- •3 А м. Г л а в н о г о р е д а к т о р а д-р псих. Н., проф., акад. Рао с.К. Бондырева
- •Isbn 978-5-9765-1938-1 содержание / contents
- •От автора
- •Basic definitions in public administration Word List
- •Basic definitions in public administration
- •Answer the questions.
- •Sum up the contents of the text.
- •Read text 2 and headline it.
- •13. Complete the table and speak on the development of the state.
- •Look through the text. Open the brackets putting the verbs in the active or passive forms.
- •Discuss in groups the principles of a bureaucratic organization and features of an official worked out by Weber. Say if you agree or disagree with them and explain your point of view.
- •Render into English.
- •It’s interesting to know • Read and render into English (Russian).
- •B u s I n e s s e n g l I s h talking on the phone
- •Look at the situations below. In each case you need to ask some- one to do something for you. What do you say? The first one is already done for you.
- •Study the words which are often used when making telephone calls.
- •Read and act out dialogues.
- •Unit 2 separation of powers
- •Separation of powers
- •Look through the list of the words in the box and make sure you know their meaning. Using the word-building elements make de- rivatives of the following words.
- •Find the synonyms to the words from list a in list b.
- •Give the Russian equivalents to the following English word-com- binations and phrases from the text.
- •Translate the sentences paying attention to different meanings of the word “fashion.”
- •According to text are the following sentences true or false? If they are true, say why.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Speak on separation of powers.
- •Look through text 3 and say what ideas of text 1 it develops.
- •Various models around the world
- •Answer the questions.
- •Render into English.
- •It’s interesting to know • Read and render into English (Russian).
- •Charles de Secondat, Baron de la Brede et de Montesquieu (1689-1755)
- •Modal Verbs of probability
- •They couldn’t have seen each other yesterday. (They were in different towns.) Они не могли бы вчера встретиться. (Они были в разных городах.)
- •I’m sure Anry likes animals very much.
- •Fill the gaps with one of the Modal Verbs of probability (can’t have or must have). Use the word in brackets.
- •Read and act out the dialogues.
- •Choose the correct word.
- •Word List
- •Systems of government
- •Act as an interpreter, translate the dialogue from Russian into English and from English into Russian.
- •Sum up the contents of the text.
- •A) Supply the prepositions.
- •Fill in the table below according to the information of the
- •Federation
- •A) Open the brackets putting the verbs in the correct active or passive form.
- •Fill in the table below according to the information of the text and speak on the system of government in New Zealand.
- •Unitary state
- •Look through text 3 and say what the main difference between confederation and federation is.
- •Confederation
- •Answer the questions:
- •It’s interesting to know
- •Aristotle
- •B u s I n e s s e n g l I s h reservation
- •Present forms for the Future
- •Mix and match and translate the sentences.
- •2. Fill in the gaps from the box.
- •Put the verb into the most suitable form, Present Continuous or Present Simple.
- •The First Conditional
- •Open the brackets putting the verb into the correct form.
- •Read and act out the dialogues.
- •6. Choose the right variant.
- •7. Complete the phrases using the words given.
- •Unit 4 civil service Word List
- •Civil service
- •Read the words paying attention to the sounds.
- •Read and translate the words and their derivatives.
- •Match up the words on the left with their definitions on the
- •Find the synonyms to the words from list a in list b.
- •Give the Russian equivalents to the following English word-com- binations and phrases from the text.
- •Read and translate the sentences paying attention to “fail to V.” Remember!
- •Answer the questions.
- •Speak on the uk Civil Service.
- •A) Look through text 2 and headline it.
- •Give an annotation of the text.
- •A advisors of the State civil service experts in the civil service venal ) Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box.
- •Look through Text 3 and say whether the text is interesting or not for you. Explain why.
- •A brief history of civil service
- •Render into English.
- •It’s interesting to know
- •B u s I n e s s e n g l I s h presentation
- •Family Services Project
- •Functions of Social Welfare Department
- •National Social Assistance Program (nsap) in Manipur
- •Now make your presentation in groups. After each presentation discuss the questions.
- •Word List
- •Strategic management
- •Instruments
- •Find the words in the text for the following transcription (the number of the paragraph is given in the bracket). Practice the pronunciation.
- •Read and translate the words and their derivatives.
- •3. Make up word-combinations and translate them.
- •4. Match up the words on the left with their definitions on the right.
- •Complete the dialogue and act
- •Sum up the contents of the text.
