на 6 семестр New

UNIT 1

Структура письма

Letterhead with the Sender’s (Return or Outside) Address and the date Readers should always be able to quickly locate your contact information. This information is located at the top of the business letter in the return address or in the letterhead. The letterhead and the date the letter is sent (usually printed two lines below the letterhead) make up the heading.

Letterheads

a) Type of company

b) Board of Directors

c) Addresses

d) Date

Date The date should be written below the sender's address. The month in the date should not be written in figures. for example, 11.01.93 means 11th January 1993 in the UK . Also we shouldn't abbreviated the month.

Inside Address is the receiver's address. It includes the name of the person you are writing to, followed by the person's home address or by the person's business title, department, company name and company address

The order in which to write the address is as follows:

- Name of addressee

- (Addressee’s job title)

- (Company name)

- House number and street

- Name of town or city and postal code

- Name of country

a) Surname known

If you know the surname of the person you are writing to, you write this on the first line of the address, preceded by a courtesy title and either the person's initial(s) or his/her first given name.

Write the addressee’s surname on the first line, preceded by a courtesy title and the person’s first name or initials.

Mr - is the usual courtesy title for a man.

Mrs ['misiz]) is used for a married woman.

Miss is used for an unmarried woman.

Ms ( [miz] or [mǝz]) is used for both married and unmarried women.

Messrs is used for two or more men

There are a lot of special titles such as

: Doctor (Dr.), Professor(Prof.); military titles: Captain (Capt.) General (Gen.); aristocratic title: Sir (which means that he is a Knight.

References References are quoted to indicate what the letter refers to (Your Ref.) and the correspondence to refer to when replying (Our Ref.).

Your ref –incoming

Our ref – out-going

Attention line When you cannot address a business letter to a particular person, use an attention line. Use the attention line if you want an organization to respond even if the person you write to is unavailable.

Salutation The salutation directly addresses the recipient of the letter and is followed by a colon. Salutations add a personal touch to your letter.. Dear followed by a courtesy title and the person's surname. Initials or first names are not generally used in salutations: Dear Mr Smith, not Dear Mr J. Smith or Dear Mr John Smith.

Subject line Some firms open their letters with a subject line. This provides a further reference, saves introducing the subject in the first paragraph, immediately draws attention to the topic of the letter, and allows the writer to refer to it throughout the letter.

Re: Application for post of typist.

Body The actual message of course is contained in the body of the letter. The body of a business letter is typically single–spaced and has three paragraphs:

 introductory (first) paragraph

 one or more main (middle) paragraphs

 concluding (final) paragraph

Introductory paragraph

The first sentence or paragraph of a letter is an important one since it sets the tone of the letter and gives your reader his first impression of you and your company.

Main paragraph(s)

This is the main part of your letter and will concern the points that need to be made, answers you wish to give, or questions you want to ask.

Concluding paragraph

When closing the letter, you should thank the person for writing, if your letter is a reply and if you have not done so at the beginning.

Complimentary Close We can use “Yours faithully”; “Yours sincerely”

"Yours sincerely" when you know the person you are addressing, i.e. Mr. Smith.

Use "Yours faithfully" when you are starting your letter with Dear Sir/Madam, or a similar construction.

Signature Always type your name after your handwritten signature and your position in the firm after your typed signature. This is known as the signature block.

Enclosure line To make sure that the recipient knows that items accompany the letter in the same envelope, use such indications as "Enclosure," "Encl.," "Enc.," "Enclosures (2)."

Copy line Stands for courtesy copies (formerly carbon copies). List the names of people to whom you distribute copies, in alphabetical order.

If you do not want your reader to know about the other copies, type bc (blind copy) on the copies only, not the original.

Типы писем

SALES LETTER A sales letter is a document designed to generate sales. It persuades the reader to place an order;... to request additional information; or to lend support to the product or service or cause being offered.

INQUIRY LETTER A letter of inquiry is a letter of request. An inquiry is sent when a person wants advice, names, directions or some information.

REPLIES TO INQUIRY A letter of response answers the questions asked in an inquiry letter. The objective is to satisfy the reader with an action that fulfills the request.

COUNTER-PROPOSALS It may happen that a customer deems prices too high. Then he will give the seller his reasons why the price should be reduced.

ORDER The objective of an order is to provide detailed instructions to a vendor fulfilling it. It is also serves as a legal document recording the transaction.

COMPLAINT The objective is to provide detailed information regarding the error or defect and to request some sort of compensation for defective or damaged merchandise or for inadequate or delayed services.

