28.4. Граматика. Пряма та непряма мови

У непрямій мові обставинні слова змінюються:

Пряма мова	Непряма мова
today	that day
yesterday	the day before
tomorrow	the next day
... ago	... before
this (these)	that (those)
here	there
last year	the year before
next ...	the following ...

Перетворення спонукальних речень в непрямій мові

Keep quiet! Don’t make noise!
He told (asked) me	to keep quiet and not to make noise.

Перетворення стверджувальних речень з прямої в непряму мову

I am an engineer. I work at a plant. In the evening I study English.
He said Не told me	that	he was an engineer and worked at a plant and added that he studied English in the evening.
I saw my friend yesterday.
He said He told me	that	he had seen his friend the day before.
We lived in Rome two years ago. My father worked there.
He said He told me	that	they had lived in Rome two years before and added that his father had worked there.
I will tell you about it tomorrow.
He said He told me	that	he would tell me about it the next day.

Час підрядного речення не змінюється, якщо підрядне речення є висловлюванням, що не викликає заперечень. Наприклад, “The earth is round,” said the teacher. – The teacher said (that) the earth is round.

Past Continuous зазвичай не змінюється: “I was travelling to Brighton while she was flying to the USA,” he said. – He said he was travelling to Brighton while she was flying to the USA.

Модальні дієслова would, could, might, should, ought to не зміню-ються у непрямій мові: “He might visit us,” Mum said. – Mum said that he might visit us.

Вправа 2. Передайте непрямою мовою, використовуючи дієслова у дужках.

1. Close the door, please. (tell) – The teacher ___. 2. Will you hold these books for a moment, please? (ask) – The librarian ___. 3. Please don’t tell anyone about what happened. (ask) – Mike ___. 4. Keep silence! (tell). The teacher ___. 5. Could you give me a lift? (ask) – Jack ___. 6. Put on your hat and scarf at once! (tell) – Mother ___.

28.5. Домашнє завдання

Вправа 3. Запишіть речення непрямою мовою.

1. The physicist said to the journalist: “We have already finished the experiment”. 2. The young chemist said: “The discovery is of great practical value”. 3. The engineers replied: “We must make the design accessible for cleaning”. 4. The operator said: “It was difficult to maintain constant tempera-ture.” 5. The scientist said: “We have been discussing the problem with our colleagues for two hours” 6. The researcher declared: “The development of the electronic computer has changed the scientific world”. 7. The programmer argued: “Any programme contains at least one error”. 8. The plumber reassured us: “From now on the tap will work perfectly well”. 9. The chief said to a young designer: “Check the capacity of the engine”. 10. The lecturer said: “The neutron was discovered in 1932”.

Вправа 4. Передайте речення непрямою мовою.

1. The teacher explained, “In fact every hydraulic system can be reduced to a simple pump-motor system”. 2. The expert said, “Laser cutting is excellent at processing different materials”. 3. The researcher explained, “Radio waves have been used since 1931 to investigate celestial objects”. 4. The oceanographer said, “We will develop innovative techniques to restore aquatic ecosystems”. 5. The manager said, “We offer you a part-time job on your computer”.

Вправа 5. Складіть розповідь про забруднення вашого міста, району, вулиці, під’їзду тощо.