- •A) Look through text 2 and 3 and headline them.
- •Complete the table below and compare strategic management in the public sector in these countries.
- •Render into English.
- •Word List
- •Decision-making in public administration
- •Read and translate the words and their derivatives.
- •Technical
- •Political
- •Literature
- •Cutback
- •Acceptable
- •External
- •Quality
- •Authority
- •Decision
- •Find in the text the English phrases corresponding to their Rus- sian equivalents.
- •Find the sentences including the Subjective Infinitive Construc- tion and translate them.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Sum up the contents of the text.
- •A) Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box.
- •A) Supply the prepositions where necessary.
- •It’s interesting to know
- •B u s I n e s s e n g l I s h running a meeting
- •Choose the right variant.
- •Put the words in the correct order.
- •With a partner, practice making suggestions in the following sit- uations:
- •Running a meeting
- •Introducing the agenda
- •Introducing the first item on the agenda
- •Study the information below and act a role-play “Meeting of the National Capital Planning Commission.”
- •The Yards at Southeast Federal Center
- •White House Area Transportation Study Informational Pres- entation
- •Unit 6 negotiating Word List
- •Negotiating
- •1. Find the words in the text for the following transcription (the number of the paragraph is given in the brackets). Practice the pronunciation.
- •Match up the words on the left with their definitions on the right.
- •Find the synonyms to the words from list a in list b.
- •Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the mean- ings of “yield.”
- •Find the sentences including the equivalents of the Modal Verbs and translate them.
- •Find the Conditionals and translate them.
- •Find in the text the English for:
- •M Negotiation is Win-win interdependence is one Win-lose interdependence is one “Creating” value means
- •Sum up the contents of the text.
- •A) There are some types of negotiators. Match the types of ne-
- •14. A) Look through text 2 and say which idea of the previous text it develops.
- •What negotiation techniques were known/unknown for you?
- •What negotiation techniques do you usually use in everyday life? Why?
- •A) Look through text 3 and state its main idea.
- •Is the information of this text useful for you? Why?
- •What is the resistance point? Why is it necessary to find out it? Text 3
- •Look through text 4 and say if it is ethical to “lie or bluff” in negotiations.
- •Render into English.
- •Word List
- •Cross cultural negotiations
- •Read paying attention to the sounds.
- •Match the words in column a with those in column b.
- •Match up the words on the left with their definitions on the right.
- •Find the synonyms to the words from list a in list b.
- •Find in the text the English for:
- •Say whether it is true or false.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Comment on the cross cultural negotiations.
- •A) Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box.
- •A) Read text 7 and headline it.
- •It’s interesting to know
- •Gender differences in negotiation styles and strategies
- •B u s I n e s s e n g l I s h negotiation
- •Guess the word — the first and the last letters are given, e.G.
- •Read, translate and act the dialogues.
- •I’d have to disagree with you there. I’m afraid that doesn’t work for me. Is that your best offer?
- •Act out a dialogue between an mpt (the Ministry of Posts & Telecommunications of Japan) official and a top manager of pa- cific Company using the information given.
- •Unit 7 pr in public service
- •Find the synonyms to the words from list a in list b.
- •Paraphrase the parts in bold type using Participle I and trans- late the sentences.
- •Corporations which use marketing public relations (mpr)
- •Sum up the contents of the text.
- •Skim text 2 and state its main idea.
- •According to text are the following sentences true or false? If they are false, say why.
- •A) Open the brackets putting the verbs in the correct passive or active forms.
- •Translate the article in writing. Candidates test the waters
- •Word List
- •Give words of the same root in Russian. Compare the meanings.
- •Suggest the Russian equivalents for the following word-combina- tions. Say if the key words have one or more meanings.
- •Make up word-combinations and translate them.
- •Find in the text the English phrases corresponding to their Rus- sian equivalents.
- •Translate the abbreviations. Referring back to the text will help you. Coi, usia, usis, usica, voa, fy, nis, seed
- •Answer the questions.
- •Work in pairs. One is an usia acting director, the other is a journalist interviewing the acting director. Use the information given to answer the journalist’s questions.
- •Look through the text and state its main idea. Discuss in groups which techniques of spin are/were used in our region/country. Give examples.
- •Render into English.
- •It’s interesting to know
- •B u s I n e s s e n g l I s h finding a job
- •Although there are different views on how to organize a resume, most prospective employers would expect to see the following headings
- •Ellen r. Hardy 4524 Heartland Drive Apt. 27a
- •Richton Park, il 60471 nube225@ comcast.Net Ph. 708-833-8667
- •Write your own resume.