ADJUSTMENT The objective is to inform a customer of a corrective measure that will resolve an unsatisfactory situation.

UNIT 1 An introduction to business writing.

1. Why is correspondence

essential?

(?) 2. What are the purposes for writing business letters? (at least 10)

4. Why is it important to analyze the audience you are writing to?

Correspondence is essential in establishing and confirming transactions in commerce. It is also an important tool we can use to market our business, our company .

A business letter is a formal method of communication between two or more companies. For Example:

to express our feelings, to explore an idea, to inform people, to argue for or against an idea, entertain or amuse listeners, to explain an idea, to persuade others to believe or act in a certain way, to mediate or negotiate a solution.

As a writer, you should anticipate the needs or expectations of your audience in order to convey information or argue for a particular claim. You need to know your audience before you start writing.

3. What strategies can be used to achieve your purpose?

5. What categories of audience do you know? Can you characterize them?

6. What are the main types of business letters? Characterize each of them.

For example:

- definition

- illustration and example

- classification

- camparison and contrast

- analysis

- description

- process analysis

- narration

- cause/ effect analysis

Well, Three categories of audience are the "lay" audience, the "managerial" audience, and the “experts”.

- The lay audience has no special knowledge.

- The managerial audience have more knowledge than the lay audience about subject or something else, but they need knowledge so they can make a decision about the issue.

- The "experts" may be the most demanding audience in terms of knowledge, presentation, graphics or visuals.

Acknowledgement letters - Letting someone know you have received something sent to you.

Complaint Letters - Customers asking that certain situations should be corrected.

Adjustment Letter - Response to a complaint letter.

Application Letter - A sales letter, marketing your skills, abilities and knowledge.

Acceptance Letters - Accepting a job offer

Resignation Letter - is a official letter sent by an employee to their employer giving notice of dismiss

Reference Letters - Recommending someone for employment.

Inquiry Letters - To request assistance, information, or merchandise.

Refusal [rɪˈfjuːzəl] Letters - Refuse some kind of request.

7. Make sure you know the difference in the meaning of the verbs: to inquire, to require, to request.

INSIDE ADRESS

to inquire - (запрашивать) to ask for information

to require - (требовать) to need smth or make smth necessary

to request - (просить) the act of politely asking for smth

The inside address is the receiver's address. It includes the name of the person you are writing to, followed by the person's home address or by the person's business title, department , company name and company address.????

UNIT 2 Business letter layout.

1. Can you name the components of a business letter?

1. Letterhead with the Sender’s or Return Address or Outside Address and the date; 2. Inside Address; 3. References; 4. Attention Line; 5. Salutation; 6. Subject Line; 7. Body; 8. Complimentary Close; 9. Signatures; 10. Enclosure Lines; 11. Copy Line

2. Why is it essential for business letters to have a rather strict format?

First of all because a business letter is an effective way to communicate a message and its format should allow readers to quickly grasp information

3. What makes up the heading?

The heading of a business letter should contain the return address followed by a line with the date. The heading is indented to the middle of the page in the modified block and semi-block styles.

4. How many pages could a business letter be? What pages can be printed on letterhead stationary? What is the layout for the subsequent pages?

5. What does the letterhead consist of? What types of companies can you came across in the letterhead? How should you write dates?

6. What courtesy titles do you know? What other titles can you use to address the person you are writing to?

О том, Inside address

Business letter can be on one or two pages.

We can print only the first page of any letter on letterhead stationary.

And layout for the subsequent pages looking like this:

- the name

- page

- the date

Ms. Mary Brown

Page 2

February 24, 2007

Do not number the first page.

Letterhead usually includes a business's logo, name, address and contact information such as phone or fax number, email address and company website.

For example we can came across in the letterhead 1) the abbreviation Ltd after company's name tells us that the company has limited liability. – private limited companies whose shares are not available; Inc. – in the USA

2) Also the abbreviation PLC (Public Limited Company) is used to show that the company's shares can be bought by the public.

3) the abbreviation &Co tells us that the company is a partnership between two or more people

The date should be written below the sender's address, sometimes separated from it by a space. In the case of correspondence with a printed letterhead, it is also usually written on the right-hand side of the page.

The month in the date should not be written in figures. for example, 11.01.93 means 11th January 1993 in the UK but 1st November 1993 in the USA Also we shouldn't abbreviated the month.

Courtesy titles:

Mr - is the usual courtesy title for a man.

