The Measurement of Inequality of Opportunity
.pdfAppendix: Table A.1: The opportunity-deprivation profiles for six Latin American countries.
|
|
|
Father's |
Mother's |
|
Estimated |
Share of |
|
Ratio of |
|
|
|
|
national |
Mean |
overall |
|||
Country |
Ethnicity |
Father's occupation |
education |
education |
Place of birth |
population |
population |
outcome |
mean |
Brazil |
black and mix-raced |
agricultural worker |
none or |
none or |
Nordeste or |
2,276,662 |
0.06776 |
105.9 |
0.261 |
|
|
|
unknown |
unknown |
North |
|
|
|
|
|
black and mix-raced |
agricultural worker |
Upper |
none or |
Sao Paulo or |
1,417 |
0.00004 |
116.5 |
0.287 |
|
|
|
primary (5) |
unknown |
Federal District |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
or more |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
black and mix-raced |
agricultural worker |
none or |
lower primary |
Nordeste or |
313,664 |
0.00934 |
136.6 |
0.337 |
|
|
|
unknown |
|
North |
|
|
|
|
|
black and mix-raced |
agricultural worker |
Lower |
none or |
Nordeste or |
352,729 |
0.01050 |
136.9 |
0.338 |
|
|
|
primary |
unknown |
North |
|
|
|
|
|
black and mix-raced |
agricultural worker |
Upper |
none or |
Nordeste or |
7,564 |
0.00023 |
144.2 |
0.355 |
|
|
|
primary (5) |
unknown |
North |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
or more |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
black and mix-raced |
Other |
none or |
none or |
Nordeste or |
2,063,415 |
0.06141 |
144.5 |
0.356 |
|
|
|
unknown |
unknown |
North |
|
|
|
|
Colombia |
"indigena, gitano, |
Missing |
None |
primary |
Peripherical |
2,445 |
0.00022 |
1.352E+06 |
0.334 |
|
archipielago, |
|
|
complete |
departments |
|
|
|
|
|
palenquero, negro or |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mulato" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, gitano, |
|
Primary |
none |
Central |
6,416 |
0.00058 |
1.664E+06 |
0.411 |
|
archipielago, |
|
incomplete |
|
departments |
|
|
|
|
|
palenquero, negro or |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mulato" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, gitano, |
|
None |
none |
Peripherical |
134,352 |
0.01207 |
1.733E+06 |
0.428 |
|
archipielago, |
|
|
|
departments |
|
|
|
|
|
palenquero, negro or |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mulato" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, gitano, |
|
Primary |
none |
Bogota |
836 |
0.00008 |
1.897E+06 |
0.468 |
|
archipielago, |
|
incomplete |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
palenquero, negro or |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mulato" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, gitano, |
|
None |
none |
Peripherical |
131,872 |
0.01185 |
1.989E+06 |
0.491 |
|
archipielago, |
|
|
|
departments |
|
|
|
|
|
palenquero, negro or |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mulato" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, gitano, |
|
None |
primary |
Peripherical |
41,942 |
0.00377 |
2.047E+06 |
0.506 |
49
|
archipielago, |
|
|
incomplete |
departments |
|
|
|
|
|
palenquero, negro or |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mulato" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
neither of previous |
|
Primary |
none |
Peripherical |
179,563 |
0.01613 |
2.049E+06 |
0.506 |
|
|
|
incomplete |
|
departments |
|
|
|
|
|
neither of previous |
|
None |
none |
Peripherical |
541,572 |
0.04866 |
2.112E+06 |
0.522 |
|
|
|
|
|
departments |
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, gitano, |
|
Primary |
none |
Peripherical |
47,602 |
0.00428 |
2.167E+06 |
0.535 |
|
archipielago, |
|
incomplete |
|
departments |
|
|
|
|
|
palenquero, negro or |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
mulato" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
neither of previous |
|
Primary |
none |
Peripherical |
130,198 |
0.01170 |
2.263E+06 |
0.559 |
|
|
|
incomplete |
|
departments |
|
|
|
|
Ecuador |
"indigena, negro or |
agricultural or domestic worker: |
Primary |
secondary or |
sierra & |
537 |
0.00017 |
27.59 |
0.176 |
|
mulato" |
"jornalero, propria finca, domestico or |
|
more |
Amazonia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
que haceres" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, negro or |
