6 Косвенная речь

УТВЕРДИТЕЛЬНЫЕ И ОТРИЦАТЕЛЬНЫЕ ПРЕДЛОЖЕНИЯ

Вводится словами

Не said that ..

He said to me that…

He told me that …

Если слова автора стоят в прошлом, при переходе из прямой речи в косвенную происходят следующие изменения. Меняется:

• ВРЕМЯ

Прямая речь Косвенная речь

PRESENT INDEFINITE PAST INDEFINITE

PRESENT CONTINUOUS PAST CONTINUOUS

PRESENT PERFECT PAST PERFECT

PRESENT PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PAST INDEFINITE PAST PERFECT

PAST CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

PAST PERFECT PAST PERFECT

PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS PAST PERFECT CONTINUOUS

FUTURE FUTURE-IN-THE-PAST

WILL WOULD

AM, IS WAS

ARE WERE

WAS, WERE HAD BEEN

HAVE, HAS HAD

CAN COULD

MAY MIGHT

MUST HAD TO, MUST

He said “I am reading”

He said that he was reading.

He said “I have done what she can’t do”

He said that he had done what she couldn’t do.

• НАРЕЧИЯ МЕСТА И ВРЕМЕНИ

Прямая речь Косвенная речь

This that

These those

Here there

Today that day

Tonight that night

Now then, at that moment

Yesterday that day, the day before

Ago before

Last month (week) the previous month (week)

Tomorrow the next day

Next month (week) the next (following) month (week)

He said “I’ll speak with this girl here”

He said that he would speak with that girl there.

He said “I won’t go to the movies today, I saw this film yesterday.”

He said that he wouldn’t go to the movies that day, he had seen that film the day before”

• МЕСТОИМЕНИЯ

Прямая речь Косвенная речь

I he, she

My his, her

Me him, her

You I, me, we, us

Your my, our

We They

He said “I gave you my report”

He said that he had given me his report.

• СПЕЦИАЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ (начинаются с вопросительного слова)

Для слов автора используются слова ASK, REQUEST, INQUIRE, WANT TO KNOW, WONDER.

После слов автора стоит вопросительное слово, а после него следует прямой порядок слов (подлежащее, а затем сказуемое). При переходе из прямой речи в косвенную также изменяются время, наречия места и времени и местоимения.

He said “Where did you go?”

He asked where he had gone.

She said “What are you doing here?”

She wondered what I was doing there.

• ОБЩИЕ, АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫЕ И РАЗДЕЛИТЕЛЬНЫЕ ВОПРОСЫ.

Для слов автора используются слова ASK, REQUEST, INQUIRE, WANT TO KNOW, WONDER.

После слов автора стоит IF (ли) или WHETHER, а после него следует прямой порядок слов (подлежащее, а затем сказуемое). При переходе из прямой речи в косвенную также изменяются время, наречия места и времени и местоимения.

He said “Does she come here every day?”

He asked if she came there every day.

He said “Did you go to Paris or London?”

He wanted to know if I had gone to London or Paris”.

He said “You remember this man, don’t you?”

He wondered if I remembered that man”

• ПРОСЬБЫ, ПРИКАЗЫ, РАСПОРЯЖЕНИЯ

Для слов автора используются слова ASK и TELL (велеть) . В качестве слов автора нельзя употреблять SAY.

Также можно использовать ORDER, REQUEST, ADVISE, SUGGEST (+ V ING), OFFER, REMIND, WARN, INVITE, ALLOW, FORBID, PERSUADE, RECOMMEND.

После слов автора стоит инфинитив в утвердительной или отрицательной форме (TO BE or NOT TO BE)

He said “ Mary, open the door”

He asked Mary to open the door.

He said “Don’t close the window”

He asked not to close the window.