- •I would be available for interview from next week. Meanwhile, please do ot forget to contact me if you require further information.
- •I look forward to hearing from you in the near future.
- •Yours sincerely
- •Ellen r Hardy
- •Here is a cover letter. Some words are missing — fill in the cor- rect ones from the table below.
- •Look through the cover letter below and state whether it is well- organized. If not, make necessary corrections.
- •Write your own cover letter.
- •Read, translate and act the dialogues. Common interview questions First Impressions
- •Isn’t this great weather we’re having?
- •Useful language
- •Word List
- •The uk’s government’s approach to public service reform
- •Find the synonyms to the words from list a in list b.
- •Match the verbs to the correct prepositions and translate the word-combinations.
- •Comment on the uk government’s approach to public service re- form.
- •A) Skim text 2 and state which idea of the previous text this
- •Skim text 3, headline it and give an annotation of the text.
- •Render into English.
- •Translate the words and their derivatives.
- •Give words of the same root in Russian. Compare the meanings.
- •Match up the words on the left with their definitions on the right.
- •Find the synonyms to the words from list a in list b.
- •Match the verbs to the correct prepositions and translate the word-combinations.
- •Find in the text the sentences including the Subjunctive Mood and translate them.
- •Find in the text the sentences including the Modal Verbs and translate them.
- •Find in the text the English for.
- •Answer the questions.
- •Work in pairs. One is an expert in administrative reform of the federal government in the usa, the other is a journalist. Use the information given to answer the journalist’s questions.
- •A) Skim text 5 and headline it.
- •A) Skim text 6 and state which idea of the previous text this text develops.
- •Federal employees pay comparability act
- •Render into English.
- •It’s interesting to know
- •B u s I n e s s e n g l I s h guide to basic official letters
- •1. Here are some common phrases you might use when writing offi- cial letters. However, the prepositions are missing-fill in the correct ones choosing words from the table below.
- •Dear Mr. Chong-Ha Yoo!
- •I was very pleased to ... You and discuss issues of our ... Interests dur- ing my visit to the Republic of Korea.
- •3. Render into English and write a rejection letter.
- •Профессиональная переподготовка (свыше 250 часов):
- •Повышение квалификации (от 18 до 144 часов)
И. А. Иваіценко
ENGLISH V
\ FOR PUBLIC
\ ADMINISTRATION
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК для сферы
ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
I
Ц ФЛИНТА
И.А. Иващенко
ENGLISH
FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ СФЕРЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ
Учебное пособие
4-е издание, стереотипное
Рекомендовано Редакционно-издательским советом Российской академии образования к использованию в качестве учебного пособия
Москва
Издательство «ФЛИНТА» 2014
УДК 811.111(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-923 И24
Г л а в н ы й р е д а к т о р д-р псих. н., проф., акад. РАО Д.И. Фельдштейн
3 А м. Г л а в н о г о р е д а к т о р а д-р псих. Н., проф., акад. Рао с.К. Бондырева
Ч л е н ы р е д а к ц и о н н о й к о л л е г и и:
А.Г. Асмолов, В.А. Болотов, В.П. Борисенков, А.А. Деркач, А.И. Донцов, И.В. Дубровина, М.И. Кондаков, В.Г. Костомаров, Н.Н. Малофеев,
Н.Д. Никандров, В.А. Поляков, В.В. Рубцов, Э.В. Сайко
Иващенко И.А.
И24 English for Public Administration. Английский язык для сферы государственного и муниципального управления [Электронный ресурс]
: учеб. пособие / И.А. Иващенко. — 4-е изд., стер. — М. : ФЛИНТА, 2014. — 216 с.
ISBN 978-5-9765-1938-1
Пособие составлено на основе аутентичных текстов из Интернета, что помогает развить навыки владения английским языком, а также ознакомиться с организацией и работой госслужбы европейских стран и США. Каждая глава включает кроме текстов и заданий по специальности, деловой английский с учетом особенностей будущей профессии, благодаря чему можно научиться отвечать на телефонные звонки, составлять презентацию, вести переговоры, собрания и писать официальные письма.
Для студентов вузов, обучающихся по специальности «Государственное и муниципальное управление», владеющих языком на уровне Intermediate (средний).
