Английский язык / Английский язык для медиков / Толковый англо-русский и русско-английский словарь физиологических терминов Dictionary of physiology (2010)

локализация

физиологический

эффект

β

2

эндотелий сосудов скелетных

расширение

мышц, головного мозга, легких,

коронарных артерий

гладкая мускулатура бронхов,

расслабление

матки

гепатоциты

усиление гликогенолиза, повы-

шение сахара в крови

β

3

адипоциты

активация липолиза

localization

physiological effect

1

smooth muscles of blood vessels of

constriction

the skin, mucosae and viscera

m. dilatator pupillae

dilation of the pupil

smooth muscles of the intestines,

relaxation, decrease in peristalsis

uterus, seminiferous ducts and semi-

nal vesicles

splenic capsule

contraction, ejection of the blood

from depo

sphincters of the alimentary tract

contraction

and urinary bladder

2

presynaptic

presynaptic membrane

increase in releasing adrenaline in

case of its excessive amount in the

synaptic cleft

postsynaptic

β-cells of the pancreas

increase in secretion of insulin into

the blood

parasynaptic

membrane of platelets

aggregation of platelets

localization

physiological effect

endothelium of some vessels

constriction

adipocytes

activation of lipolysis

β

1

conduction system of the heart

increase in heart rate, increase in ir-

ritability, conduction and contractil-

ity, increase in the oxygen needs of

myocardium

smooth muscles of the intestines

decrease in tonus and motor activity

of the intestines

β

2

endothelium of the vessels of the

dilation

skeletal muscles, brain, lungs, coro-

nary arteries

smooth muscles of the bronchi,

relaxation

uterus

hepatocytes

activation of glicogenolysis, increase

of glucose level in the blood

β

3

adipocytes

activation of lipolysis

Локализация

Физиологический эффект

ганглионарные синапсы симпа-

облегчение проведения возбужде-

тического и парасимпатического

ния через ганглии

отделов НС

каротидные клубочки

повышение рефлекторной возбу-

димости дыхательного центра —

учащение дыхания

хромафинные клетки мозгового

повышение секреции

вещества надпочечников

адреналина

скелетные мышцы

сокращение

М1

париетальные клетки желез же-

усиление секреции соляной кис-

лудка

лоты

М2

проводящая система сердца

открытие калиевых каналов —

увеличение тока калия — бра-

дикардия, замедление атрио-

вентрикулярной проводимости,

уменьшение силы сердечных со-

кращений, снижение потребности

сердечной мышцы в кислороде

М3

гладкие мышцы бронхов, моче-

сокращение, усиление

вого пузыря, матки, кишечника,

перистальтики

желудка

круговая мышца глаза

сокращение

экзокринные железы

усиление секреции

эндотелий некоторых сосудов

расширение сосудов, снижение

артериального давления

сфинктеры пищеварительного

расслабление

тракта

Localization

Physiological effect

ganglionic synapses of the sympa-

ease of conveying excitement via the

thetic and parasympathetic NS

ganglia

carotid body

increase in reflectory excitability of

the respiratory center — breath ac-

celeration

chromaphil cells of the adrenal

increase in adrenaline secretion

medulla

skeletal muscles

contraction

М1

parietal cells of the stomach

increase in hydrochloric acid secre-

tion

М2

conduction system of the heart

opening of K+ — channels — leak-

ing K+ out of the cells — bradycar-

dia, delay in the AV-conduction,

increase in the force of heart con-

traction, decrease in myocardial

need in oxygen

М3

smooth muscles of the bronchi,

contraction, stimulation of peri-

urinary bladder, uterus, intestines,

stalsis

stomach

m. sphincter pupillae

contraction

exocrine glands

stimulation of secretion

endothelium of some blood vessels

vasodilation, decrease in blood pres-

sure

sphincters of the alimentary tract

relaxation

Величи-

Обозна-

Definition

на / Unit

ампер/

The SI unit of electric

ampere

current equivalent to the

steady current produced by

one volt applied across a

resistance of one ohm

калория/

A unit of measurement for

calorie

energy. In most fields, it has

been replaced by the joule,

the SI unit of energy. How-

ever, it remains in com-

mon use for the amount of

energy obtained from food.

The small calorie or gram

calorie approximates the

energy needed to increase

the temperature of 1 g of

water by 1 C. This is about

4.185 J. The large calorie or

kilogram calorie approxi-

mates the energy needed to

increase the temperature of

1 kg of water by 1°C. This is

about 4.185 kJ, and equals

1000 small calories. In sci-

entific contexts, the name

«calorie» refers strictly to

the gram calorie

Таблица 7 (продолжение).

Величи-

Definition

на / Unit

and equals 1000 small calo-

ries. In scientific contexts,

the name «calorie» refers

strictly to the gram calorie.

диоп-

Unit of measurement of

трия/

the lens optical power

diopter

equal to the reciprocal of

(dioptre)

the focal length measured

in metres (i.e. 1/metres)

грамм/

The metric unit of mass

gram

originally defined as the

(gramme)

mass of 1 cubic centime-

ter of water at 4°C but

now taken as the one-

thousandth of the SI base

unit kilogram, or 1×10−3

kg, a mass preserved by the

International Bureau of

Weights and Measures

джоуль/

The SI unit defined as

joule

the work done or energy

required to exert a force of

one newton for a distance

of one metre

кило-

The SI base unit of mass

грам/

defined as being equal to

kilogram

the mass of the interna-

(kilo-

tional prototype of the ki-

gramme)

logram made of platinum-

iridium alloy held at the

Bureau

Величи-

Обозна-

Definition

на / Unit

International des Poids et

Mesures (BIPM)

метр/

The SI unit of length,

meter

equal to approximately

(metre)

3.28 feet. It is the basic

unit of length in the metric

system and in the Inter-

national System of Units

(SI). It is defined as the

distance travelled by light

in absolute vacuum in

1/299 792 458 of a second

моль/

The amount of substance

mole

of a system which contains

as many elementary enti-

ties as there are atoms in

12 grams of carbon 12. The

number of atoms in a mole

of any substance is known

as Avogadro’s number. The

currently accepted value is

6.022 1415(10) × 1023 mol-1

ньютон/

The SI unit defined as the

newton

amount of force required

to accelerate a mass of one

kilogram by one meter per

square second

паскаль/

The SI derived unit of

pascal

pressure equivalent to one

newton per square meter

Таблица 7 (продолжение).

Величи-

Definition

на / Unit

Symbol introduced by Sp-

rensen; used in expressing

the amount of H+ ions in

the solution according to

which the solution pertains

to acids or bases. In neutral

solutions pH=7, in acid –

pH<7, in alkaline – pH>7.

It signifies the logarithm on

the base ten, of the recip-

rocal of the hydrogen ion

concentration

рентген/

A unit of measurement of

roentgen

ionizing radiation in air

(X or gamma rays). It is

the amount of radiation

required to liberate posi-

tive and negative charges

in 1 cmі of air at standard

temperature and pressure

(STP). This corresponds to

the generation of approxi-

mately 2.08 × 109 ion pairs

секунда/

The SI unit of time. It is

second

defined as the duration of

9,192,631,770 periods of

the radiation corresponding

to the transition between

the two superfine levels

of the ground state of the

cesium-133 atom