40 Сослагательное наклонение

SHOULD+INF или SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD (глагол без TO и без –S в 3 лице) употребляется в придаточных предложениях после

• Глаголов, выражающих предложение, приказ или решение, таких как TO ARRANGE, TO BE ANXIOUS, TO BE DETERMINED, TO DEСIDE, TO DEMAND, TO GIVE INSTRUCTIONS, TO GIVE ORDERS, TO INSIST, TO MAKE UP ONE’S MIND, TO MOVE, TO ORDER, TO PREFER, TO PROPOSE, TO RECOMMEND, TO REQUEST, TO REQUIRE, TO SUGGEST, TO TAKE CARE, TO URGE

She insisted that he (should) return home after work immediately, but he hated it.

They usually demand that everybody (should) be accountable to them.

• Формального подлежащего IT и прилагательных выражающих необходимость или рекомендацию, таких как NECESSARY, IMPORTANT, VITAL, IMPERATIVE, ESSENTIAL, URGENT, ADVISABLE, DESIRABLE, а также причастий, образованных от вышеупомянутых глаголов SUGGESTED, PROPOSED, REQUIRED, DEMANDED, REQUESTED, RECOMMENDED, DEСIDED, AGREED, DETERMINED, ARRANGED.

It is necessary that the work (should) be done within a week.

• Существительных, выражающих приказ, распоряжение и т д., таких как AGREEMENT, AMBITION, DECISION, DEMAND, DESIRE, ORDER, PROPOSAL, RECOMMENDATION, REQUEST, REQUIREMENT, SUGGESTION, UNDERSTANDING, WISH

His proposal that we (should) merge with our competitors was absurd.

• В придаточных цели после SO THAT, LEST. Subjunctive Mood используется в Американском варианте английского. После LEST отрицание не ставится.

I gave him a map so that he shouldn’t (lest he should) lose the way.

Условные предложения

• Если действие относится к настоящему или будущему, то в главном предложении употребляется SHOULD (1 лицо), WOULD (все лица), COULD или MIGHT + V, а в придаточном PAST INDEFINITE или WERE для всех лиц.

If I were you I would study foreign languages.

If I wrote poems, I could write about this woman.

• Если действие относится к прошлому, то в главном предложении употребляется SHOULD (1 лицо), WOULD (все лица), COULD или MIGHT + HAVE + V3, а в придаточном PAST PERFECT.

If you had warned me before, I wouldn’t have told her the news.

I could have believed him then, if he hadn’t deceived me many times.

	Главное предложение	(IF) Придаточное предложение
Настоящее Будущее	WOULD SHOULD + V COULD MIGHT	PAST INDEFINITE WERE
Прошедшее	WOULD SHOULD + HAVE + V3 COULD MIGHT	PAST PERFECT

• Иногда действие в главном и придаточном предложениях происходят в разное время. В этом случае берется необходимая форма для данного времени и типа предложения.

If he were kind he would have never hurt her feelings.

If you had taken a tablet yesterday, you wouldn’t have headache now.

• В предложениях типа “Будь он внимателен …”, “Приди он вовремя …” исчезает IF и происходит инверсия. (глагол встает на первое место)

Were he more attentive, we wouldn’t have missed the train.

Had he come in time, we would have taken part in the competition.

• Фраза ЕСЛИ БЫ НЕ переводится BUT FOR или IF IT WEREN’T FOR (IF I HADN’T BEEN FOR)

But for (if it weren’t for) the rain we could go to the forest.

• Фраза СЛУЧИСЬ ТАК, ЧТО переводится при помощи SHOULD

Should he return, give him these papers.

WOULD (SHOULD с 1 лицом) + INF употребляется, если действие относится к настоящему или будущему

• В простых предложениях

I would go there.

• В главных предложениях с придаточными условия

If she came we would go to the cinema.

• После BUT FOR

But for the rain I would go to the forest.

• После OR, OTHERWISE в значении ИНАЧЕ

Nobody rang you up otherwise I should (would) call you.

• В придаточных после I WISH и IF ONLY только, если действие относится к будущему. Также употребляется форма COULD.

I wish I would (could) go abroad next summer.

WOULD (SHOULD с 1 лицом) + HAVE + V3 употребляется, если действие относится к прошлому.

• В простых предложениях

I would have helped him then.

• В главных предложениях с придаточными условия

If he had asked me yesterday, I would have written the report.

• После BUT FOR

But for his threats I would have told you the truth long ago.

• После OR, OTHERWISE в значении ИНАЧЕ

Nobody rang you up otherwise I should (would) call you.

PAST INDEFINITE или WERE для всех лиц употребляется, если действие относится к настоящему или будущему

• После IT IS TIME

It is time we had dinner.

• В придаточных условия после IF, IN CASE, UNLESS, ON CONDITION THAT, PROVIDED, PROVIDING.

If I were you I would speak to him.

If she came, we would do the homework together.

• В придаточных сравнения после AS IF, AS THOUGH

She looked at me as if I were from another planet.

• В придаточных после I WISH и IF ONLY

I wish my son travelled a lot.

PAST PERFECT употребляется, если действие относится к прошлому:

• В придаточных условия после IF, IN CASE, UNLESS, ON CONDITION THAT, PROVIDED, PROVIDING.

If I had known it before you I would have helped him.

If she came, we would do the homework together.

• В придаточных сравнения после AS IF, AS THOUGH

She looked as though she had hungry for a long time.

• В придаточных после I WISH и IF ONLY

I wish he had understood all before.

MAY/MIGHT + INFINITIVE

• После выражений страха и ужаса, таких как TO FEAR, TO BE FRIGHTENED, TO BE AFRAID, TO BE TERRIFIED, TO FEEL APPREHENSION и союза THAT. Согласование времен соблюдается.

She is afraid that she may miss the train.

She was afraid that she might miss the train.

• В придаточных цели после союзов SO THAT, IN ORDER THAT. Согласование времен соблюдается. Также употребляется форма CAN/COULD.

Please leave the window open so that the cat may (can) enter any time.

She came earlier so that she might (could) speak to him in private.

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