Mrs ['misiz]) is used for a married woman.

Miss is used for an unmarried woman.

Ms ( [miz] or [mǝz]) is used for both married and unmarried women.

Messrs is used for two or more men

alsoThere are a lot of special titles such as

: Doctor (Dr.), Professor(Prof.); military titles: Captain (Capt.) General (Gen.); aristocratic title: Sir [sɜː] (which means that he is a Knight [naɪt].

Surname known.

If you know the surname of the person you are writing to, you write this on the first line of the address, preceded by a courtesy title and the person’s first name or initials.

7. What are the ways of addressing a letter? (when you know only the department, the company etc.)

8. What do we need references for? Is attention line optional or compulsory?

9. What is salutation followed by? When can we use the phrase “To Whom It May Concern”?

Department known - alternatively you can address your letter to a particular department of the company (for example. The Sales Department, The Accounts Department).

Company known - if you know nothing about the company and do not want to make any assumptions about the person or department your letter should go to, you can simply address it to the company itself (for example Soundsonic Ltd., Messrs Collier & Clerke & Co.)

Title known

If you do not know the name of the person you are writing to, you may know or be able to assume his/her title or position in this company, (for example The Sales Manager, The Finance Director), so that you can use it in the address.

References are quoted to indicate what the letter refers to (Your Ref.) and the correspondence to refer to when replying (Our Ref.).

References may either appear in figures, for example 661/17 in which case 661 may refer to the chronological number of the letter and 17 to the number of the department, or, DS/MR, in which case DS stands for Donald Sampson, the writer, and MR for his secretary, Mary Raynor.

We also use reference when we want to say about a subject of conversation.

Your ref –incoming

Our ref – out-going

The salutation followed by colon. When a friendly, familiar [fəˈmɪlɪə], sociable tone is intended, in which case a comma is used.

Dear followed by a courtesy title and the person's surname. Initials or first names are not generally used in salutations: Dear Mr Smith, not Dear Mr J. Smith or Dear Mr John Smith.

If you don’t know the name of the person you are writing to you may use:

Dear Sir opens a letter written to a man whose name you do not know.

Dear Sirs is used to address a company. Dear Madam is used to address a woman, whether single or married, whose name you do not know. Dear Sir/Madam is used to address a person of whom you know neither the name or the sex.

"To Whom It May Concern" is also a salutation you may use when you know neither the person not the organisation that could be interested in your letter.

10. What is the role of the subject line in a business letter?

11. What are the paragraphs of a business letter? What does each of them serve for?

12. What complimentary close can you use?

This provides a further reference, saves introducing the subject in the first paragraph, immediately draws attention to the topic of the letter, and allows the writer to refer to it throughout the letter.

Re: Application for post of typist.

Re: заявление на должность машинистки.

: - Colon.

The paragraphs of a business letter:

· Introductory paragraph - you will thank your correspondent for his, introduce yourself and your company if necessary, state the subject of the letter, and set out the purpose of the letter.

· Main paragraph(s) - This is the main part of your letter and will concern the points that need to be made, answers you wish to give, or questions you want to ask

· Concluding paragraph - When closing the letter, you should thank the person for writing, if your letter is a reply and if you have not done so at the beginning. Encourage further enquiries or correspondence, and mention that you look forward to hearing from your correspondent soon

We can use «Yours faithfully» [ˈfeɪθf(ə)lɪ ; «Yours sincerely» [sɪnˈsɪəlɪ]

"Yours sincerely" when you know the person you are addressing, For example Mr. Smith.

Use "Yours faithfully" when you are starting your letter with Dear Sir/Madam, or a similar construction.

13. What does a signature block include? What does p.p. (per procurationem) stand for?

14. What are the last two components of a business letter? What do the abbreviations cc: and bc: stand for?

15. What are the formats of business letters? What are the differences between them?

1 Always type your name after your handwritten signature and your position in the firm after your typed signature. The signature block includes your signature between the complimentary close and your typed name.

2 The term per pro (p.p.) is sometimes used in signatures and means for and on behalf of. Secretaries sometimes use p.p. when signing [ˈsaɪnɪŋ] letters on behalf of their bosses.

2 The traditional way to use pp when signing a letter on someone else's behalf is to place pp before one's own name rather than before the name of the other person.

The last two components of a business leter are Enclosure lines and Copy lines.

Enclosure lines use to make sure that the recipient knows that items accompany the letter in the same envelope.

cc - courtesy copies (formerly carbon copies). [ˈkɜːtɪsɪ] List the names of people to whom you distribute copies, in alphabetical order.

