27.2. Письмові завдання

Вправа 1. Прочитайте та перекладіть письмово наступний текст.

Eco - catastrophe

Air pollution continues to be the most obvious manifestation of environ-mental deterioration. Giant metropolises like New York and Los Angeles, suffer from recurrent smog disasters.

The public has been partially prepared for the worst as TV screens became filled with scenes of horror from the areas worst affected by pollution.

Terms like nitrogen oxide, acute bronchitis and cardiac arrest began to have real meaning for most Americans. The department of Health, Education and Welfare announced studies that showed unequivocally that increasing death rates from hypertension, cirrhosis of the liver, liver cancer and a series of other diseases had resulted from these chemical compounds – products of industrial waste and automobile exhaust fumes.

27.3. Читання

Прочитайте діалог по ролях.

A: Can you tell me anything about smoggy cities?

B: I know that the smoggiest cities in the world are Teheran, Baghdad, Delhi, Calcutta, Athens and Madrid.

A: And what is the reason?

B: It’s the presence of great amount of sulphur dioxide and suspended particles in the air. Rain washes these harmful substances out of the air, but this creates “acid rain”.

A: Are acid rains harmful?

B: Certainly. They pollute water, damage crops, forests and buildings.

A: Do they affect people’s health?

B: Of course, they do.

27.4. Граматика. Узгодження часів

Запам’ятайте! Якщо у головному реченні використовується присудок у минулому часі, то й у підрядному реченні присудок повинен бути в одній з форм минулого часу, а саме:

Головне речення в минулому часі		Підрядне речення
Past Simple	1. для одночасної дії (в укр. мові – теперішній час)	Past Simple V-ed Past Continuous was / were + V-ing
	2. для дії, яка мала місце раніше (в укр. мові – минулий час)	Past Perfect had + V-III
	3. для майбутньої дії (в укр. мові – майбутній час)	Future-in-the-Past would + V-0

Приклади.

He said that	he often went to the skating rink.
	he had gone the skating rink the last week.
	he would go to the skating rink the next week.
Він сказав, що	він часто ходить на каток.
	він ходив на каток минулого тижня.
	він піде на каток наступного тижня.

Вправа 2. Перекладіть речення, звертаючи увагу на узгодження часів.

1. Nobody expected that he would ever be able to do it. 2. It seemed that everything was quite all right. 3. He told them what had happened to him in Paris. 4. We knew that he was writing a new novel. 5. He declared that he would defend his rights. 6. She said that similar questions might be asked at the examinations. 7. We heard that she had become a champion. 8. He saw that the ship was leaving.

Вправа 3. Поставте дієслова у дужках у необхідній формі.

1. I knew that John currently (to work) at a new project. 2. Mike hoped that his friend (to help) him with his technical drawing. 3. We didn’t know the score, but we were sure their team (to lose) the game. 4. Yesterday Tom learned that his aunt (to be ill) for two months. 5. The children were afraid of making any noise because Mom (to sleep). 6. He said that he (to trust) me. 7. We were told that Andrew (to go) to enter that college. 8. The police found out that Bob Slant (to live) in London’s suburbs at that time. 9. My parents decided that we (to celebrate) my birthday on Saturday. 10. The student wasn’t able to do the translation because he (not / to know) some special terms. 11. Ann wasn’t informed that the lecture (to take place) the next Friday.

Вправа 4. Передайте речення непрямою мовою, починаючи їх словами у дужках.

1. The children are playing in the yard. (She thought) 2. Her friend will come to see her. (She hoped) 3. Father has repaired his bicycle. (He thought) 4. She knows English very well. (I supposed) 5. Our sportsmen will win the game. (We were sure) 6. She made no mistakes in her dictation. (She was glad) 7. He works at his English hard. (I knew) 8. She dances better than anybody else. (I was told) 9. My cousin has received a very interesting offer from his company. (I learnt) 10. She will come to stay with us. (My aunt wrote in her letter) 11. He is painting a new picture. (We heard) 12. His new picture will be a masterpiece. (We were sure) 13. You will fall and break your leg. (I was afraid) 14. My friend has never been to Washington. (I knew) 15. She never drinks milk. (I was told) 16. He is a very talented singer. (We were told) 17. They live a happy life. (We knew) 18. He does not know German at all. (I found out)