254 • Glossary

7 Glossary

A

AWG

Abbreviation for American Wire Gauge

AWG is the American dimension unit for the cross section of cables and conductors.

Examples:-AWGF22 = 0.35 mm² -AWG26 = 0.15 mm².

B

Bit

Smallest information unit. Its value can either be 1 or 0.

Bitrate

Number of bits transmitted within a time unit.

Bridge

A bridge is used to transmit information independent of the information target. It is used for coupling domains, e. g. for passing on system information which is not limited to one unit.

Building function

The building function is a function especially intended for the use in building automation, such as stairwell light and blind controls.

Bus

Pipeline for bit serial oder bit parallel, synchronized data transfer. A bus for the bit parallel data transfer consists of address-, data-, controland supply bus. If the data bus comprehends 8, 16, 32 or 64 bits and the clock pulse is authoritative for it, how fast the data can be transmitted. The width of the address bus limits the possible extension of the network.

Buscoupler

Short form for Fieldbus-coupler.

Byte

Binary Yoked Transfer Element. A byte generally contains 8 bits.

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C

Channel

A transmission medium in a network is called Channel. The network is structured by Router or Repeater in different physical network segments – Channels.

With consideration of the physical limits for the underlying medium, any desired number of nodes can belong to one channel.

Client

Service requesting device within a Client-Server-system. With the aid of the service request, the Client access on objects (data) of the Server is possible. The Server provides the Service..

Colored tabs

The I/O modules of the WAGO-I/O-SYSTEM are marked with colored tabs:

Specialty and End module: clear

Configuration

A configuration is the determination of the outer form (Hardware configuration) and the content function (Software configuration) of a node.

Configuration variables

Variables for external configuration. The binding of the configuration variables with the so-called Configuration Properties (CPs) abide them permanent.

CPs (Configuration Properties)

For the function of a network node, configuration properties are formed from the varying configuration data. CPs are variables comparably with nvis for the external controller configuration via LON network. As opposed to the nvis the settings via CPs are stored in the LNS database and in the EEPROM of the Neuron-Chip. Thus they are still available after Reset.

CSMA

CSMA stands for Carrier Sense Multiple Access and is a special bus access method. With CSMA the node first "listens" to the network before becoming active. LonWorks® operates with a special CSMA method, which permits a short reaction time with a high throughput rate even in large networks.

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D

Data bus

see Bus.

Device

A node is often named "Device" in a Network Management Tool Software.

Device template

Device templates provide the profile of a node in the network.

They are available in the form of xif files (External Interface Files) and contain all network relevant data. This data as a whole determines the interface to the network. For the integration of a node in a system the network interface (e.g. transceiver parameter and detailed information about the network variable used) must be known.

Domains

The largest addressing units are domains. These aaare used to build complete - independent – part systems, e. g. lighting systems, access control (in as much as these must not communicate with each other). Thus domains from a virtual network within the physical network structure. Each LON unit can be addressed over two domain addresses. One domain can be allocated a maximum of 255 Subnets each with 27 units (together comprising of 332,385 units).

Driver

Software code communicating with a Hardware device. Normally this communication is transacted via internal device registers.

E

Echelon®

The company Echelon is the technology provider for LonWorks-Technology. In Internet Echelon can be found under: http://www.echelon.com.

Element

Functions, function blocks and programs are elements.

Each element consists of a declaration part and a body. The body is written in one of the IEC programming languages IL, LL, FBD, ST, and FC.

EN 61131-3

European Standard containing the German translation of IEC 1131-3 and having the status of a German Standard.

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End module (Termination module)

An end or termination module is needed for faultless operation of the node. The end module is always placed as the last module in order to obtain a termination of the fieldbus node. This module has no I/O function.

F

Fieldbus

System for serial data transfer between devices of automatization in the process field range.

Fieldbus node

(Short form: node)

A fieldbus node is a unit or a module equipped with a Neuron chip as a micro controller, possibly supplemented by an external memory and I/O function. The smallest addressing units are nodes.

Free Topology

The Free Topology is a network topology, which was possible for the first time with the FTT-10 Transceiver. In free topology it is possible to mix line, star or ring structures together.

However, in this case the maximum transmission spacings are dependent upon the cable quality. Due to the use of Routers or Repeaters the transmission spacing limits can be overcome.

Function

If the input values of a function are always identical , it returns always the same result (as function value). A function has no local variables, which stores values in excess of a request.

Function block

In execution a function block returns one or more values, which can be stored as local variables (memorized).

G

Gateway

Gateways link a channel in a domain with another channel in a different domain.

H

Hardware

Electronic, electric and mechanical component of a device.

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I

IEC 61131-3

International Standard from 1993 for modern systems with PLC functionality.

Based on a structured software model, it defines a series of high performance programming languages that can be used for the most varied automation tasks.

(Also refer to EN 61131-3)

IF

See TOPLON® IF.