agricultural or domestic worker: |
secondary |
none or dnk |
costa & insular |
406 |
0.00013 |
35.42 |
0.217 |
|
mulato" |
"jornalero, propria finca, domestico or |
or more |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
que haceres" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, negro or |
agricultural or domestic worker: |
secondary |
secondary or |
sierra & |
436 |
0.00014 |
38.64 |
0.231 |
|
mulato" |
"jornalero, propria finca, domestico or |
or more |
more |
Amazonia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
que haceres" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, negro or |
agricultural or domestic worker: |
none or dnk |
none or dnk |
sierra & |
104,561 |
0.03366 |
42.53 |
0.316 |
|
mulato" |
"jornalero, propria finca, domestico or |
|
|
Amazonia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
que haceres" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, negro or |
agricultural or domestic worker: |
none or dnk |
primary |
Pichincha or |
1,537 |
0.00049 |
44.79 |
0.347 |
|
mulato" |
"jornalero, propria finca, domestico or |
|
|
Azuay |
|
|
|
|
|
|
que haceres" |
|
|
province |
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, negro or |
other: "empleado, asalariado, dueño |
none or dnk |
secondary or |
sierra & |
232 |
0.00007 |
45.20 |
|
|
mulato" |
o patrón, cuenta propia, rentista, or |
|
more |
Amazonia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
estudiante" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, negro or |
agricultural or domestic worker: |
secondary |
none or dnk |
sierra & |
1,112 |
0.00036 |
46.52 |
0.158 |
|
mulato" |
"jornalero, propria finca, domestico or |
or more |
|
Amazonia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
que haceres" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, negro or |
agricultural or domestic worker: |
Primary |
none or dnk |
sierra & |
26,456 |
0.00852 |
47.35 |
0.180 |
|
mulato" |
"jornalero, propria finca, domestico or |
|
|
Amazonia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
que haceres" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, negro or |
other: "empleado, asalariado, dueño |
none or dnk |
none or dnk |
costa & insular |
3,295 |
0.00106 |
53.73 |
0.250 |
|
mulato" |
o patrón, cuenta propia, rentista, or |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
estudiante" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
50
|
"indigena, negro or |
agricultural or domestic worker: |
Primary |
none or dnk |
costa & insular |
7,644 |
0.00246 |
54.00 |
0.289 |
|
mulato" |
"jornalero, propria finca, domestico or |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
que haceres" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, negro or |
agricultural or domestic worker: |
secondary |
primary |
costa & insular |
1,771 |
0.00057 |
57.02 |
0.296 |
|
mulato" |
"jornalero, propria finca, domestico or |
or more |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
que haceres" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, negro or |
other: "empleado, asalariado, dueño |
secondary |
none or dnk |
costa & insular |
1,412 |
0.00045 |
58.00 |
0.297 |
|
mulato" |
o patrón, cuenta propia, rentista, or |
or more |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
estudiante" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, negro or |
agricultural or domestic worker: |
none or dnk |
none or dnk |
costa & insular |
23,908 |
0.00770 |
58.12 |
0.303 |
|
mulato" |
"jornalero, propria finca, domestico or |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
que haceres" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, negro or |
other: "empleado, asalariado, dueño |
secondary |
secondary or |
sierra & |
759 |
0.00024 |
62.05 |
0.310 |
|
mulato" |
o patrón, cuenta propia, rentista, or |
or more |
more |
Amazonia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
estudiante" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
"indigena, negro or |
other: "empleado, asalariado, dueño |
none or dnk |
none or dnk |
sierra & |
14,873 |
0.00479 |
63.96 |
0.330 |
|
mulato" |
o patrón, cuenta propia, rentista, or |
|
|
Amazonia |
|
|
|
|
|
|
estudiante" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
neither of previous |
