
Медицинская вирусология / Букринская А.Г., Жданов В.М. Молекулярные основы патогенности вирусов
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56

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B 1979 r. 6wia cq)OpMym1ponaHa Teop1rn peuemopttoro 3HJlOUHT03a [Goldstein G. et aI., 1979], cornacno K0Topof1 BHeKJICTO'!Hble l!3CTH!lhl rrpoH11KalOT B IrneTKY no C,ll,IUIOMY Me xaHH3MY, OCH0BalIH0MY Ha CIICll,IHpll'ICCKOM Y3H3B3Hllll KJleTO'I HblX pe1 enrnpoe lI II0CJlC,ll,yI0IIlCM CCJICKTHBH0M BllYTJ)HKJlCT0lJ· HOM TpaHcnopTe C HCTI0J1b30B3IIHCM 9H)l011,HT03a. KJJeTOt!HhJC peueIIT0j)hl H3X0}IJITCH Ha ,L\lle KJJeT011HOl ITO· BCj)XHOCTH, TI0KJ)b!Tb!X HMOK, K0T0pb!C ll0JIY1IHJIH CB0C H33Bairne 6J13I'Ol!,apH T0MY, 'ITO CO CT0fJOI!bl ll,11TOITJia3Mbl 0HH IJOKJ)b!Tbl BblC0K0MOJieKyJJHj)HblM 6CJIKOM K.!JaTpHH0M. TipHKJ)CIIJICHHe 'I3CTIIU K peuenTopy HBJIHeTC51 CHf'Il3,10M ,ll,JlH npouecca 3H.U0ILHT03a, npII K0TopoM IIOKpbIT3H }IMKa rrpenpaulaeTCH B IIOKpbl TYIO BaKy0JJb, T. e. saKyOJlb, co,uepYKaIIJ.YIO KJiaTpmr. Ha CJlC· JWIOIUeM nane U0Kpb1TaH BaJ(y0Jib cmmaeTCH C )lpyro1"r KJie TO'IHOlf BaKyOJlblO, He C0,L\Cj).iKaIILeH KJI3Tp1111, II rrpeBpaw.aeTCH B «nenoKpbITYlO» B,lKy0.Hb, KOT0J)HH IIMeer peuenT0J)hl co CBH33H!IblMIJ Bew,ecTBaMn (Jrnran,11,ai\rn), HO He O0Jia)laCT KJJaTpll lIOM. 3Ta BaKy0Jib OTHOCIITCJibH0 Kpyrnwro pasMepa, KOponrn )KHBylll,aH, BCKOpe CJll!B3CTCH C ,u.pyroti BaKy0JILIO; .OHa H33bl BaeTCH peuenTOCOMOH. B peueITT0C0MC llj)0IICX0,L\IIT cymecrnen !I0e Jl,Jrn rrpouecca 3Hl\0UIIT03a co61-,nue: peuen-rop or)lenHeTCH OT JJHfHH,IJ,a II B03Bpaw,aeTCH na KJieT01rny10 IIOBepxH0CTb, B II0KJ)hlTbIC HMKII, 'IT06bi rrpoBeCTII B KJICTKY II0BYIO napTHIO qy )l{Cj)OJ.l.IlblX qacnIII, Pe1IeITTOCOMa cmmaeTCH C nepBH1IHOH JIH30COMOiJ, o6pasyH ernpwrny1O JIH3ocoMy, co,L\ep)l{amyIO lIYR<C· j)0,L\HblC eew,eCTna.
C11cTeMa eaKyoJ1e11 TCCHO CBH3aH,l C 3H,L\0IJJHl3MaTll'leCKHM peTHKYJIYM0M H arrrrapaToM foJihJJ:)KJI, K0Top1,1e yqacrny10r B o6pa30BaJIHH MeM6pan eaKyoJieH ll JIH30C0MHhIX rn,upoJia3. I10JL B03,TlCHCTBHeM 9THX qJepMeHTOB rrpomrn11rne B JlH30COMhl 113CTllll,bl npeBpaw,aIOTCH B sew,ecTBa, JJerKO YCB0HE.'Mhie KJieT KOI°J. TaKJIM o6pa30M, .:IUI30COMbl HBJIHI0TCH K0He1 1HbIM rryHKT0M
59

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60