Самостійна робота

UNIT 2

WHAT DO PSYCHOLOGISTS DO?

1.Read and translate the text

Who is a psychologist? A psychologist is a person who deals with psychology. Psychology is present in different branches of our life, knowing about psychology may not give all the answers but it helps to ask the right questions. A psychologist studies the mind and behaviour to learn more about it. He or she may also work with the people to help solve problems.

Psychologists may be divided into two groups.

Academic psychologists do research. In the research area specializations exist in the following areas: experimental and physiological, developmental, social, personality, cross-cultural psychology. Professional psychologists, on the other hand, use the results of research work and put them into practice.

Psychology is a science with many areas of specialization. The most practiced specialization is clinical and counseling psychology. A branch of medicine that specializes in abnormal behaviour and psychotherapy is psychiatry. Psychiatrists are doctors that use physical treatment like drugs. But clinical psychologists develop programmes to teach people better ways of coping with their lives. Counseling psychologists help people to deal with the stresses of everyday life.

Psychologists who study behaviour and mental processes in the life cycle are developmental psychologists.

Educational psychologists study children’s learning and adjustment.

Health psychology is a very broad area. The aspects of it are health education problems, antismoking campaigns, anti-AIDS campaigns, healthy diets.

Environmental psychologists are specialists in how people are affected by the environment. They act as consultants for new architectural developments, in approaches to reducing crime through the design of the city.

Forensic psychologists deal with many aspects of crime: analyzing the reasons of committing crimes, rehabilitation of criminals.

Sport psychologists work with coaches and sportsmen, advise on how to reduce stress, develop better training systems.

Consumer psychologists study how people spend their money. They take part in designing shops, shelf lay-outs. They do advertising and market research, study how the products can come to the markets.

As we can see, professional psychologists can be found at work in almost any area of dealing with people.

applied psychology – практична психологія

experimental psychology – експериментальна психологія

cognitive psychology – когнітивна психологія

educational psychology – педагогічна психологія

developmental psychology – вікова психологія

abnormal psychology – патопсихологія

forensic psychologists– судові психологи

developmental psychologists – спеціалісти з психології розвитку

behaviour – поведінка

behaviorism – біхевіоризм

activity – діяльність

conscious – свідомий

unconscious – несвідомий

approach – підхід

research – дослідження

sensation – відчуття

EXERCISES

2. Read and transcribe the following words.

Psychologist, person, deal, branch, research, area, result, psychiatry, treatment, cope, adjustment, campaign, reduce, criminal, coach, analyze, analysis, product, commit, consumer, following, advertising.

3. Give the Ukrainian equivalents to the words.

Different branches, to solve problems, to do research, following areas, to put into practice, to use physical treatment, to develop programmes, to cope with stress, broad area, healthy diet, to reduce crime, to commit a crime, coaches and sportsmen.

4. Give the English equivalents to the words and word combinations.

Мати справу з психологією, ставити правильні питання, область дослідження, застосовувати на практиці, патологічна поведінка, використовувати ліки, розробляти програми, кампанії проти куріння, психічні процеси, справлятися із стресами, широка область, скорочувати злочинність, скоїти злочин, аналізувати причини, тренери і спортсмени, рекламні дослідження, брати участь.

5. Finish the phrase.

to deal with ………………. to solve ……………..

area of …………………….. physical ……………

healthy ……………………. to cope with ……….

architectural ……………… to reduce……………

to analyze …………………. to do market ……….

6. Give derivatives of the following words.

Society, different, solve, experiment, treat, normal, follow, profession, health, architecture, reduce, crime, consume, stress.

7. Find in the text the word that corresponds to the definition.

a) social way of living; system of living in organized communities

b) series of planned activities having a definite purpose

c) used in courts and in law

d) offence for which there is severe punishment by law

e) person who uses, buys goods

f) region of the earth surface; scope or range or activity

g) condition causing depression, mental illness, trouble

h) the art and science of the prevention and cure of disease

i) coins stamped on metal or printed on paper and accepted when buying or selling

j) study of the reasons why people buy, or do not buy certain goods

Unit 3

CHARACTER AND APPEARANCE

1.Read and translate the text

Beauty

How important is your appearance? Although everyone wants to be good-looking, are beautiful people always happier people? For example, it must be a problem to be a really beautiful woman, because some men may be more interested in looking at you than talking to you. They think of you as a picture rather than a person. There are also some people who think that women who are exceptionally pretty and men who are particularly handsome must be stupid. They believe that only unattractive people can be intelligent.

On the other hand, no one wants to be really ugly, and have a face that nobody wants to look at; and no one wants to be plain either — that is to be neither attractive nor unattractive, and have a face that is easily forgotten.

Being attractive is like being rich — it can help you find happiness, but it doesn't always make you happy. So maybe the best thing is not to worry about how you look, but simply try to be an interesting person. For interesting people have interesting faces, and interesting faces are almost always attractive.

VOCABULARY

Appearance – зовнішність

unattractive – привабливий

intelligent – розумний

handsome –гарний

stupid – глупий

to be good-looking – бути гарним

to be interested – цікавитись

EXERCISES

2.Answer the following questions

1. Is your appearance important to you?

2. Is it right to think that only unattractive people are intelligent?

3. Does it do good to be an interesting person?

3. Say which of these statements are true or false

1. Everyone wants to be good-looking.

2. Beautiful people are always the happiest people.

3. If a woman is beautiful, some men may be more interested in looking at her than talking to her.

4. Stupid people are mostly ugly.

5. Only unattractive people can be intelligent.

6. If a person is attractive, she will be happy.

7. Interesting people always have interesting faces

8. Interesting faces are almost always attractive.

4. Match these words having the opposite meanings:

interesting	stupid
ugly	plain
unattractive	beautiful
intelligent	poor
happy	attractive
rich	unhappy

5.Practice the conversation substituting these words and questions. Answer with personal information.

1. What attracts you in people: appearance or intelligence?

2. Are you satisfied with yourself? Would you like to change your appearance?

3. Are beautiful people always happier than the others?

4. What is more important for you: your appearance or your character and intelligence?

5. Can only unattractive people be intelligent? Is there any “happy medium”?

6. Is it right to judge a person by his appearance?

7. What fairy – tales prove this idea?

8. What proverbs about appearance do you know?

6.Give the most distinctive features of the appearance and character from the box. Complete the following word-combinations using the words from the right-hand column.

1) a doctor	Attentiveness
	Kindness
2) a writer	Responsibility
	Observation
3) a sportsman	Objectivity
	Truthfulness
4) a teacher	Endurance
	Self-control
5) a programmer	Purposefulness
	Tolerance
6) a psychologist	Cordiality
	Persistence
7) a lawyer	Boldness
	Intelligence