entitle Text D. What interesting method of treatment is described here?

Read text D, using the dictionary and entitle it. What interesting method of triatment is discribed here?

TextD

The patient had the disease of the coxofemoral (тазобедренный) joints, the biggest in the body.

The patient could not walk for six years. Doctor of Medicine Prof. K.M. Sivash, a research worker of one of Moscow Institutes, examined the patient. He wanted to use a new method of treatment.

Before the operation on the man Doctor Sivash carried out a great number of experiments on animals using artificial metal joints. During the operation Doctor Sivash used the artificial metal joints instead of the diseased coxofemoral joints of the patient. The operation was successful and soon the patient could walk.

In April 1972 Professor S.T. Zatsepin worked out the method of total hip prosthesis¹ to replace² the whole femoral bone with artificial coxofemoral and knee³ joints.

Such “total” hip prothesis was worked out together with Professor K.M. Sivash, who had used artificial joints connected by titanic nail⁴.

This total hip prothesis was successfully used on a patient with malignant tumour of the right femoral bone. During the operation 2/3 of the proximal part and the middle third of the femoral bone were excised⁵. The length of the excised bone was 22 cm. The postoperative course was smooth and the functional results were good.

' Now artificial metal joints are used in many cases of the diseases of different joints.

Notes:

1. total hip prosthesis [‘pros9isis]— эндопротез (внутренний протез).

2. to replace — заменять, замещать

3. knee [ni:]— колено

4. titanic nail [tai’taenik]— титаиовы стержень

5. to excise [ek’saiz] — удалять, нссекать

9. Translate into English:

I. Вчера хирург сделал сложную (complex) операцию на сердце. 2. Завтра у нас будет лекция по физике вместо лекции по биологии. 3. В случае сердечного заболевания врач должен обследовать больного осо­бенно внимательно. 4. Моя сестра закончила медицинский институт в возрасте 23 лет. 5. Ряд студентов нашей группы вступили в различные научные кружки. 6. Главная улица нашего города около восьми кило­метров в длину.

LESSON 11

HOME ASSIGNMENTS

Запомните:

1. Буквосочетания oi, оу читаются [oi]: point [point] точка, мес­то; boy [boi] мальчик.

2. Буквосочетание ou обычно читается [au]: sound [saund] звук, тон; amount [a’maunt] количество.

3. Буквосочетания au, aw читаются [o:]: cause [ko:z] причина;

причинять, вызывать; nausea [‘no:sja] тошнота; law [b:] закон.

4. Суффикс -ive образует прилагательные от глаголов: connect

соединять — connective соединительный.

I. Прочтите:

1. moist, poison, joint, voice, join, destroy, enjoy

2. found, out, about, round, mouth, count, loud

3. daughter, jaw, author, raw, autumn, auricle, auscultation, automatic, autopsy, gauze, nausea, pause, saw

П.* Прочтите и переведите:

attentive, constructive, collective, active, illustrative, relative, effective, decisive, protective

3. Напишите предложения в Past Indefinite Passive и переведите их:

1. Many scientific experiments will be carried out at our Institute laboratories. 2. His experimental work will be connected with the operations on joints. 3. The method of artificial metal joints will be used in many cases.

3. Ответьте на следующие вопросы: (см. таблицу 21, стр. 293)

1. Какой формой глагола являются выделенные в таблице слова в английских предложениях? 2. На какие вопросы отвечают инфинитивы, и какими членами предложения они являются? 3. Как переводятся инфини­тивы в каждом из этих предложений?

3. * Определите синтаксическую функцию инфинитива:

1. The doctor wanted to examine the patient in the morning. 2. To know Anatomy well is necessary for every surgeon. 3. Our students came to the Institute to listen to the lecture on bones. 4. My friend was the first to take the examination in Biology. 5. The surgeon will begin to operate on this patient at 10 o’clock.

3. Прочтите предложения, определите время глагола и скажите формулу:

1. This book will be read with great interest by all of us. 2. The thoracic cavity was examined by X-rays. 3. Artificial joints were used by the surgeon. 4. The bones of the skull are connected together very firmly.

3. Обратите внимание на перевод сказуемого в дополнительных придаточных предложениях. Ответьте на вопросы:

My friend said that he lived Мой друг сказал, что он живет

in Lenin street, на улице Ленина.

1 .* Совпадает ли время сказуемого в английском и русском главных предложениях? 2.* В каком времени стоит сказуемое в английском и рус­ском дополнительных придаточных предложениях? 3. Следовательно, ка­ким временем нужно переводить сказуемое дополнительного придаточ­ного предложения, если сказуемое главного стоит в Past Indefinite? Како­му правилу подчиняется употребление времен в придаточных дополни­тельных предложениях?