- •Введение
- •Целью обучения медицинских специалистов профессиональному английскому языку формирование и развитие профессиональной коммуникативной компетентности.
- •UNIT 1. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES
- •1. Anatomy and physiology of the cardiovascular system
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •What are the main structural parts of the cardiovascular system? What function does it perform in the body?
- •1. List the three layers of the heart.
- •2. What are the four chambers of the heart?
- •3. Name the heart valves and their locations.
- •4. Describe the systemic and pulmonic circulations of the heart.
- •5. What two parts does autonomic nervous system consist of?
- •6. What is the normal heart rate?
- •7. What are the parameters of normal systolic and diastolic BP?
- •8. List different types of vessels of the vascular system.
- • GRAMMAR
- •Task 5. Find verb patterns underlined in the text and complete the table.
- • WORD-BUILDING
- •Task 6. Find the appropriate adjective in the text and complete the table.
- •2. Hypertension
- •Task 1. Read out.
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •What is hypertension? Why do you think so many people in developed contries suffer from this disease? What can we do to solve the problem?
- •Task 5. Find verb patterns underlined in the text and complete the table.
- • WORD-BUILDING
- •Task 6. Find the appropriate adjective in the text and complete the table.
- •3. Angina pectoris
- • VOCABULARY and PRONUNCIATION
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •What is angina pertoris? What have you heard about this disease? Do you know anyone suffering from this disease?
- •Task 5. Put he verb given in brackets into Active or Passive.
- • WORD-BUILDING
- •Task 6. Form a noun from adjectives and verbs with suffixes -ness/-ing.
- •4. Stroke
- • VOCABULARY and PRONUNCIATION
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •What is stroke? What are the possible consequencies of this disease? Can we prevent it?
- •Task 1. Read the text and answer these questions.
- •Task 5. Match the columns A, B and C to form the sentences. Make the sentences negative, make questions and answer them.
- •Task 6. Form an adjective from the given noun and complete the table
- •UNIT II. RESPIRATORY DISEASES
- •1. Anatomy and physiology of the respiratory system
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •What do you know about the respiratory system? What main parts does it consist of? What’s its role in the body?
- •Task 5. Make comparatives and superlatives of the following adjectives and adverbs.
- • WORD-BUILDING
- •Task 6. Complete the table with an appropriate noun or a verb. Find all the synonyms in the text.
- •2. Influenza
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. What kind of disease is influenza? Is it dangerous? Do all people susceptible to this virus?
- •Task 5. Circle the right verb.
- • WORD-BUILDING
- •Task 6. Form adjectives from the given words with the help of suffixes and complete the table.
- •3. Pneumonia
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •What is pneumonia? What group of people can easily get pneumonia? Can it be treated at home?
- •Task 5. Put adverbs of frequency given in brackets into each sentence.
- •Task 6. Form adjectives from the given words with the help of suffixes and complete the table.
- •4. Bronchial asthma
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •What do you know about asthma? Is it a long-term suffering? Why the incidence of bronchial asthma is constantly growing?
- •Task 5. Find some verb patterns underlined in the text and complete the table on your own.
- • WORD-BUILDING
- •Task 6. Complete the table with suitable words.
- •UNIT III. GASTROINTESTINAL DISEASES
- •1. Anatomy and physiology of the gastrointestinal tract
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 5. Find verbs with prepositions underlined in the textand complete the table.
- • WORD-BUILDING
- •Task 6. Complete the table with suitable words.
- •2. Gastritis
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •Why do you think gastritis is so widespread among people of different ages? What recommendations should we follow to decrease its incidence?
- •Gastritis is an inflammation of the stomach or gastric mucosa. The word comes from the Greek gastro- meaning of the stomach and -itis meaning inflammation. This disease may persist acutely or chronically, depending on the cause.
- •Chronic gastritis is caused by benign or malignant ulcers or by the bacteria Helicobacter pylori; may also be caused by autoimmune diseases, dietary factors, medications, alcohol, smoking, or reflux.
- •The treatment usually consists of removing the irritant or the infection. Antibiotics (Clarithromycin, Amoxicillin), proton pump inhibitors and bismuth salts may be prescribed.
- •Task 5. Find gerends in the text and complete the table.
