26.5. Домашнє завдання

Вправа 5. Передайте наступні речення у минулому часі.

1. Mother says Nick has just phoned from the Crimea. 2. He says he has spent the whole month at the sea-side. 3. Nick says his friend and he are spending most of their time on the beach. 4. Nick says he has visited a lot of beautiful places along the Black Sea coast. 5. He says he has made lots of pictures while travelling in the mountains. 6. Mother says Nick will tell us a lot of interesting stories that happened to him. 7. She says that last time she was to the Crimea many years ago. 8. She says she will go there next summer.

Вправа 6. Перекладіть англійською.

1. Він сказав, що любить проводити свою відпустку в Криму і збирається поїхати туди цього літа. 2. Аня була рада, що вся сім’я прийшла в аеропорт провести її перед вильотом у Лондон. 3. Він не мав певності, що йому треба їхати саме туди. 4. Я був засмучений, що всі квитки в театр опери та балету вже продані. 5. Студенти зраділи, що наступного року всі лекції будуть читати англійською. 6. Мені сказали, що незабаром цей фільм демонструватимуть на екранах кінотеатрів. 7. Він повідомив, що у нього нема ще ніякої інформації щодо результатів досліджень.

Вправа 7. Розкажіть про забруднення води, використовуючи активні слова та словосполучення.

Lesson 27. Air Pollution

27.1. Усна тема. Забруднення повітря

Прочитайте текст. Знайдіть у словнику та запам’ятайте підкреслені слова.

Air pollution has probably been with us since the very beginning of our existence on this planet, and even when man was not present.

Today, industrial activity is so great and fuel-powered transportation devices are so numerous that air pollution of human origin is starting to produce noticeable effects on a global scale. Carbon monoxide (CO) emitted by automobile engines arises from incomplete combustion of hydrocarbons found in gasoline in which the fuel reacts with less oxygen than it is theoretically possible. It is estimated that as a result of human activity about 260 million tons of carbon monoxide are released into the Earth’s atmosphere every year. Automobile exhaust gases contain an average of 4–5 % CO. As to sulphur oxides, they have other bad effects in addition to those concerning human health. In high concentrations they are lethal to vegetation.

There exists one more ecological problem which is threatening the globe as a whole. The protective layer of ozone around our planet is under severe attack. In early 1980s researches first identified a yawning hole in the Antarctic where the ozone layer was the thinnest. Five years later it was reported that the hole had grown to an area the size of the United States. The fundamental importance of the ozone layer is that it acts as a filter intercepting most of the sun’s radiation including potentially harmful ultraviolet β-rays which can cause melanoma – skin cancer.

The cause of the appearance of the arctic hole is the growing industrial use of chlorine compounds called chlorofluorocarbons (CFC-s). CFC is a propellent gas commonly used in aerosol sprays, air cooling systems in fridges and air conditioning. There is the need for an international agreement that would completely stop CFC production.

Визначте, чи правильними є висловлювання.

1. Industrial activity produces no effect on nature. 2. Automobile engines emit carbon monoxide. 3. Every year one ton of carbon monoxide is emitted into the atmosphere. 4. Sulphur oxides are harmful only to human health. 5. Scientists discovered the hole in ozone layer in 1917. 6. Now the ozone hole is the size of Moldova. 7. Ozone layer protects the Earth against the sun’s radiation. 8. Too much ultraviolet radiation can cause only good suntan. 9. The arctic hole appeared due to the use of CFC-s. 10. CFC-s are used in nuclear reactors.