If you do not want your reader to know about the other copies, type bc (blind copy) on the copies only, not the original.

bc - blind copy.

There are three types of Business letter formats

1) the full block style

2) the modified block style

3) the modified semi-block style

Each is written in much the same way, including the same information, but the layout varies slightly for each one. Also that full block letters are a little more than modified block letter.

The main characteristic of full block letters is that everything (except maybe a pre–printed letterhead) is flush [flʌʃ] with the left margin. [ˈmɑːʤɪn] Full block letters are a little more formal than modified block letters.

The main characteristic of modified block letters is that everything is flush [flʌʃ] with the left margin (except the sender’s address, date, references, complimentary close, signatures and your title). Modified block letters are a little less formal than full block letters.

Modified semi–block letters are the same as modified block letters, except the paragraphs are indented. Modified semi–block letters are a little less formal than full block letters.

UNIT 3

Content and style in business correspondence.

1. Why do executives prefer written documents to other forms of communication?

2. What are the main rules for successful business letter writing? Characterize each of them.

3. What are seven c’s that you should follow?

Executives prefer written documents because the document can serve as a contract, the facts will be on record in writing, and executives don't have to rely [rɪˈlaɪ] on memory.

Руководители предпочитают письменные документы, потому что документ может служить контрактом, факты будут записаны в письменной форме, и руководителям не нужно полагаться на память.

1)State the main business, purpose, or subject matter right away. Let the reader know from the very first sentence what your letter is about. 2) If you are responding to a letter, identify that letter by its subject and date in the first paragraph or sentence. To avoid problems, identify the date and subject of the letter to which you respond. 3) Keep the paragraphs of most business letters short. create relatively short paragraphs of between three and eight lines long. 4) "Compartmentalize" the contents of your letter. Study each paragraph of your letters for its purpose, content, or function.

5) Place important information strategically in business letters. Information in the first and last lines of paragraphs tends to be read and remembered better. Therefore, place important information in high–visibility points. 6) Find positive ways to express bad news in your business letters. avoid such words as "cannot," "forbid," "fail," "impossible," "refuse," "prohibit," "restrict," and "deny" as much as possible. 7) Focus on the recipient's needs, purposes, or interests instead of your own. Avoid a self–centred focusing on your own concerns rather than those of the recipient. 8) Give your business letter an "action ending" whenever appropriate. An "action–ending" makes clear what the writer of the letter expects the recipient to do and when. 9) Length [leŋθ] as long as necessary and this will depend on the subject of the letter 10) Keep your sentence average length low between 15 and 20 words [wɜːdz] 11) Use simple words rather than complex ones everyday words will help you get your message across. Too often we use words such as additional, indicate, initiate and proliferate for extra, show, start and spread. 12) Order and sequence [ˈsiːkwəns] your letter should make all the necessary points in a logical sequence, with each idea or piece of information linking up with the previous one in a pattern that can be followed. 13) Use active verbs rather than passive verbs Active verbs make your writing simpler, less formal, clearer and more precise. 14) Prepositions Special care should be taken when using prepositions. There is a big difference between “The price has been increased to/by/from £15.00”

Clear

Concise

· Correct

· Courteous [ˈkɜːtɪəs]

· Conversational

· Convincing

· Complete

Понятный

Краткий

· Правильный

* Вежливый [kkttəəs]

· Разговорный

· Убедительный

· Полный

UNIT 4 In-company correspondence. Memorandums.

1. What is memos?

2. What differs a memo from a business letter?

3. Is a memo always a right solution to communicate a matter?

Memorandums are internal business letters which advise or inform employees of policies [ˈpɒlɪsɪs] and procedures [prəˈsiːʤəs] that their company has decided to adopt. The main topic of the memorandum is the announcing important information.

Memos can be as formal as business letters. However, the heading and overall tone make a memo different from a business letter. Because you generally send memos to co–workers and colleagues, you do not have to include a formal salutation.

A memo is usually informal, short, concise, and to the point. It is used to call a meeting or to call an individual to action. It has a header which indicates where it comes from, who it is addressed to, the date, and the subject of the memo. It can be addressed to a single person or to all of the people in the company, while business letters is exchanged between businesses and their clients [ˈklaɪənts]. It contains more words and information and uses formal language. Each word in a business letter is carefully selected and planned for since it is intended for communicating with people who are vital [vaɪtl] to a business or company.

