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Файл:Новый формат Проект АНГЛИЙСКИЙ 2017.doc
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- •Английский язык
- •Содержание
- •Введение
- •I. Warm -up activities
- •1.1. Pronounce the words properly and state the part of speech:
- •1.2. Match the columns:
- •1.3 Match the words with their definitions:
- •II. Reading
- •III. Comprehension check
- •3.1. Answer the following questions:
- •3.2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •IV. Grammar in Focus
- •4.1. Fill in the gaps:
- •4.2. Put the verb into the correct tense-form:
- •4.3. Choose the appropriate verb:
- •4.4. Choose the appropriate pronoun:
- •V. Speaking
- •5.1. Complete the short dialogues:
- •1.3. Match the words with their definitions:
- •II. Reading
- •III. Comprehension check
- •3.1. Answer the questions:
- •3.2. Find:
- •3.3. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •IV. Grammar in Focus
- •4.1. Translate the sentences. Pay attention to the verbs in the Simple Active. Give the negative and question forms:
- •4.2. Put the verb in brackets into the Present, Past Simple or Future Simple Active. Make up all types of questions to the sentences if possible:
- •V. Speaking
- •5.1. Complete the short dialogues:
- •5.2. Make up your own dialogues using the models from the task 4.1. These phrases and words may be helpful for you:
- •II. Reading
- •III. Comprehension check
- •3.1. Answer the following questions:
- •3.2. Match the type of a house with its definition.
- •3.3. Complete each sentence (a—h) with one of the endings (1—8):
- •IV. Grammar in Focus
- •4.2. Make up the different types of questions to the sentences:
- •4.3. Ask several questions to the text paying attention to «there is, there are».
- •V. Speaking
- •5.1. Agree or disagree with the following statements. Explain your point of view.
- •5.2.* Read the quotations below. Choose any quotation and comment on it:
- •5.3. Comment on the proverbs.
- •5.4. Tell about the dwelling of your dream using all information you have got. You may use these phrases:
- •1. Read several interesting facts about houses. Transalte into Russian.
- •2. Translate into Russian:
- •3. Read and translate. State the suffixes:
- •1.2. Match the words with their definitions:
- •II. Reading
- •III. Comprehension checking
- •3.1. Answer the following questions:
- •3.2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •3.3. Complete the sentences. Use:
- •IV. Grammar in Focus
- •4.1. Translate the sentences with the Simple Passive. Give the negative and question forms:
- •4.2.*Put the sentences into the Passive:
- •4.3. Correct the mistakes using Present, Past or Future Simple Passive:
- •V. Speaking
- •5.1. Read the short dialogues and try to dramatize them:
- •2. Name in English:
- •Module Control 1
- •Variant 1
- •1. State the part of speech:
- •2. Choose the English equivalent for the pronoun in brackets:
- •3. Choose the appropriate verb:
- •4. Put the verb in the brackets into the Present, Past or Future Simple Active:
- •5. Correct mistakes using Present, Past or Future Simple Passive:
- •6. Make up questions to the following sentences:
- •Variant 2
- •2. Choose the English equivalent for the pronoun in brackets:
- •3. Choose the appropriate verb:
- •4. Put the verb in the brackets into the Present, Past or Future Simple Active:
- •5. Correct mistakes using Present, Past or Future Simple Passive:
- •6. Make up questions to the following sentences:
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the appropriate equivalent:
- •2. Complete the gaps with the words and phrases below:
- •3. Match the words with their definitions:
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Decide whether these statements are true or false :
- •1. Make up sentences paying attention to Simple and Continuous Tenses. Translate the sentences:
- •2. Complete the sentences with Simple or Continuous Active:
- •3. Сhange the Simple Tenses to the Continuous ones adding necessary adverbs or time attributives:
- •4. Make up the general and special questions to these sentences. Give the negative forms:
- •5. Put the verb in the brackets into the necessary tense form:
- •6. Put the verb to take part into the correct tense-form. Pay attention to the words given in the brackets:
- •7. Make up the degrees of comparison:
- •8. Match the columns:
- •V. Speaking Workshop
- •1. Complete the short dialogues:
- •2. Read and dramatize the dialogue:
- •3. Make up your own dialogues using the models from the tasks 4.1 and 4.2.
- •4. Comment on the following sayings.
- •5*. Work in groups. Discuss1 the studying at your University using all information you have got. Touch upon such issues:
- •1. Discussion is from the Latin word that means exchange of opinions.
- •2. Here you can see some discussion phrases. They may help you:
- •2. Do the tasks given to this text.
