3.4.2. Дієслова to be, to have Дієслово to be

Функції та значення	Приклади
1. Смислове дієслово із значенням «бути», «знаходитись». У реченні після нього вживається іменник з прийменником або прислівник.	Our institute is in the center of the city. – Наш інститут знаходиться у центрі міста. He is here. – Він тут.
2. Дієслово–зв’язка. Після нього можуть вживатися іменник або прикметник	My friend is a designer. – Мій друг - конструктор. She is beautiful. – Вона вродлива.
3. Допоміжне дієслово: а) для формування часів групи Continuous; б) для формування пасивного стану.	He is making an experiment. – Він проводить експеримент. This book was published last year. – Ця книга була опублікована у минулому році.
4. Модальне дієслово у значенні «повинен»: to be to	He is to come at 7. – Він повинен прийти о сьомій.

Відмінювання дієслова to be (бути) в Present Indefinite Tense
Число Особа	Однина	Множина
І	I am	We are
ІІ	You are	You are
ІІІ	He, she, it is	They are

Приклади.

1. He is a student. 2. He is not a student. 3. Is he a student?

Відмінювання дієслова to be (бути) в Past Indefinite Tense
Число Особа	Однина	Множина
І	I was	We were
ІІ	You was	You were
ІІІ	He, she, it was	They were

Приклади.

1. He was a student. 2. He was not a student. 3. Was he a student?

Відмінювання дієслова to be (бути) в Future Indefinite Tense
Число Особа	Однина	Множина
І	I shall (will) be	We shall (will) be
ІІ	You will be	You will be
ІІІ	He, she, it will be	They will be

Приклади.

1. He will be a student. 2. He will not be a student. 3. Will he be a student?

Запитання для самоперевірки.

1. Скільки форм має дієслово to be у простому теперішньому часі? 2. Скільки форм має дієслово to be у простому минулому часі? 3. Чи потрібно вживати допоміжні дієслова для побудови питального і заперечного речень з дієсловом to be?

Дієслово to have

Відмінювання дієслова to have (мати) в Present Indefinite Tense
Число Особа	Однина	Множина
І	I have	We have
ІІ	You have	You have
ІІІ	He, she, it has	They have

Приклади

1. He has a dog. 2. He does not have a dog. 3. Does he have a dog?

Past Indefinite Tense – had

Приклади

1. I had a bicycle. 2. Did you have a pet when you were a child? 3. They didn’t have any time to meet us.

Future Indefinite Tense – will have

Приклади

1. I will have time to help you tomorrow. 2. Will you have musicians at your party? 3. They will not (won’t) have much money.

Запам’ятайте!

to have = to have got

Приклади

1. He has got a dog. 2. He has not got a dog. 3. Has he got a dog?

Запам’ятайте!

to have dinner (breakfast, lunch, supper) to have a cup of tea (a cigarette, a meal, a drink) to have a shower (a bath, a sleep, a rest, a talk, a chat) to have a good time

 

Вправа 7. Поставте дієслово to be в Present Indefinite Tense.

1. I ___ a pupil. 2. My father ___ not a teacher, he ___ a scientist. 3. ___ your aunt a doctor? – Yes, she ___. 4. ___ they at home? – No, they ___ not at home, they ___ at work. 5. My brother ___ a worker. He ___ at work. 6. ___ you an engineer? – Yes, I ___. 7. ___ your sister a typist? – No, she ___ not a typist, she ___ a student. 8. ___ your brother at school? – Yes, he ___. 9. ___ your sister at school? – No, she ___ not at school. My sister ___ at home. 10. ___ this your watch? — Yes, it ___. 11. She ___ an actress. 12. This ___ my bag. 13. My uncle ___ an office-worker. He ___ at work.

Вправа 8. Поставте дієслово to be в Past Indefinite Tense.

1. They ___ absent at the institute on Friday. 2. We ___ busy all day yesterday. 3. Yesterday the weather ___ very cold. 4. All the exercises at the last lesson ___ easy. 5. My English teacher ___ not satisfied with my answer. 6. Last month you ___ ill. 7. I ___ very tired when I came home yesterday. 8. Max ___ pleased to receive the first prize. 9. She ___ afraid to go through the woods alone. 10. Peter and Leo ___ at home when I called on them the other day.

Вправа 9. Заповніть речення відповідними формами дієслова to have.

1. My brother ___ dark hair now, but when he was a child he ___ rather fair hair. 2. Let’s go to the party. We ___ a good time there. 3. I want to call him. ___ you ___ his telephone number? 4. I ___ a terrible headache. 5. We couldn’t get the concert tickets yesterday because we ___ (not) enough money.