УДК 811.111(075.8) ББК 81.2Англ-923
©
Isbn 978-5-9765-1938-1 содержание / contents
Иващенко И.А., 2014 © Издательство «ФЛИНТА», 2014ENGLISH V 1
\ FOR PUBLIC 1
Иващенко И.А. 4
СОДЕРЖАНИЕ / CONTENTS 5
От автора 4
BASIC DEFINITIONS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 5
Word List 5
BASIC DEFINITIONS IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 7
EXERCISES 9
1. Translate the words and their derivatives. 9
2. Find the synonyms to the words from list A in list B. 9
9. Match up the following half- sentences. 11
10. Answer the questions. 11
11. Sum up the contents of the text. 12
12. Read text 2 and headline it. 12
Text 2 12
14. Look through the text. Open the brackets putting the verbs in the active or passive forms. 15
16. Render into English. 17
GRAMMAR 19
3. Study the words which are often used when making telephone calls. 21
4. Read and act out dialogues. 22
1 22
5. Complete the phrases using some words given. 23
1) He’s not in his office at the moment. 23
2) She’ll be back in the office this afternoon. 23
3) Can I speak to June Wilkinson, please? 23
4) Could you ask him to ring me back, please? My number is 020 7558 4567. 23
6. Choose the one correct answer 23
Unit 2 24
SEPARATION OF POWERS 24
Text 1 26
SEPARATION OF POWERS 26
EXERCISES 29
2. Find the synonyms to the words from list A in list B. 29
9. According to text are the following sentences true or false? If they are true, say why. 31
10. Answer the questions. 31
11. Speak on separation of powers. 31
Text 2 31
SEPARATION OF POWERS VS. FUSION OF POWERS 31
13. Look through text 3 and say what ideas of text 1 it develops. 33
Text 3 33
VARIOUS MODELS AROUND THE WORLD 33
14. Answer the questions. 35
15. Render into English. 35
Charles de Secondat, Baron de la Brede et de Montesquieu (1689-1755) 36
Modal Verbs of probability 38
Could have + Participle II / Might have + Participle II 39
1. Mix and match the sentences. 39
(can’t, might or must) in appropriate form. 39
3. Fill the gaps with one of the Modal Verbs of probability (can’t have or must have). Use the word in brackets. 40
4. Read and act out the dialogues. 40
5. Choose the correct word. 42
Unit 3 43
SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT 43
Word List 43
Text 1 44
SYSTEMS OF GOVERNMENT 44
EXERCISES 46
1. Translate the words and their derivatives. 46
2. Find the synonyms to the words from list A in list B. 46
3. Make up word-combinations and translate them into Russian. 46
4. Translate the sentences paying attention to the meanings of the 46
5. Find in the text the sentences including the Absolute Participial Construction and translate them (paragraph 2,5). 47
6. Find in the text the English phrases corresponding to their Rus- sian equivalents: 47
7. Agree or disagree using the following clichds. 47
8. Act as an interpreter, translate the dialogue from Russian into English and from English into Russian. 48
9. Act out: 49
10. Sum up the contents of the text. 49
11. a) Supply the prepositions. 49
Text 2 49
FEDERATION 49
12. a) Open the brackets putting the verbs in the correct active or passive form. 52
Text 3 52
UNITARY STATE 52
13. Look through text 3 and say what the main difference between confederation and federation is. 53
Text 3 53
CONFEDERATION 53
14. Answer the questions: 55
It’s interesting to know 56
Aristotle 56
GRAMMAR 57
Present forms for the Future 57
1. Mix and match and translate the sentences. 57
3. Put the verb into the most suitable form, Present Continuous or Present Simple. 58
The First Conditional 59
4. Open the brackets putting the verb into the correct form. 59
5. Read and act out the dialogues. 60
1 60
7. Complete the phrases using the words given. 63
Unit 4 63
CIVIL SERVICE 63
Word List 63
CIVIL SERVICE 65
Text 1 65
EXERCISES 68
1. Read the words paying attention to the sounds. 68
2. Read and translate the words and their derivatives. 69
3. Match up the words on the left with their definitions on the 69
4. Find the synonyms to the words from list A in list B. 69
10. Find in the text the English phrases corresponding to their Rus- sian equivalents. 71
11. Answer the questions. 71
12. Speak on the UK Civil Service. 72
13. a) Look through text 2 and headline it. 72
Text 2 72
14. a) Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box. 74
Text 3 74
A BRIEF HISTORY OF CIVIL SERVICE 74
15. Render into English. 75
It’s interesting to know 75
I. Introduction 76
II. Presentation 77
1. Study the information below. Prepare a short presentation of three to five minutes. 78
Functions of Social Welfare Department 80
Components of the scheme (NSAP) 81
National Old Pension Scheme (NSAP) 81
National Family Benefit Scheme (NFBS) 81