- •1. Make up sentences from these words:
- •2. Complete the sentences:
- •3. Translate into English. Determine the tenses and the voices of the verbs:
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the appropriate equivalent:
- •2. Match the words with their definitions:
- •2. Complete the sentences with the words and phrases below:
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Match the sentence halves:
- •3. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •1. Translate the sentences paying attention to the different forms of Passive. Make up negative and question forms if it is possible:
- •2. Make up all possible questions to these sentences. Give the negative form:
- •4.3. Write the Passive Progressive of these sentences. Use words now, from … till, the whole month/morning etc:
- •4. Change the active sentences to the passive ones:
- •1. Read the following quotes from different articles about the problems of the higher education in Russia. Formulate the main idea of each statement. Do you agree with these opinions?
- •2.* Work in groups. Study the advantages and disadvantages of the higher education in Russia given in the schedule below. Use the tips and phrases given in the Unit 4.
- •3. *Discuss these topics using all information you have got:
- •2. Do the tasks given to this text.
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the appropriate equivalent:
- •2. Match the words and phrases with their definitions:
- •3. Complete the gaps with the words and phrases below:
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not stated:
- •1. Give the correct translation of «it» .
- •2. Give the correct translation of «one»:
- •3. Give the correct translation of «that»:
- •Read the conversations and answer the questions below. Make up your own conversations using these models:
- •Taking Classes
- •2. Changing the Major
- •3. Match the words and phrases with their definitions:
- •2. Complete the gaps with the words and phrases below:
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •1. Choose the correct translation of «it» from the list below:
- •Choose the correct translation of «one» from the list below:
- •Choose the correct translation of «that (those)» from the list below:
- •V. Speaking Workshop
- •1. Read the conversations and answer the questions below. Make up your own conversations using these models.
- •The Student Service Center
- •Requirements for the Course
- •Module control 2
- •Variant 1
- •Choose the appropriate translation of «it» from the list below:
- •Choose the appropriate translation of «one» from the list below:
- •Choose the appropriate translation of «that (those)» from the list below:
- •Variant 2
- •1.Complete the gaps with the words below:
- •2. Fill in the gaps:
- •3. Choose the appropriate translation of «it» from the list below:
- •4. Choose the appropriate translation of «one» from the list below:
- •5. Choose the appropriate translation of «that (those)» from the list below:
- •Discuss the following with your partner:
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the appropriate equivalent:
- •2. Match the words with their definitions:
- •3. Complete the gaps with the words and phrases below:
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •1. Translate the sentences with Present, Past Perfect and Future Perfect Active. Give the negative and question forms:
- •2. Choose the necessary form of the verb (Present Perfect or Past Simple):
- •3. Correct the mistakes paying attention to the Perfect Tenses:
- •4. Put the verbs in brackets in the right forms of the Perfect Active:
- •1. Complete the following sentences and put them in order of importance:
- •I would be happy in a job where I could...
- •It is not important for me if I couldn’t …. In my future profession
- •3. Read and dramatize the dialogues with your partners. Make up your own dialogues on these models:
- •5.4*. Role-play the following situations:
- •1. Listen to the text Careers Search on http://www.Esl-lab.Com
- •2. Do the tasks given to this text.
- •1. Do you know? Translate the text into Russian:
- •2. Translate the following sentences into Russian:
- •3. Fill in the blanks with the words: career, job, work, profession, trade, vocation:
- •4. Say if these are professions or trades:
- •5. Which qualities best describe people who want to succeed in work or study?