agricultural or domestic worker: |
none or dnk |
none or dnk |
costa & insular |
181,135 |
0.05831 |
64.47 |
0.333 |
|
|
"jornalero, propria finca, domestico or |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
que haceres" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Guatemala |
indigenous maternal |
agricultural worker: "jornalero, or |
Complete |
incomplete |
South-East, |
564 |
0.00027 |
1276 |
0.176 |
|
language |
trabajador de su propia finca" |
primary or |
primary |
South-West or |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
more |
|
Center |
|
|
|
|
|
indigenous maternal |
agricultural worker: "jornalero, or |
never gone |
complete |
South-East, |
520 |
0.00025 |
1571 |
0.217 |
|
language |
trabajador de su propia finca" |
to school or |
primary or |
South-West or |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
dnk |
more |
Center |
|
|
|
|
|
indigenous maternal |
agricultural worker: "jornalero, or |
incomplete |
complete |
South-East, |
591 |
0.00028 |
1671 |
0.231 |
|
language |
trabajador de su propia finca" |
primary |
primary or |
South-West or |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
more |
Center |
|
|
|
|
|
indigenous maternal |
other: "empleado asalariado, dueno o |
never gone |
complete |
North or North- |
187 |
0.00009 |
2285 |
0.316 |
|
language |
patron, independiente/inactivo |
to school or |
primary or |
West |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
dnk |
more |
|
|
|
|
|
|
indigenous maternal |
agricultural worker: "jornalero, or |
never gone |
never gone to |
North or North- |
216,583 |
0.10324 |
2514 |
0.347 |
|
language |
trabajador de su propia finca" |
to school or |
school or dnk |
West |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
dnk |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Panama |
speaks indigenous |
agricultural worker or inactive: |
None |
none |
rural areas |
30,591 |
0.04523 |
352.9 |
0.163 |
|
language |
"jornalero, propria finca, inactivo" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
agricultural worker or inactive: |
secondary |
primary |
other urban |
71 |
0.00011 |
408.2 |
0.189 |
51
|
language |
"jornalero, propria finca, inactivo" |
or more |
|
centers |
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
other: "empleado, asalariado, dueño |
secondary |
none |
rural areas |
1,294 |
0.00191 |
416.4 |
0.193 |
|
language |
o patrón, independiente, otro" |
or more |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
other: "empleado, asalariado, dueño |
None |
none |
city or |
240 |
0.00035 |
452.4 |
0.210 |
|
language |
o patrón, independiente, otro" |
|
|
intermediate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
urban area |
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
other: "empleado, asalariado, dueño |
None |
none |
rural areas |
5,443 |
0.00805 |
466.8 |
0.216 |
|
language |
o patrón, independiente, otro" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
agricultural worker or inactive: |
None |
none |
other urban |
641 |
0.00095 |
489.7 |
0.227 |
|
language |
"jornalero, propria finca, inactivo" |
|
|
centers |
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
agricultural worker or inactive: |
Primary |
primary |
city or |
194 |
0.00029 |
560.4 |
0.260 |
|
language |
"jornalero, propria finca, inactivo" |
|
|
intermediate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
urban area |
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
other: "empleado, asalariado, dueño |
Primary |
secondary or |
rural areas |
380 |
0.00056 |
601.8 |
0.279 |
|
language |
o patrón, independiente, otro" |
|
more |
|
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
other: "empleado, asalariado, dueño |
Primary |
none |
rural areas |
1,449 |
0.00214 |
609.7 |
0.282 |
|
language |
o patrón, independiente, otro" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
agricultural worker or inactive: |
Primary |
primary |
rural areas |
1,925 |
0.00285 |
611.8 |
0.283 |
|
language |
"jornalero, propria finca, inactivo" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
other: "empleado, asalariado, |
secondary |
primary |
rural areas |
472 |
0.00070 |
617.2 |
0.286 |
|
language |
dueño o patrón, independiente, |
or more |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