National Maternity Benefit Scheme (NMBS) 81
2. Now make your presentation in groups. After each presentation discuss the questions. 83
Unit 5 83
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 83
Word List 83
Text 1 84
STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT 84
Contents 86
Processes 86
Actors 86
Instruments 86
EXERCISES 87
2. Read and translate the words and their derivatives. 88
5. Find the synonyms to the words from list A in list B. 89
6. Give the Russian equivalents to the following English word-com- binations and phrases from the text. 89
7. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to “bear.” 89
8. Find in the text the sentence including the Infinitive as an at- tribute and translate it. (10) 89
9. Find in the text sentences including the equivalents of the Modal Verbs and translate them. (5, 7, 14) 90
10. Answer the questions. 90
it out. 90
11. Complete the dialogue and act 90
12. Sum up the contents of the text. 91
13. a) Look through text 2 and 3 and headline them. 91
Text 3 93
14. Render into English. 95
Word List 95
Text 4 96
DECISION-MAKING IN PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 96
EXERCISES 99
15. Read and translate the words and their derivatives. 99
16. Make up word-combinations and translate them. 100
19. Find the sentences including the Subjective Infinitive Construc- tion and translate them. 101
20. Answer the questions. 101
21. Sum up the contents of the text. 102
22. a) Fill in each gap with a suitable word from the box. 102
Text 5 102
23. a) Supply the prepositions where necessary. 102
It’s interesting to know 103
GRAMMAR 106
Question opener 107
+ Infinitive without “to” 107
1. Choose the right variant. 107
2. Put the words in the correct order. 109
3. With a partner, practice making suggestions in the following sit- uations: 109
RUNNING A MEETING 109
Next item 111
4. Study the information below and act a role-play “Meeting of the National Capital Planning Commission.” 112
1) The Yards at Southeast Federal Center 113
2) White House Area Transportation Study Informational Pres- entation 113
Unit 6 114
NEGOTIATING 114
Word List 114
Text 1 115
NEGOTIATING 115
EXERCISES 117
2. Translate the words and their derivatives. 118
3. Match up the words on the left with their definitions on the right. 118
4. Find the synonyms to the words from list A in list B. 118
5. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the mean- ings of “yield.” 119
6. Translate the sentences paying attention to “to be + Infinitive.” 119
7. Find the sentences including the equivalents of the Modal Verbs and translate them. 120
8. Find the Conditionals and translate them. 120
9. Find in the text the English for: 120
10. Match up the following half-sentences. 120
12. Sum up the contents of the text. 121
13. a) There are some types of negotiators. Match the types of ne- 121
14. a) Look through text 2 and say which idea of the previous text it develops. 122
c) What negotiation techniques were known/unknown for you? 123
Text 2 123
15. a) Look through text 3 and state its main idea. 124
16. Look through text 4 and say if it is ethical to “lie or bluff” in negotiations. 125
Text 4 125
17. Render into English. 126
Word List 126
CROSS CULTURAL NEGOTIATIONS 127
EXERCISES 131
18. Read paying attention to the sounds. 131
19. Match the words in column A with those in column B. 131
20. Match up the words on the left with their definitions on the right. 132
21. Find the synonyms to the words from list A in list B. 133
22. Find in the text the English for: 133
23. Say whether it is true or false. 133
24. Answer the questions. 134
25. Comment on the cross cultural negotiations. 134
26. a) Fill each gap with a suitable word from the box. 134
Text 6 134
27. a) Read text 7 and headline it. 135
Text 7 135
It’s interesting to know 137
Gender differences in negotiation styles and strategies 137
Word List 139
2. Guess the word — the first and the last letters are given, e.g. 141
3. Read, translate and act the dialogues. 141
1 142
Unit 7 146
PR IN PUBLIC SERVICE 146
PR 148
EXERCISES 151
1. Read the words paying attention to the sounds. 151
2. Give words of the same root in Russian. Compare the meanings. 151
3. Suggest the Russian equivalents for the following word-combina- tions. Say if the key words have one or more meanings. 152
4. Match up the words on the left with their definitions on the right. 152
5. Find the synonyms to the words from list A in list B. 152
6. Paraphrase the parts in bold type using Participle I and trans- late the sentences. 154
1) Corporations which use marketing public relations (MPR) 154