- •Vocabulary
- •1. Find the appropriate equivalent:
- •2. Match the words and their definitions:
- •3. Complete the sentence with the words and phrases below:
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Say what is true and what is false. Correct the false statements:
- •1. Compare the translation of the sentences. Pay attention to the different forms of the Passive Voice:
- •Complete the sentence with correct option paying attention to Active and Passive Voice:
- •3. Analyze the use of modal verbs and their equivalents. Translate the following sentences:
- •4. Substitute the modal verbs for the possible equivalents:
- •5. Insert the necessary modal verb or its equivalent:
- •1. Answer the following questions:
- •2. Speak about Karl Benz using his profile:
- •2. Change the active sentences to the passive ones:
- •3. Give the negative and question form of the following sentences:
- •4. Insert the modal verbs may or can:
- •3. Match the words and their definitions:
- •Complete the sentences with the words and phrases below:
- •1. Answer the questions:
- •2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •3. Make up a sentence of two parts:
- •1. Compare the translation of the sentences. Pay attention to the different forms of the Passive Voice:
- •2.Choose the right option paying attention to Active and Passive Voice:
- •3. Analyze the use of modal verbs and their equivalents. Translate the following sentences:
- •4. Substitute the modal verbs for the possible equivalents:
- •5. Insert the necessary modal verb or its equivalent:
- •2. Change the active sentences to the passive ones:
- •3. Give the negative and question form of the following sentences:
- •4. Insert the modal verbs may or can:
- •Module control 3
- •Variant 1
- •1. Find the odd word:
- •2. Correct mistakes paying attention to the Present Perfect and Past Simple Tenses:
- •3. Choose the right variant paying attention to the Active Voice:
- •5. Choose the necessary modal verb or its equivalent:
- •6. Choose the right verb:
- •Variant 2
- •1. Find the odd word:
- •2. Correct mistakes paying attention to the Present Perfect and Past Simple Tenses:
- •3. Choose the right variant paying attention to the Active Voice:
- •4. Choose the right variant paying attention to the Active and Passive Voice:
- •5. Choose the necessary modal verb or its equivalent:
- •6. Choose the right verb:
- •I. I. Warm-up activities
- •1.1.Read the words properly and state the part of speech:
- •1.2. Remind some proper and geographical names. Translate them:
- •1.3. Match the columns:
- •1.4. Match the words with their definitions:
- •II. Reading
- •III. Comprehension check
- •3.1. Answer the questions:
- •3.2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •3.3. Choose the right variant (use the information taken from the texts 1 and 2):
- •3.4. Arrange the sentences according to the order in the text English as a World Language, Part II:
- •3.5. Make up adjectives:
- •IV. Grammar in Focus
- •4.1. Translate the following sentences paying attention to the verbs
- •4.2. Translate the following word combinations in different forms of Participle:
- •4.3. Make up sentences matching the suggested parts. Pay attention to the participles:
- •4.4. Put the word in brackets into the appropriate form of participle. State the function of the participle:
- •4.5. Complete the sentences:
- •V. Speaking
- •5.1*. Read and translate the following statements and jokes about English. Whose opinion do you appreciate best? Why?
- •5.3. Topics to discuss
- •Most widely spoken language by number of native speakers
- •I. Warm-up activities
- •1.1. Read the following words properly:
- •1.2. Pronounce the words properly and state the part of speech:
- •1.3. Translate the words and words combinations given in the text in bold.
- •1.4. Match the words with their definitions:
- •II. Reading
- •III. Comprehension check
- •3.1. Answer the following questions:
- •3.2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •II. Reading
- •III. Comprehension check
- •3.1. Answer the following questions:
- •3.2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •IV. Grammar in Focus
- •4.1. Choose the appropriate form of the Participles:
- •4.2. Translate the sentences paying attention to the different forms of Participles. State its function:
- •4.3. Translate into Russian paying attention to the Participle Constructions:
- •V. Speaking
- •5.1. Read and dramatize the dialogues with your partners. Make up your own dialogues on these models:
- •5.2*. Role-play the following situation:
- •2. State the functions of the words with -ed and translate the sentences:
- •3. Translate the dialogue. Make up questions to the dialogue:
- •II. Reading
- •III. Comprehension check
- •3.1. Answer the following questions:
- •3.2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available::
- •IV. Grammar in Focus
- •4.1. Open the brackets using the appropriate form of the Participle:
- •4.2. Read and translate the sentences paying attention to the Participles Constructions:
- •V. Speaking
- •5.1. Read a well-known English idiom and say:
- •5.2. Read and dramatize the dialogues with your partner. Make up your own dialogues on these models:
- •5.3. Name three places in English speaking countries you would like to live in and say three reasons that make you want to live there.
- •5.4*. Role-play the following situation:
- •2*. Translate into English:
- •3. Write all forms of Participle of the following words and choose suitable nouns:
- •Module control 4
- •Variant 1
- •State the function of the verb «be»:
- •2. State the function of the verb «have»:
- •3. Choose the appropriate form of Participle:
- •4. Choose the appropriate translation of the words in italics:
- •State the function of the Participle:
- •Find 3 sentences with the absolute participial construction and translate them into Russian:
- •Module control 4
- •Variant 2
- •State the function of the verb «be»:
- •2. State the function of the verb «have»:
- •3. Choose the appropriate form of Participle:
- •4. Choose the appropriate translation of the words in italics:
- •5. State the function of the Participle:
- •6. Find 2 sentences with the absolute participial construction and translate them into Russian:
- •I. Warm-up activities
- •1.1. Read the words properly and state the part of speech:
- •1.2. Find the Russian equivalents for the following:
- •1.3. Match the words with their definitions:
- •II. Reading
- •III. Comprehension check
- •3.1. Answer the questions:
- •3.2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •3.3. Arrange the sentences according to the order in the text:
- •3.4. Make up your own sentences (not taken from the text) with the following word-combinations. Pay attention to the usage of the Infinitive:
- •IV. Grammar in Focus
- •4.1. Put «to» if necessary. Translate the sentences:
- •4.2. Choose the appropriate form of the Infinitive.