Intel Format

Fieldbus coupler/controller configuration settings for the organization of the process image. The I/O data of an I/O module are differently mapped in the coupler/controller memory, depending on the configuration settings (Intel/Motorola format, word-alignment,...). The format determines, if Highand Low-Byte are changed. With Intel format they are not changed.

Interoperability

Interoperability is the objective and determining property of the Lonworks technology. LonWorks nodes should be able to communicate with each other fully independent of the selected transfer media, network topologies, hardware details or operating system functions. For the development of a LonWorks based system the levels: hardware, software, logical communication structure and physical network can be regarded and defined to a large extent as separated from each other.

I/O module

In the I/O modules, the incoming process data is converted. Corresponding to the different requirements, special I/O modules are available for a variety of functions. There are digital and analog inputs and outputs and modules for special functions (Counter modules, Terminal blocks for encoder and resolvers and communication modules).

I/O module configuration

See I/O module constellation.

I/O module constellation

Formation and order of the I/O modules in the node.

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ISO/OSI model

The ISO-OSI model is a model developed by the ISO (International Organisation for Standardization) for communication between nodes in networks. This model is called OSI (Open System Interconnection) and is based on the following 7 layers for communication:

-Ensures the compatibility between applications

6Presentation Layer - Language and character - Network variables

-Participant identification

-Communication control

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L

LAN

Local Area Network

Library

Collection of functional modules available for different IEC 61131-3 programming applications in WAGO-I/O-PRO 32.

LNO

The LNO is the German Lon Users Association (Lon Nutzer Organisation e.V.). This is an association for companies, institutions and distributors using the LonWorks® technology in the German speaking territories. Current information concerning the LNO and the member list can be found in Internet under: http://www.lno.de.

LNS

LNS (LONWORKS® Network Service) is a network operation system for LONWORKS® networks.

LNS-database

In the LNS-database all configuration settings are stored and managed of a so-called LNS Server.

LNS/LCA

Abbreviation for "LonWorks Networks Services Architecture"/"LonWorks Component Architecture". This is a software platform developed by Echelon with functions and data interfaces for the realisation of tools for LON, e.g. for manual terminal operating stations, for PC visualisation and PC projecting tools.

LON®

LON® is the abbreviation for Local Operating Network and it is a multimaster capable communication network for decentralized industrial applications with time-uncritical requirements. Particularly LON is developed for building automation. Central tasks are splitted in decentral tasks. So in every distributed intelligence (node) an application processing occurs locally, without the interruption of the other nodes in the network.

LonTalk®

LonTalk is the communication protocol, which defines the way LON nodes communicate with each other at the individual levels of the ISO-OSI model.

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LONWORKS®

LonWorks® is one of the uniform communication standards in building automation. This is based on a comprehensively documented technology, which is open to all who want to use it. This standard was developed by an independent technology company, Echelon from the USA, supported by semi-conductor manufacturers such as Cypress and Toshiba.

Enclosed are e. g. Neuron®-Chips, Transceivers, development tools, Software packages, support. With LonWorks® decentralized information processing structures are possible, that manages without a central control system (e.g. PLC). Insofar LonWorks® is different to previous fieldbus solutions.

LPT-10

Abbreviation for Link Power Transceiver.

This transmission medium is a twisted pair variant. Technically it corresponds to the "Free topology FTT-10" variant, except that it has the advantage that the unit supply voltage can be jointly transmitted via the bus line. In this manner a conductor pair is saved in the cable, and the chances of a mistake when connecting (what is the bus and what is voltage?) is reduced. However, LPT-10 requires an additional supply voltage level, namely a special link power supply (input voltage e.g. 48 - 56 V, output voltage approx. 42 V/1.5A).

There are also limitations with regard to loading capacity - only a limited number of units can be supplied with power by a link power pack (important is, for example, units with light diodes or relays, which often have a higher current requirements). Installation advantages include above all buildings in which wiring of push-buttons and switches are to be found. Link power signals can also be switched on TP/FT-10 units, if these contain the corresponding block capacitors, which blocks off the supply voltage.

Note:

A prior consideration of the economics may be necessary prior to using LPT10.

Ensure that the power supply is of a suitable level with reserve capacity, in accordance with the worst case for all units in the segment!

In addition also check the LPT-10 compatibility of TP/FT-10 units.

N

Network interface

The network interface describes the interface from a node to the network. It consists of multitude of objects, whereby for each task one object will be

defined. This objects in turn consist of a set of network variables (NVs) and a set of configuration properties (CPs).

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Network Management Tool Software

A Network Management Tool Software ist a software, with which network devices (nodes) can be integrated, addressed, maintained and binded network variables. The network management tool should be based on LNS. Withit the start of configuration Plug-Ins from various manufacturers is possible via the NM tool.

Network variable

A network variable (NV) is a type based variable in the Neuron-C programming language for the realisation of logical communication channels between LON®- nodes.

