The importance of calcium

Calcium is a 1. _____ that strengthens your bones and teeth, and ensures everything runs smoothly with your muscles and nerves. It's especially important for 2. _____. Calcium can continue to add to the strength of your bones until you reach the age of 30 to 35, when peak bone mass is reached. After this point, as a natural part of the 3. _____ process, your bones lose their density and grow weaker. If you haven't had enough calcium in your diet 4. _____ this, there's an increased risk that your bones won't be strong enough to cope with any weakening, which can result in the 5. _____ bone disease, osteoporosis. Health 6. _____ estimate that one in three women and one in 12 men over the age of 50 suffer from osteoporosis. There's also 7. _____ that the diets of teenage girls and young women, 8. _____, aren't high enough in calcium. Some experts predict the future ould bring an osteoporosis epidemic in women. The Department of Health recommends that both men and women get 700 mg of calcium every day to 9. _____ good health. Realistically, this means one of the following:

a pint of milk;

two small tubs of plain or fruit yoghurt;

roughly 80 g of hard cheese.

The good news is, if you're concerned about your weight, getting the calcium you need doesn't have to mean eating or drinking 10. _____ foods. There's exactly the same amount of calcium in 11. _____ milk as there is in whole milk. The same goes for low-fat yoghurt and 12. _____ cheese. You don't have to buy their full-fat counterparts to look after your bones.

Task 2. Read the article below, some sentences are correct and there is an extra word in some of them, find the mistakes.

Calcium for vegans and the lactose intolerant

Of course, if your diet excludes milk and dairy products or if you can't tolerate the milk sugar lactose, then you need to look at for calcium alternatives.

You can keep your bones healthy by:

buying soya milks, yoghurts and cheeses enriched by with calcium;

eating lots of dark green leafy vegetables, such as so spinach, broccoli and watercress;

using almonds or sesame seeds as topping on salads, cereals or desserts;

snacking on dried fruits – apricots, dates and figs they all contain small amounts of calcium;

if you're not vegan, adding to sardines, prawns or anchovies to a main meal.

СРС 13

Task 1: Read the text with the dictionary and tell the difference between meat productions in New Zealand of meat productions in the European countries.

Use the verbs in brackets in the correct tense form.

The meat and wool industries (drive) by technological change throughout their history, with major advances that (transform) the industry including refrigeration and (accelerate) conditioning and ageing. Much of the technological change that has (sustain) and enhanced the viability of the meat industry (be) incremental innovations including meat processing automation machinery and engineering, meat quality enhancement and packaging innovation. Major advances in productivity and new product development may come from modern biotechnology, and Meat New Zealand recently (enter) into a joint venture partnership with the Wool Board and AgResearch to fund Ovita, a company established to commercialize knowledge of sheep genomics. There (be) also great potential for incremental advances in farm management and

Productivity, as well as gains achievable from medium-term advances in strategic

science and technology.

There is very significant publicly and privately funded longer-term research focused on increasing productivity and innovation in the meat industry. New Zealand (have) a leading edge position in sheep genomics, mainly through AgResearch, with some complementary capabilities in Otago, Massey and Lincoln universities and in the private sector. Supporting resources include

a range of sheep selection lines and families held by AgResearch, Massey and

Lincoln universities and farmers.

Some progress (make) in developing the sheep gene map to identify markers for use in marker-assisted selection programmers and to target specific genes in order to secure a robust intellectual property position based on known function and potential applications.

The meat industry (stand) to achieve major gains from ongoing market access and trade negotiation activities and this (remain) a top priority policy focus. There will also be considerable policy focus on protecting New Zealand’s existing access to quota-controlled markets and on ensuring that quota to these markets (manage) by New Zealand.

The New Zealand Meat Board ("Meat New Zealand") (reach) agreement in principle with Sheepco to establish a combined meat and wool industry good body. This proposal (need) support from farmers and from government (for legislative amendments) to proceed. The proposed new body would raise meat and wool levies under the Commodity Levies Act (CLA) framework to support R&D and other industry good activities. It should be noted that the new body (cover) sheep meat, beef and wool research but not venison. The greater responsiveness

and accountability to farmers under the CLA framework (improve) the performance of industry good activities over time.

GLOSSARY

1. cull – 1) а) отбраковка (скота); отстрел (животных, для регулиро- вания популяции) • the annual seal cull – ежегодный отстрел тюленей б) отбракованный нагульный скот

2) отбракованный материалculls – откомлёвка, бракованная часть древесины 3) обычно отходы; отбросы • cull lumber – древесные отходы, неделовые остатки древесины

4) выбирать, отбирать • to cull the best passages from the work – отобрать лучшие места из работы; Syn: choose, select 2. 5) = cull out – браковать, отбраковывать (скот); отстреливать (животных, для регулирования популяции) 6) собирать, срывать (цветы, фрукты); Syn: gather, pick II 1., pluck 2. 7) отходы; отбросы; брак 8) браковать (напр., материал, не со-

ответствующий требованиям); собирать; сортировать 9) некондиционные материалы; отбраковка, отсортировка || отбраковывать, отсортировывать

2. entitlement – 1) название, наименование; Syn: name, appellation 2) (официальное) право (на что-л.)

3. lamb – 1) ягниться, котиться (об овцах) 2) ухаживать за овцами во

время окота

4. levy – 1) сбор, взимание (пошлин, налогов); обложение (налогом), сумма обложения • They imposed a 5% levy on alcohol. – Они наложили пятипроцентный налог на алкоголь. 2) а) призыв (на военную службу), набор рекрутов б) = levies – набранные рекруты, новобранцы – levy in mass 2. 3) взимать (налог); облагать (налогом); вводить налоговые ставки. Taxes should be levied more on the rich than on the poor. – Налоговое бремя

должно лежать больше на богатых, чем на бедных. They are going to have to levy some new taxes. – Они собираются ввести ещё несколько налогов. Syn: tax 4) набирать рекрутов, призывать (на военную службу) They are new levied men, and so undisciplined. – Они только что призваны и поэтому ещё недисциплинированны. 5) начинать, вести (какое-л. дело); заниматься (чем-л.) levy war 6) налог; сбор; взимание (налогов) 7) облагать (нало-

гом, пошлиной) • levy of taxes

5. marginal throughput – 1) а) крайний, предельный • marginal production costs б) минимальный • semiliterate person of marginal ability – полуграмотный человек с минимальными способностями • marginal profit – минимальная прибыль 2) незначительный, несущественный, неважный

He regards violence as a marginal rather than a central problem. – Он рассматривает насилие скорее как малозначительную, не являющуюся центральной, проблему. marginal member of Parliament – член парламента, избранный незначительным большинством; Syn: inessential, immaterial, minor 1., peripheral, piddling, inconsequent, inconsequential

6. quota entitlement – доля, квота, часть • production quota – доля в общем производстве или сбыте • to assign / establish / fix / set a quota – определять количество • to fill / fulfill / meet a quota – составлять квоту • toexceed one's quota – превосходить квоту • import quota; Syn: share

7. throughput – 1) пропускная способность 2) количество сырья, ма-

териала, израсходованного за определённый срок 3) производительность,

выработка 4) производство 5) энергия, активность

СРС 14

Task 1. Read and render the text.