- • WORD-BUILDING
- •Task 6. Form adverbs from the given adjectives.
- •3. Appendicitis
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •What is appendicitis? What is thought to be the cause of appendicitis? How is appedicitits treated?
- •Task 5. Find Past Participles (Partciple II) in the text paying attention to their translation and give examples.
- • WORD-BUILDING
- •Task 6. Complete the table with suitable words and give appropriate examples.
- •4. Hepatitis
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •What is the main causative agent of hepatitis? Is it a contagious disease? What ways of transmission do you know?
- •Task 5. Find Present Participles (P I) and Past Participles (P II) in the text and complete the table.
- • WORD-BUILDING
- •Task 6. Complete the table with suitable words.
- •UNIT IV. INFECTIOUS DISEASES
- •1. Childhood infectious diseases
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •What childhood infectious diseases do you know? How can we prevent theses diseases? Why these diseases were lethal in the previous century?
- •Task 5. Match the colomns A, B and C to form the sentences.
- • WORD-BUILDING
- •Task 6. Complete the table with suitable words.
- •2. Measles
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •Have you heard anything about measles infection? Do you know anyone who caught measles in childhood?
- •Task 5. Find verb patterns underlined in the text and complete the table.
- •Present Simple Passive
- •Present Perfect Passive
- • WORD-BUILDING
- •Task 6. Complete the table with suitable words.
- •3. Chicken pox
- • VOCABULARY and PRONUNCIATION
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •What is chiken pox? Have you had chicken pox infection? If yes, how old were you? Is it a children infection?
- •Task 5. Make comparatives and superlatives of the following adjectives and adverbs.
- • WORD-BUILDING
- • VOCABULARY and PRONUNCIATION
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •Is diphtheria a dangerous disease nowadays? Can someone get diphtheria if not vaccinated?
- •Task 5. Form plural of the following nouns:
- •Bacteria, woman, virus, datum, person, case, infection, criteria, nasopharynx, bacillus, diagnosis, disease, man, datum, phenomenon, specimen, analysis.
- • WORD-BUILDING
- •Task 6. Form the opposite words with negative prefixes and complete the table.
- •UNIT V. SOCIAL DISEASES
- •1. Acquired immune deficiency virus
- •Task 1. Read out.
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •Is acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) a contagious and dangerous disease? What ways of transmission of the disease do you know? Is there any cure for AIDS?
- •Task 5. Find all participles II in the text and complete the table with a suitable participle followed by a certain noun. Give your own examples of adjectives or participles that can describe a noun.
- • WORD-BUILDING
- •Task 6. Make participles II and nouns from the following verbs.
- •2. Tuberculosis
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •What have you heard about tuberculosis infection? Do we still have a problem with tuberculosis incidence in Russia? How can we prevent the disease and its transmission?
- •Task 6. Form the words using negative prefixes and complete the table.
- •3. Addictions
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING AND SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •What addictions do you know? Can you list any addictive substances? Why some people use them? Is it a world-wide problem nowadays? What age group are susceptible to any type of addiction?
- •1. Addictions ______________ additive substances and process addictions.
- •2. Substance abuse disorders _______________ behavioral changes associated with regular substance abuse.
- •3. Substance dependence _________________ repeated use of a substance which usually results in tolerance and withdrawal.
- •4. Engaging in additive behavior ______________ exposure to peer pressure.
- •5. In alcohol abusers increase in drinking ______________ stress.
- • WORD-BUILDING
- •Task 6. Form the words using negative prefixes and complete the table.
- •4. Smoking
- •Task 1. Read out.
- • READING and SPEAKING
- •Task 2. Warm-up discussion.
- •Are you an active or passive smoker? Why do so many people nowadays smoke cigarettes? Why do medical specialists smoke if they no a lot about possible harmful effects? What programmes should be used to decrease smoking in our country?
- •1. What do you think are the main reasons of smoking?
- •2. List the effects of nicotine on human health.
- •3. Can nicotine cause physical and psychological dependence?
- •4. Will smoke quitting reduce the risk of health problems?
- •5. Does smoking cause an increase or decrease of the heart rate?
- •6. What is the effect of smoking on lipid levels in blood?
- •7. Is passive smoking as dangerous as active smoking and why?
- •Task 6. Form nouns from the given verbs and complete the table.
