Контрольная работа Вариант 8
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Steering System
То guide the car, it is necessary to have some means of turning the front wheels so that the car can be pointed in the direction the driver wants to go. The steering wheel in front of the driver is linked by gears and levers to the front wheels for this purpose. The front wheels are on pivots so they can be swung to the left or right. They are attached by steering knuckle arms to the rods. The tie-rods are, in turn, attached (o (he pitman arm.
When the steering wheel is turned, gearing in the steering gear as - sembly causes the pitman arm to turn to the left or right. This movement is carried by the tie-rods to the steering knuckle arms, and wheels, musing them to turn to the left or right.
The steering system incorporates: the steering wheel and column, steering gear, pitman arm, steering knuckle arm, front axle, steering knuckle pivot, tie-rods.
There are several different manual steering gears in current use, such as the rack and pinion type and the recirculating ball type.
Рис. 4. Steering System
1.steering wheel - рулевое колесо
2.steering column, steering mast - рулевая колонка
3.steering gear - рулевой механизм
4. steering arm, steering lever, (steering) pitman arm - рулевая сошка
5.steering knuckle — поворотная цапфа, поворотный кулак
6. steering knuckle lever, steering knuckle arm - рычаг поворотного кулака
7. single tie-rod - неразрезная поперечная рулевая тяга
8. steering knuckle lever, steering knuckle arm - рычаг поворотного кулака
9. drag link, steering gear connecting rod, steering drag rod - продольная рулевая тяга
The rack and pinion steering gear is widely used. Another manual steering gear which is popular in imported cars is the worm and sector type.
The steering wheel and column are the source of injury to the driver, air bags and other devices being developed now to safe the life of a driver.
Energy-absorbing columns must stop the steering wheel and column from being pushed to the rear as the front of the car is crushed in an impact.
Energy-absorbing columns must also provide the driver with a tolerable impact as he moves forward and strikes the wheel with his chest.
Найдите в тексте ответы на следующие вопросы.
1.What mechanism is necessary to guide the car?
2.How is the steering wheel connected to the front wheels?
3.Why can the front wheels be swung to the left or to the right?
4.What does the manual steering system incorporate?
5.What types of manual steering gears in use do you know?
II Вместо пропусков поставьте необходимую форму глагола to be (am, is, are, was, were, will be)
1. I___a painter and my aunt ….a teacher.
2. They___on the walls.
3. The book___on the shelf yesterday.
4. The shelf___brown tomorrow.
5. The flower ___on the wall.
III Вместо пропусков поставьте необходимую форму глагола to have (have, has, had, will have)
1. Ann and Pete ... a birthday party tonight.
2. Their mother... many grandchildren.
3. I... no time after lessons.
4. Last Tuesday Jack ... a meeting.
5. She... many relatives in different towns.
6. He …a good job in a bank.
7. My sister … three children.
IV Поставьте выделенное существительное в форму множественного числа и произведите необходимые изменения в предложениях:
Образец: This is a dog. These are dogs.
1. Is his brother at home? - Yes, he is.
2. This house has a balcony looking out on the street.
3. The architecture of this building is quite modern.
4. This is a new district of St. Petersburg.
5. There is a shop, a cinema and a theatre in the new district.
V Поставьте прилагательные в скобках в нужную форму: (степени сравнения)
1. This book is (interesting) of all.
2. January is the (cold) month of the year.
3. My sister speaks English (bad) than I do.
4. Which is the (hot) month of the year?
5. Which is the (beautiful) place in this part of the country?
VI Раскройте скобки, используя настоящее, прошедшее или будущее простое время.
1. I (to go) to bed at ten o'clock every day.
2. I (not to go) to bed at ten o'clock.
3. My brother (to wash) his face every morning.
4. He (not to wash) his face with cold water.
5. You (to have) history lessons every day?
6. Mary (to rest) after long day?
7. My mother (to take) a bus to get to work yesterday.
8. My brother (not to drink) coffee yesterday.
9. You (to talk) to the members of your family two days ago?
10. Your brother (to go) to the country with us next Sunday?
11. I (to send) a letter to my friend tomorrow.
12. You (not to go) to the south next summer.