Thereby it is possible to bind one or more network variables of one or more network nodes. Using standardized network variable types, called SNVTs (Standard Network Variable Types) an inter-operation (manufacturer independet) communication of the LON® nodes in a network is possible. If data is transferred from a node to the network, this is made using the network output variable (nvo), if data is transferred from the network to a node this is made using the network input variable (nvi).

Neuron®-C

Neuron-C is an ANSI C standard based programming language for programming a Neuron chip, the micro-controller in a LON fieldbus coupler, with applications.

Neuron®ID

Each micro-controller in a LON® field bus coupler (Neuron®-Chip) posses an own identification number, the so-called Neuron®ID.

NF/km

Abbriviation for Nanofarad per kilometer.

This is the unit for the operation capacity per pipelength.

Node

A node is a unit or a module equipped with a Neuron chip as a micro controller, possibly supplemented by an external memory and I/O function. The smallest addressing units are nodes.

NV

See Network variable.

O

Operating system

Software for connecting the application programs with the hardware.

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P

Plug-In

A plug-in is an additional program which extends the functionality of the higher ranking program.

Power supply module

A power supply module serves the power supply for the I/O modules with the respective power.

Power-Line

Data transmission via the 230 V network is called the Power-Line.

PRIO

See TOPLON® PRIO.

R

Repeater

Repeaters are physical amplifiers without own processing function. It is used to achieve large transmission distances or when the maximum number of nodes of 64 units per twisted pair segment is exceeded.

Note:

In TP/FT-10 networks only one physical repeater is permitted between two nodes. Otherwise Routers configured as repeaters have to be used. Such a router also allows a media change.

The repeater always counts as a node. This means that for each segment 63 nodes + 1 repeater can be used.

Reset

Reset ia a resetting of the bus coupler supply. Following a failure of the supply voltage to the bus coupler, the voltage is reapplied to the bus coupler.

Request

A request is a service demand of a client, who wants to demand a service by a server.

Response

Response is the answer of server on a request of a client.

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RIO Function (of TOPLON® PRIO)

With a fieldbus coupler 750-319 at the front end of the node the RIOfunctionality of the plug-in TOPLON® PRIO can be used. On the users surface appears a schedular clear list of all dertermined I/O channels, which can be assigned with network variables.

The abbreviation RIO means "Remote I/O".

Router

Routers serve to link neighbouring subnets the router operating with addresses and protocols of the ISI-OSI layer 3. This layer being hardware independent, the routers are capable of making the transition to a different transmission medium. Routers can be operated in the Repeater or Bridge operating mode.

S

Segment

As a rule a network is structured by a Router or Repeater in different physical network segments.

Server

Device providing a service within a Client-Server-system. The providing service is requested by a Client.

Service

An operation (Read, Write) directed on an object.

Service Pin

The service pin is a special node input/output for service purposes. It is led to the outside on a push button and an LED and sends broadcast news with the Neuron ID and the program ID of the Neuron chip when the push button is actuated.

SNVT

Short form for Standard Network Variable Types

SNVTs [spoken: Sniwitts] are fixed predefined, standardized variable types for network variables.

Several SNVTs exist, e. g. SNVT_lux, SNVT_temp, SNVT_switch, etc. (see: network variable)

Structured cabling

The structured cabling defines the maximum permissible cable length for area-, buildingand floor-cabling (EIA/TIA 568, IS 11801) and also points out of recommendations for the topology.

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TP/FT-10

Abbreviation for transceiver twisted pair free topology TP/FT-10, which is the most common transmission medium. The TP/FT-10 channel permits both the line bus topology, as well as free topology. As a line bus again 64 subscribers can be connected to a segment up to a length of 2700 m. The transmission rate amounts to 78 kBit/sec. In a free topology, the network can be extended to up to 400 m with 64 units.

TP/FT-10 allows the greatest degree of freedom in terms of space.

Transceiver

Transceiver are bus coupler modules between Neuron chip and transmission medium. The most important representatives are TP/FT-10 and the LPT-10. In addition, transceiver are available for radio transmission or for coupling with LWL systems.

Twisted Pair

Pairwise twisted wire (short notation: TP).

W

WAGO-IO-PRO 32

WAGO-I/O-PRO is a programming and visualization tool, allowing users to develop PLC applications for the Programmable Fieldbus Controller of the WAGO-I/O-SYSREM 750 Series. It allows testing, debugging and startup of the application program.

WAGO-I/O-SYSTEM

The WAGO-I/O-SYSTEM 750 consists of various components, which are capable of providing modular and application specific fieldbus nodes for various fieldbusses.

Wink

Wink is the command for a node to provoke awareness in various manners (optical, acoustic etc.) after it has received a wink instruction. For example, an installation tool can search for non-configured nodes in a network and send a wink instruction to the first node which replies. This then makes its presence apparent if provided for in its application, to allow the creation of an allocation to physical nodes.

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