- •CONTENTS
good |
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bad |
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far |
further |
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many / much |
more |
the most |
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few / little |
less |
the least |
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WORD-BUILDING
Task 6. Complete the table with an appropriate noun or a verb. Find all the synonyms in the text.
Verb |
Noun |
Synonyms |
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breathe |
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inhale |
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breathe in |
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exhalation |
breathe out |
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– |
inspiration |
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expiration |
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aspirate |
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expectorate |
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coughing |
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WORK IN PAIRS
Task 7. Ask your partner about any medical terms relating to the topic and answer his/her questions.
Example 1. A: How do you say доля легкого in English? B: It’s lobe of the lung.
Example 2. A: What does respiration mean? B: It means дыхание.
Task 8. Complete the sentences.
1.The respiratory system consists of …
2.The upper respiratory tract includes …
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3.The lower respiratory tract includes …
4.There are two lungs: …
5.The lungs are located in …
6.There are two layers of the pleura: …
7.The visceral pleura lines …
8.The parietal pleura lines …
9.The respiratory process consists of …
10.The primary function of the respiratory system is … and its secondary function is …
Task 9. Discuss any information you know about the topic with a partner.
2.Influenza
VOCABULARY and PRONUNCIATION
Task 1. Read out.
1. |
respiratory |
3. |
flu |
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respiratory system |
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flu attack |
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respiratory rate |
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flu outbreak |
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respiratory illness |
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influenza virus |
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respiratory infection |
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influenza virus infection |
2. |
virus – viruses |
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influenza vaccine |
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influenza vaccination |
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virus disease |
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virus infection viral antigen viral particle antiviral drug antiviral antibody
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READING and SPEAKING
Task 2. What kind of disease is influenza? Is it dangerous? Do all people susceptible to this virus?
Task 3. Read the text and answer the questions.
Influenza is a very common disease, especially during the flu season (from October to April). It is caused by viruses that infect the respiratory tract.
Influenza viruses – cause the outbreaks and epidemics of respiratory illness. These viruses are very unusual because they are always changing. A series of changes is called “antigenic drift”. It is an abrupt change that results in new forms (subtypes) of the virus. Antigenic drift occurs only occasionally. When it occurs, large numbers of people, and sometimes the entire population, are without protective immunity. This can result in a catastrophic worldwide epidemic, called a pandemic, such as those that occurred in 1918, 1957 and 1968.
Influenza viruses spread through the air, mostly when an infected person sneezes, coughs, and speaks. Typical symptoms are abrupt fever, muscle and bone aches, tiredness, cough, sore throat, running nose, and headache. It lasts longer than most other common respiratory infections, often for a week or more. Symptoms typically appear 1-5 days after the infection.
Anyone can get influenza, but the risk of complications is the highest among persons who are older 65, adults and children with disorders of the lungs or heart, including asthma, diabetes, kidney diseases or immune system problems. Pregnant women and health-care workers are also at risk.
Most people usually recover in 1 to 2 weeks. However, some people develop serious complications such as pneumonia.
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Unfortunately, there is no cure for influenza. Rest and a lot of liquids are the main treatment. If necessary, the patient may be advised to take paracetamol to relieve fever and muscle aches. Since influenza is caused by virus, antibiotics have no effect against the infection. The antiviral drugs may prevent or reduce the severity of influenza.
It is thought that one of the ways to prevent influenza is to get a yearly flu vaccination. It is recommended for children, chronically ill persons, and the elderly. The best time to get a flu shot is between October and mid – November.
1.What is an infectious agent that causes influenza?
2.How do people get influenza?
3.What are the symptoms of influenza?
4.How soon after the exposure do symptoms appear?
5.Who is at risk for influenza?
6.What complications can result from influenza?
7.What is the treatment for influenza?
8.How can influenza be prevented?
Task 4. Are these statements true (T) or false (F)? If the statement is false, correct the statement.
1.There are several subtypes of the influenza virus.
2.The influenza virus spreads through water and direct contact.
3.Elderly patients are at lower risk for influenza.
4.There is some treatment but no cure against influenza.
5.Vaccination is obligatory for all people.
GRAMMAR
Task 5. Circle the right verb.
1. Influenza is / are a very common disease.
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