Introductory verb

1. agree + to-inf

2. demand

3. offer

4. promise

5. refuse

6. threaten

7. claim

8. advise+ sb + to-inf

9. allow

10. ask

11. beg

12. command

13. encourage

14. forbid

15. instruct

16. invite sb

17. Order

18. permit

19. remind

20. urge

21. warn

22. want

23. accuse sb of + -ing form

24. apologise for

25. admit (to)

26. boast about

27. complain to sb about

28. deny

29. insist on

30. suggest

31. agree + that-clause

32. claim

33. complain

34. deny

35. exclaim

36. explain

37. inform sb

38. promise suggest

39. explain to sb + how

40 wonder where/what/ why/how + clause

(when the subject of the introductory verb is not the same as the subject in the indirect question)

41 wonder + whether + to-inf or clause wonder where/what/ how + to-inf

(when the subject of the infinitive is the same as the subject of the verb)

Direct Speech

1. Yes, /'// do it again."

2. "Tell me the truth!"

3. "Would you like me to drive you home?"

4. "I will pay you on Friday."

5. "No, I won't tell you her secret."

6. "Keep quiet or I'll punish you."

7. "I witnessed the crime."

8. "You should talk about your problem."

9. "You can use my phone."

10. "Please, close the door."

11. "Please, please don't hit the dog."

12. "Move to your right."

13. "Go ahead, say what you think."

14. "You mustn't come home after eleven."

15. "Mix the eggs with the flour."

16. "I'd like you to come to my party."

17. "Don't leave your room again."

18. "You may speak to the judge."

19. "Don't forget to turn the lights off."

20. "Try to have sympathy for the family."

21. "Don't touch the wire with wet hands.

22. "I'd like you to be kind."

23. 'You acted as if you were guilty.'

24. "I'm sorry I hurt you."

25. "Yes, I was wrong."

26. "I'm the fastest runner of all."

27. "You always argue."

28. "No, I didn't eat your cake."

29. "You must wear that blouse."

30. "Let's order a pizza."

31. "Yes, she's very kind."

32. "I saw the accident."

33. "You never ask my opinion."

34. "I have never met her!"

35. "It's a tragedy!"

36. "It's a complicated problem."

37. "Your request is being reviewed.'

38. "I won't be late."

39. "You ought to give her a call."

40. "That's how I succeeded."

41. He asked himself, "How old is she?"

42. He asked himself, "Where are my keys?"

43. He asked himself, "Why is she so cold?"

44. He asked himself, "What is the right answer?"

45. He asked himself, "Shall I invite them?"

46. He asked himself, "Where shall I go?"

47. He asked himself, "What shall I read first?"

48. He asked himself, "How shall I tell her?"

Reported Speech

1. He agreed to do it again.

2. He demanded to be told the truth.

3. He offered to drive me home.

4. He promised to pay me on Friday.

5. He refused to tell me her secret.

6. He threatened to punish me if I didn’t keep

7. He claimed to have witnessed the crime.

8. He advised me to talk about my problem.

9. He allowed me to use his phone.

10. He asked me to close the door.

11. He begged me not to hit the dog.

12. He commanded me to move to my right.

13. He encouraged me to say what I thought.

14. He forbade us to come home after eleven.

15. He instructed me to mix the eggs with the

16. He invited me (to go) to his party.

17. He ordered me not to leave my room again.

18. He permitted/allowed me to speak to the

19. He reminded me to turn the lights off.

20. He urged me to try to have sympathy for the

21. He warned me not to touch the wire with wet

22. He wanted me to be kind.

23. He accused me of acting as if I were guilty.

24. He apologised for hurting me.

25. He admitted (to) being wrong.

26. He boasted about being the fastest runner of

27. He complained to me about my arguing.

28. He denied eating/having eaten my cake.

29. He insisted on me/my wearing that blouse.

30. He suggested ordering a pizza.

31. He agreed that she was very kind.

32. He claimed that he had seen the accident.

33. He complained that I never asked his

34. He denied that he had ever met

35. He exclaimed that it was a tragedy.

36. He explained that it was a complicated

37. He informed me that my request was being

38. He promised that he wouldn't be late.

39. He suggested that I give her a call.

40. He explained to me how he had succeeded

41. He wondered how old she was.

42. He wondered where his keys were.

43. He wondered why she was so cold.

44. He wondered what the right answer was.

45. He wondered whether to invite them.

46. He wondered whether he should invite them.

47. He wondered where to go.

48. He wondered what to read first.

49. He wondered how to tell her.