Variant V Grammar

Choose the right variant (a, b, c or d)

1. Не ... Professor Clark for ten years already.

a) knows c) has known

b) have known d) is known

2. The last committee meeting ... on 19 August.

a) was held c) had held

b) was holding d) has been held

3. Much effort ... this year to improve the situation in industry.

a) has been made c) will have made

b) is making d) has made

4. Some pressing problems ... at the symposium.

a) will be discussing c) will have discussed

b) will be discussed d) will discuss

5. He said they ... more funds for scientific research the following year.

a) to be needed c) needs

b) have needed d) would need

6. New sources of cheap energy ... to be found in future.

a) must c) is

b) are d) may

7. He could ... to the conference, but he lost his invitation.

a) had gone c) has gone

b) have gone d) went

8. It will be difficult for him ... the tests by May.

a) complete c) completed

b) completing d) to complete

9. They didn't expect us ... so early.

a) had arrived c) to arrive

b) arrived d) arrive

10. We didn't see them ... the laboratory.

a) left c) leave

b) had left d) were leaving

11. ... such results she had to work hard.

a) To achieve c) Achieved

b) Achieve d) Being achieved

12. ... experiments is impossible without some theoretical knowledge.

a) Made c) Being made

b) To be made d) Making

13. The method ... above is the most accurate.

a) describing c) having described

b) described d) to describe

14. The problem ... at the moment is not of primary importance.

a) discussed c) being discussed

b) discussing d) having been discussed

15. Metals do not melt until ... to a definite temperature.

a) have heated c) heated

b) will be d) heating heated

16. ... the measurements the experimenter then processed the data.

a) Made c) Having made

b) Had made d) Having been made

17. ... to 0° C the ice began to melt.

a) Having been warmed c) Having warmed

b) Has been warmed d) Had been warmed

18. I ... more if I had more time.

a) will read c) had read

b) read d) would read

19. If your thesis ... the necessary requirements, it will be accepted by the Academic Council.

a) will meet c) meets

b) will be met d) meet

20. If you had prepared your report, we ... to it at the last meeting.

a) would listen c) listened

b) had listened d) would have listened

Vocabulary

Choose one variant (a, b, c or d) which could be used in place of the word or phrase underlined without changing the meaning of the sentence

1. Transistors are successfully used for direct transformation of heat energy into electrical energy by means of thermal elements.

a) through the use of c) instead of

b) without d) apart from

2. This consideration is essential for taking effective measures.

a) similar c) important

b) sufficient d) complete

3. The results obtained so far appear to confirm the idea that Mars is really a cold lifeless desert.

a) contradict c) support

b) put forward d) put to question

4. This direction in research is better financed compared to some other studies.

a) in terms of c) except for

b) than d) due to

5. The problems of environmental protection have gone beyond national boundaries.

a) inside c) out of

b) parallel to d) towards

6. Vernadsky interpreted he biosphere as the global envelope produced on the Earth with the development of life.

a) protected c) regarded

b) supported d) provided

7. For want of a better analogy we shall turn to the one given in the earlier paper.

a) In comparison with c) In accordance with

b) In terms of d) Because of the absence of

8. The studies are under way at many laboratories.

a) planned c) put off

b) going on d) conducted in the underground

9. Scientific information is growing at a very high rate.

a) accuracy c) wave

b) speed d) per cent

10. Quantum fields are modern versions of the classical fields introduced in the 19^th century to account for such phenomena as electric and magnetic forces.

a) change c) increase

b) reduce d) explain