4) Politicians which aim to attract votes and/or raise money 154
7. Paraphrase the parts in bold type using Participle II and trans- late the sentences. 154
2) Public relations specialists which are referred to as commu- nications specialists and media specialists, among other titles 154
8. Find in the text the English phrases corresponding to their Rus- sian equivalents. 154
9. Find in the text the sentences including the Gerund and trans- late them. 154
10. Answer the questions. 154
11. Sum up the contents of the text. 155
12. Skim text 2 and state its main idea. 155
Text 2 155
13. According to text are the following sentences true or false? If they are false, say why. 156
14. a) Open the brackets putting the verbs in the correct passive or active forms. 157
Text 3 157
15. Translate the article in writing. 158
Candidates test the waters 158
Render into English. 159
Word List 160
EXERCISES 164
17. Give words of the same root in Russian. Compare the meanings. 164
18. Suggest the Russian equivalents for the following word-combina- tions. Say if the key words have one or more meanings. 164
19. Make up word-combinations and translate them. 165
20. Find in the text the English phrases corresponding to their Rus- sian equivalents. 165
21. Translate the abbreviations. Referring back to the text will help you. COI, USIA, USIS, USICA, VOA, FY, NIS, SEED 165
22. Answer the questions. 165
Types 167
25. Render into English. 168
2. Look through the resume below and state whether it is well-or- ganized. If not, say why and make necessary corrections. 173
3. Write your own resume. 174
Letter Content 175
Cover Letter 175
6. Here is a cover letter. Some words are missing — fill in the cor- rect ones from the table below. 176
7. Look through the cover letter below and state whether it is well- organized. If not, make necessary corrections. 177
8. Write your own cover letter. 177
9. Read, translate and act the dialogues. 177
COMMON INTERVIEW QUESTIONS First Impressions 177
1 178
2 179
Useful language 180
Unit 8 180
PUBLIC SERVICE REFORM 180
Word List 180
Text 2 181
THE UK’S GOVERNMENT’S APPROACH TO PUBLIC SERVICE REFORM 181
EXERCISES 185
1. Translate the words and their derivatives. 185
2. In each group below select the word or phrase nearest in the meaning to the key word of unit. 185
3. Give words of the same root in Russian. Compare the meanings. 185
4. Give words corresponding to the following definitions. 185
5. Find the synonyms to the words from list A in list B. 203
6. Match the verbs to the correct prepositions and translate the word-combinations. 204
7. Paraphrase the following sentences according to the model. 204
8. Find in the text the English for. 204
9. Find in the text the sentence including the equivalent of the Mo- dal Verb and translate it (paragraph 2). 205
10. Find in the text the sentences including the construction “the ... the” and translate it (paragraph 10). 205
11. Answer the questions. 205
12. Comment on the UK government’s approach to public service re- form. 206
13. a) Skim text 2 and state which idea of the previous text this 206
Text 2 206
14. Skim text 3, headline it and give an annotation of the text. 208
Text 3 208
15. Render into English. 210
Text 4 214
EXERCISES 218
16. Translate the words and their derivatives. 218
17. Give words of the same root in Russian. Compare the meanings. 218
18. Match up the words on the left with their definitions on the right. 219
19. Find the synonyms to the words from list A in list B. 219
20. Match the verbs to the correct prepositions and translate the word-combinations. 221
21. Find in the text the sentences including the Subjunctive Mood and translate them. 221
22. Find in the text the sentences including the Modal Verbs and translate them. 221
23. Find in the text the English for. 221
24. Answer the questions. 221
26. a) Skim text 5 and headline it. 222
Text 5 222
27. a) Skim text 6 and state which idea of the previous text this text develops. 224
Text 6 224
FEDERAL EMPLOYEES PAY COMPARABILITY ACT 224
OF 1990 224
28. Render into English. 225
It’s interesting to know 226
B u s i n e s s E n g l i s h GUIDE TO BASIC OFFICIAL LETTERS 228
The Basics 229
The Start 229
The Reference 229
Reference to Future Contact 230
The Finish 230
2. Here is an invitation letter. Some words are missing-fill in the correct ones from the table below. 232
3. Render into English and write a rejection letter. 213
Иващенко Ирина Александровна 214
ENGLISH 214
FOR PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 214
АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ СФЕРЫ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОГО И МУНИЦИПАЛЬНОГО УПРАВЛЕНИЯ 214