Not always, because new ideas of solving the problem may stem from face-to-face discussions and by writing a memo in this scenario , we may never invent different ways of solving the problem. So, before writing a memo, outline what your purpose is for doing so, and decide if the memo is the best communication channel.

4. What are the purposes of memos?

5. What can the audience for memos be?

6. What information does a memo heading provide?

Usually you write memos to give readers specific information. You might also write a memo to persuade others to take actions, give feedback on an issue, or react to a situation. However, most memos communicate basic information, such as meeting times or due dates.

- The goals may also be to request some information from other employees or team members to resolve small issues.

The typical audience for a memo is your colleagues and co-workers.

But also we can write memos to employees from other companies or other departments within our company.

A memo's heading provides information about who will receive the memo, who is sending the memo, the date and the memo's subject.

////

This information may be bolded or highlighted in some way. For example:

To

From

Date

Subject

7. What tone is used for memos?

8. How long could a memo be?

9. What are the format guidelines?

If we send memos to those working (within our company) with us, we can use a more informal tone than we would if we were writing a business letter.

As a rule Memos are short and concise documents.

10. Types of memorandums.

ТИПЫ MEМОРАНДУМОВ (Memos)

Each memo is written for a specific purpose to a specific audience.

1 Directive Memo

A directive memo states a policy [ˈpɒlɪsɪ] or procedure [prəˈsiːʤə] you want the reader or co–worker to follow.

2 trip report

A trip report memo is usually sent to a supervisor after an employee returns from a business venture.

3 response to an inquiry

The purpose of this memo is to provide the audience with desired information. It usually has four parts:

 purpose statement

 summary

 discussion

 action

4 operational memos (field/lab report memos) Memos are often used to report on inspection and procedures.

5 financial memos

6 announcements (policy change, meetings, etc.)

7 request for action

There are some basic guidelines.

1) memos have one-inch margins around.

2) all lines of the memo begin at the left margin

3) the text begins two spaces after the subject line

4) the body of the memo is single - spaced with two spaces between paragraphs.

5) second - page headings are used, as in business letters ( it includes who the memo is to, the page number, and the date)

6) the sender usually signs the memo using initials, first name, or complete name, the sender’s position is optional.

UNIT 5

Части резюме

Heading. The top third of the resume is the heading. It contains your name, phone numbers, address, and other details such as your occupation, titles, and so on. Headings can also contain a goals and objectives subsection and a highlights subsection.

Highlights (summary section)

Resume specialists believe that the eye makes first contact with a page somewhere one–fourth to one–third of the way down the page — not at the very top.

Objectives, goals – also found in some resumes. It is a section just under the heading in which you describe what your key goals or objectives are.

Body In this section, you present the details of your work, education, and military experience. This information is arranged in reverse chronological order. In the body section, you also include your accomplishments, for example, publications, certifications, equipment you are familiar with, and so on.

Work Experience

Есть ниже……..

Что сказать рабодателю

What is important about your places ?

Name of company, my positions, dates of employment, responsibilities.

1. What’s a resume?

2. What’re the two basic resume designs and what’s the choice of your resume design based on?

3. What’s the layout of the functional design? Who is this design preferable for?

A resume is a short summary of candidate's background and qualification. An excellent resume may help you get the job of your dream and a poor resume may mean a lost opportunity.

There are two basic designs:

- Functional design

Functional design starts with a heading; then presents either education or work experience, then presents the other of these two sections; then ends with a section on skills and certifications and personal information. Students who have not yet begun their careers often find this design the best for their purposes.

- Thematic design

Thematic design – another approach to resumes. It divides your experience and education into categories such as project management, budgetary planning, financial tracking, personnel management, customer sales, technical support.

The choice of our resume design may based on requirements that prospective employers may have and in part based on what our background and employment needs are.

· Heading

· Presents either education or work experience

· Section on skills and certifications and one on personal information

This design preferable for students who have not yet begun their careers

4. What are the differentiating features of the thematic approach?

5. What are the sections of a resume?

6. What are the elements of the heading?

It divides the experience and education into categories and often these categories are based directly on employment advertisemrnts.

Resumes can be divided into three sections: the heading, the body and the conclusion. And each of these sections has fairly common contents.

The elements of the heading contains our name , phone numbers, address and other details such as our occupation [ɒkjʊˈpeɪʃn] , titles and so on. And also the heading can contain a goals and objectives subsection.

