- •Vocabulary
- •Investigation
- •Texts for written translation Text 1 Crime and Punishment
- •Text 2 Defiant Khodorkovsky denies all charges
- •Text 3 Ирония судьбы
- •Text 5 Война ведь
- •Text 6 When age is just a number
- •Text 7 Еще раз о правосудии
- •Text 8 Hijacked Jets Destroy Twin Towers and Hit Pentagon
- •Text 9 Трагедия в церкви
- •Text 10 Down with the Death Penalty
- •Texts for sight translation Text 1 Kholodov Appeal Rejected
- •Text 2 Human trafficking and slave trade
- •Text 3 Attorney jailed in Spanish probe
- •Text 4 Too immature for the death penalty?
- •Text 5 An end to killing kids
- •Vocabulary
- •Texts for written translation Text 1 Russian Television in the era of managed media
- •Text 2 The golden years
- •Text 3 The nineties
- •Text 4 Today
- •Text 6 San Francisco center keeps muckraking alive
- •Text 7 The center for investigative reporting
- •Text 8 Новый жанр публицистики
- •Text 9 When Love Backfires
- •Texts for sight translation Text 1 Overview
- •Text 2 To join the elite it’s tv that counts
- •Text 3 Sweden Pushes Ban on Children’s Ads
- •Texts for written translation Text 1 The age of genes
- •Text 2 Heart disease: an alternative to transplant
- •Text 3 Dispute over Stem Cells: a Timeline
- •Text 4 Встречают по уму
- •Text 5 The New Role of Microbes in Bio-Fuel Production
- •Text 6 Scientists Build a Custom Chromosome
- •Text 7 Scientists Revisit Power from Potatoes
- •Text 8 New Earth-Size Planet Found
- •Text 9 Плутон в первом приближении
- •Text 10 Genetically engineered prize fish cause concern
- •Texts for sight translation Text 1
- •Text 2 Briton, Japanese Share Nobel Prize for Medicine
- •Text 3 Google Plans New Solar Mirror Technology
- •References
Text 8 Новый жанр публицистики
Появился и все больше развивается новый жанр публицистики – журналистское расследование. У этого творческого направления уже славная история. Самый большой успех был, конечно, у американских журналистов, когда они обнаружили, раскопали «уотергейтский скандал», который окончился тем, что в отставку подал президент могущественной страны. Весь мир с восхищением следил за ходом расследования, начатого скромными работниками газеты.
В отечественной прессе жанр расследования стал активно развиваться в семидесятые годы. Вопреки строгим цензурным ограничениям, изобретательно обходя запреты ЦК КПСС, в «Литературной газете» два десятилетия печатались «Эксперименты ЛГ», которые были поддержаны миллионами читателей.
Сейчас у российских СМИ имеются более широкие возможности для развития этого трудного, но столь необходимого всему обществу жанра. Появились и энтузиасты, которые самостоятельно «разгребают навоз в конюшнях». Все чаще в СМИ мелькает название рубрики «Расследования». Однако публикуемые материалы не всегда соответствуют смыслу рубрики. По большей части, это публикации готовых судебных расследований, к проведению которых журналисты не имеют никакого отношения.
Что же такое журналистское расследование?
Журналистское расследование не может появиться на свет без инициативы, идеи и усилий со стороны журналиста. Это материал, обладающий высокой новостной ценностью и большой значимостью для общества. Расследование основывается на множестве источников информации – людях, документах, данных и личном наблюдении. Во многих случаях на поверхность выплывают материалы, которые власти предпочли бы не раскрывать. Но иногда в материалах содержится информация, полученная непосредственно от представителей власти.
Джин Робертс, в прошлом редактор «Филадельфия инкуайерер», одной из самых известных американских газет, специализирующихся на расследованиях, сказал, что журналистское расследование заключается «не в том, чтобы застать политика со спущенными штанами или выявить отдельное нарушение закона, а в том, чтобы докапываться до фактов, лежащих глубоко под поверхностью, чтобы помочь читателю в понимании того, что происходит в нашем все более сложном мире». (www.relga.rsu.ru, Лариса Чиликина) [3]
Text 9 When Love Backfires
Reporters have a crush on Barack Obama. Could that help John McCain win the election?
In the closing days of the 1992 presidential campaign, President George H.W. Bush took to waving a bumper sticker with the slogan “Annoy the media – reelect Bush”. Four years later, Senator Bob Dole asked voters to "rise up" against media that were trying to "steal these elections". Complaining about the liberal media is a signature of losing Republican campaigns. It doesn’t work because whining doesn't look presidential and because annoying the media tends to be pretty low on voters' to-do lists.
But now John McCain, who once enjoyed excellent relations with reporters, is criticizing the press. Frustrated by his inability to get attention amid the wall-to-wall coverage of Barack Obama's foreign tour, McCain released a Web ad accusing journalists of nursing crushes on the Democrat. Among the ad's highlights: a clip in which NBC reporter Lee Cowan confesses that "it's almost hard to remain objective" while covering Obama because the energy of his campaign is so "infectious". The ad is lighthearted, but the McCain team's frustration is obvious.
Journalists have put up several lines of self-defense. Obama is on more magazine covers in part, they note, because those issues sell better than McCain covers. McCain is a familiar figure who has been involved in presidential politics for nearly a decade while Obama's rapid rise – from state senator to presidential nominee in four years – is part of what makes him a compelling story.
That McCain's complaint is sometimes overstated and imprudent, however, does not mean that it is wrong. The political press corps has a problem when Jon Stewart lampoons reporters for being even more in the tank for Obama than he is.
Why are the media so smitten with Obama? Journalists have an affinity for the Democratic nominee in part because he is a wordsmith and they make a living manipulating words and symbols, so they have a special appreciation for his gifts. But another part of the reason is, yes, plain old liberal bias. McCain was a press darling when he was a maverick dissenting from the Republican Party from points left. Obama has become one by succeeding as a down the line liberal. When McCain decided this time around to court conservative Republican voters as much as liberal reporters, the coverage of him became more critical. Notice a pattern?
At this point, denying that the press has a liberal tilt, particularly on social issues, is like denying that the universities have one. Surveys of reporters show that they have more liberal views than the public; surveys of the public show that readers and viewers pick up on it. The silver lining for McCain is that the media's bias has sometimes backfired on liberals. One reason gun control and abortion have repeatedly been landmines for Democrats is that reporters never issued any warning signs. The press has long underestimated the political risks in liberalism. Obama's Reverend Wright fiasco was a case in point. Even though the two men have close ties, the press gave little scrutiny to the radical preacher for a year after Obama's campaign began. When attention finally came, Obama gave a speech that tried to shift the focus from their relationship to the rest of the country's racial wounds. He was rewarded with rapturous coverage. The next day, the New York Times ran a "news analysis" calling the speech "hopeful, patriotic [and] quintessentially American" and comparing him to John F. Kennedy and Abraham Lincoln. It took a few more weeks for Obama to realize that he had to take the final step and repudiate Wright.
Media bias poses only one serious danger to McCain. One of Obama's standard tactics has been to predict that McCain would "play on our fears", "exploit our differences" and stir up "fake controversy" to win this fall. It's a clever move; it simultaneously paints McCain as a brute while making him think twice about hitting back - the harder McCain hits, after all, the more it will look as though he is stirring up fake controversy. Too many reporters have bought that spin, and that's a problem. McCain doesn't need reporters to fall out of love with Obama. But he does need to be allowed to make the case against the Democrat. (TIME, by Ramesh Ponnuru)