otro" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
agricultural worker or inactive: |
None |
primary |
rural areas |
595 |
0.00088 |
627.0 |
0.290 |
|
language |
"jornalero, propria finca, inactivo" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
agricultural worker or inactive: |
Primary |
none |
rural areas |
5922 |
0.00876 |
654.5 |
0.303 |
|
language |
"jornalero, propria finca, inactivo" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
does not |
agricultural worker or inactive: |
secondary |
none |
rural areas |
753 |
0.00111 |
709.8 |
0.329 |
|
|
"jornalero, propria finca, inactivo" |
or more |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
agricultural worker or inactive: |
secondary |
none |
rural areas |
388 |
0.00057 |
724.6 |
0.336 |
|
language |
"jornalero, propria finca, inactivo" |
or more |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
agricultural worker or inactive: |
None |
primary |
other urban |
31 |
0.00005 |
741.8 |
0.344 |
|
language |
"jornalero, propria finca, inactivo" |
|
|
centers |
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
other: "empleado, asalariado, |
secondary |
secondary |
rural areas |
194 |
0.00029 |
744.6 |
0.345 |
|
language |
dueño o patrón, independiente, |
or more |
or more |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
otro" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
other: "empleado, asalariado, |
None |
primary |
rural areas |
530 |
0.00078 |
770.6 |
0.357 |
|
language |
dueño o patrón, independiente, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
otro" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
agricultural worker or inactive: |
None |
none |
city or |
339 |
0.00050 |
788.0 |
0.365 |
52
|
language |
"jornalero, propria finca, inactivo" |
|
|
intermediate |
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
other: "empleado, asalariado, |
|
|
urban area |
|
|
|
|
|
secondary |
none |
city or |
178 |
0.00026 |
896.0 |
0.415 |
||
|
language |
dueño o patrón, independiente, |
or more |
|
intermediate |
|
|
|
|
|
|
otro" |
|
|
urban area |
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
other: "empleado, asalariado, |
Primary |
none |
other urban |
133 |
0.00020 |
907.7 |
0.420 |
|
language |
dueño o patrón, independiente, |
|
|
centers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
otro" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
other: "empleado, asalariado, |
None |
none |
other urban |
232 |
0.00034 |
932.2 |
0.432 |
|
language |
dueño o patrón, independiente, |
|
|
centers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
otro" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
speaks indigenous |
agricultural worker or inactive: |
secondary |
secondary |
rural areas |
19 |
0.00003 |
947.6 |
0.439 |
|
language |
"jornalero, propria finca, inactivo" |
or more |
or more |
|
|
|
|
|
|
does not |
other: "empleado, asalariado, |
None |
secondary |
other urban |
573 |
0.00085 |
1019.7 |
0.472 |
|
|
dueño o patrón, independiente, |
|
or more |
centers |
|
|
|
|
|
|
otro" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
does not |
agricultural worker or inactive: |
Primary |
none |
rural areas |
20154 |
0.02980 |
1033.7 |
0.479 |
|
|
"jornalero, propria finca, inactivo" |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peru |
speaks native |
Missing |
None |
primary |
Arequipa, |
123 |
0.00003 |
76.1 |
0.082 |
|
language |
|
|
complete |
Callao & Lima |
|
|
|
|
|
speaks native |
|
None |
primary |
southern and |
1,809 |
0.00038 |
331.4 |
0.359 |
|
language |
|
|
complete |
other costal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
departments |
|
|
|
|
|
speaks native |
|
Primary |
primary |
Arequipa, |
1,009 |
0.00021 |
421.6 |
0.457 |
|
language |
|
incomplete |
complete |
Callao & Lima |
|
|
|
|
|
speaks native |
|
None |
none |
southern and |
274,659 |
0.05727 |
429.6 |
0.466 |
|
language |
|
|
|
other costal |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
departments |
|
|
|
|
|
speaks native |
|
None |
none |
Inland (sierra |
390,630 |
0.08145 |
453.3 |
0.492 |
|
language |
|
|
|
and selva) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
non-southern |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
departments |
|
|
|
|
53