7. What’s the best place in a letter according to the specialists where you should place the most important information?

8. What information do you present in the body of a resume and how is it arranged?

9. What information should you provide under the “work experience” title?

Resume specialists believe that the eye makes first contact with a page somewhere one–fourth to one–third (1/4 to 1/3) of the way down the page — not at the very top. If you believe that, then it makes sense to put your very "best stuff" at that point.

In the body section you include your accomplishments (publications, certification, equipment are you familiar with). Also In this section, you present the details of your work, education, and military

experience.

Under the “work experience” title we should provide a list our experience starting with our most recent place of employment and work backwards. Write the exact days of employment, your position, and the name of the company you worked for. List your responsibilities in short statements that do not include the words “my” or “I”.

10. What should you do if you can’t keep all the details about your experience and education to one page?

11. What follows the experience section?

12. What do you write in the conclusion?

If we can't keep all the detailes about our experience and education to one page we can shift all of this detail to an amplifications page.

Following experience, you should list your special SKILLS. These include your language skills, computer abilities, and any other talent that are relevant to your statement of intent.

In the final third or quarter of the resume, you can present other related information on your background. For example, you can list activities, professional associations, memberships, hobbies, and interests

13. Why do we need letters of recommendation?

14. What are the ways of presenting a letter of recommendation? Which way is better? Why?

Letter of recommendation can add that little extra appeal when applying for a new job, it provides a good review on the qualification that the new employer is looking for

There are two ways to present a letter of recommendation to a prospective employer:

· one way is to state at the bottom of your resume that your letters of recommendation and references are available upon request. In this scenario, you would take your letter of recommendation and reference sheet to the interview, and then present it during the interview (only if it is requested).

· The second way to present a letter of recommendation - is to enclose it along with your resume during initial mailing. Please, send no more than two letters of recommendation. It is better not to overwhelm a potential employer with a lot of information to read

I think the best way of presenting a letter of recommendation is to enclose it along with your resume during initial mailing. I feel it attracts more emlpoyer’s attention

Что сказать рабодателю

What is important about your places ?

Name of company, my positions, dates of employment, responsibilities.

Cover Letter

РАЗНИЦА ПИСЕМ

!! A resume is a detailed outline of your professional experience, skills, and education in a templated format. A cover letter is a short overview of who you are, your qualifications, and motivation in a slightly less structured form.

1. What’s the role of a Cover Letter? + разница

2. If the Cover Letter isn’t a lengthy summary of the resume, then what’s it?

3. What are the principles for writing a successful Cover Letter?

The role of the application letter is to draw a clear connection between the job you are seeking and your qualifications listed in the resume.

To put it another way, the letter matches the requirements of the job with your qualifications, emphasising how you are right for that job.

Разница

A resume is a short summary of candidate's background and qualification.

A cover letter is a customized and relevant presentation of what you can bring to the job and why you are right job candidate

Cover letter must be individually written and originally typed, singlr spaced on a good quality paper matching the paper used in your resume. The cover letter should be one page in length and addressed to a specific individual in charge of the department or unit in which you want to work or to human resources department.

4. What are the sections in a successful Cover Letter?

5. Characterize the introductory paragraph.

6. Characterize the body of the Cover Letter and the two approaches which can be used here.

· Introductory paragraph

· Main body paragraphs

· Closing paragraph

Is the most important paragraph because it sets everything up the tone, focus, as well as your important qualifications

In the main parts of the application letter, you present your work experience, education, training – whatever makes that connection between you and the job you are seeking. And, above all, indicate what you can do for the employer.

The two approaches which can be used here are Functional and Thematic approaches

7. Should information about your work experience and education cover all your background?

8. What paragraph in the body is worth considering for people just starting their career?

9. What should you indicate in the closing paragraph?

No, it highlight just those aspects of your backgroung that make the connection with the job you are seeking

This is one in which you discuss your goals, objectives - the focus of your career - what you are doing, or want to do professionally

We should indicate how the prospective employer can get in touch with us and when the best times for an interview are.

10. Why is it important to present your background details and what details should be presented?

11. What shouldn’t you say explaining why you left the previous positions?

12. How to explain why you are applying for the position?

Because it’s one of the best ways to make an application letter. You need to work in details, examples, specific about related aspects of your educational and employment background.

We should also not state we were bored with the work we were doing, after all, we accepted the job; and never criticize the firm we worked for, the products or services they offered, or staff we worked with.

- I left because new employer offered me a chance to use my skills - I had an opportunity to gain more experience in - I was offered promotion - Company offered an opportunity for advancement