- •4.3. State the function of the Infinitive:
- •4.4. Translate the sentences with the Complex Object and Complex Subject into Russian:
- •4.5. Transform these sentences using the Complex Subject with the verb in the appropriate form. Translate them:
- •4.6. Complete the sentences using the Complex Object:
- •4.7. Complete the sentences using the Complex Subject:
- •V. Speaking
- •5.2. A message board on a weather website asked its readers to say their views on global warming and climate change. Here is selection of their messages. Read and dramatize them.
- •5.3. Read the following quotes of different people about the environmental problems. What is their position towards this problem? What opinion do you agree with?
- •Environmental Protection in Great Britain
- •Vocabulary
- •2. Read the text and translate it into Russian. Make up different types of questions to the text. Protection of Environment in the usa
- •Module control 5
- •Variant 1
- •1. Put «to» if necessary
- •2. Choose the appropriate form of the Infinitive:
- •3. Choose the English equivalent:
- •4. Find the sentences with Complex Object (5) and translate them into Russian:
- •5. Choose the right translation of the Infinitive:
- •6. State the function of the Infinitive:
- •Variant 2
- •1. Put «to» if necessary:
- •2. Choose the appropriate form of the Infinitive:
- •3. Choose the English equivalent:
- •4. Find the sentences with Complex Object (5) and translate them into Russian:
- •5. Choose the right translation of the Infinitive:
- •6. State the function of the Infinitive:
- •Module 6 «social-cultural field of communication, part 2» unit 12. Positive and negative aspects of globalization
- •I. Warm-up activities
- •1.1. Read the words properly and state the part of speech:
- •1.2. Match the columns:
- •Match the words with their definitions:
- •II. Reading
- •III. Comprehension check
- •3.1. Answer the questions:
- •3.2. Match the parts of the sentences:
- •3.3. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •IV. Grammar in Focus
- •4.1. Translate the sentences, state the form and function of the Gerund:
- •4.2. State the part of speech of the word in italics а) participle, b) gerund, с) noun
- •4.3. Choose the appropriate form of the Gerund:
- •4.4. Complete the sentences using the Indefinite Gerund:
- •4.5. Complete the sentences using the Perfect Gerund:
- •4.6. Choose the right preposition:
- •4.7. Translate the sentences paying attention to the forms of the Gerundial Constructions
- •V. Speaking
- •5.1. Read the following quotes of different people about globalization. What is their position towards the globalization (pro, contra, indifferent, anxious)? What opinion do you agree with?
- •5.3*. Imagine you are the participant of the international forum devoted to the problems people face in the global world. There are the topics to be discussed.
- •Module control 6
- •Variant 1
- •State the part of speech of the word in italics а) participle b) gerund с) noun
- •2. Choose the appropriate form of the Gerund:
- •3. Fill in the gaps:
- •4. Choose the right translation of the Gerund:
- •5. State the function of the Gerund in the sentence:
- •6. Find 2 sentences with the Gerundial Construction and translate them into Russian:
- •Variant 2
- •1. State the part of speech of the word in italics а) participle b) gerund с) noun:
- •2. Choose the appropriate form of the Gerund:
- •3. Fill in the gaps:
- •4. Choose the right translation of the Gerund:
- •5. State the function of the Gerund in the sentence:
- •6. Find 2 sentences with the Gerundial Construction and translate them into Russian:
- •Module 7 «scientific field of communication, part 1»
- •I. Warm-up activities
- •1.1. Make sure you know the words given in the text in italics.
- •1.2. Read and translate the names of the international organizations properly:
- •II. Reading
- •2.1. Fill in the schedule:
- •2.2. Answer the following questions:
- •Read and translate: Top 10 of Intergovernmental and Nongovernmental Organizations
- •1.4. Match the words with their definitions:
- •Secretariat
- •III. Comprehension check
- •3.1. Answer the questions:
- •3.2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •3.3. Match one of the six principal organs of uno with its fun-ction:
- •IV. Grammar in Focus
- •4.1. State the principal and secondary parts of the following simple sentences:
- •4.2. Make up a composite sentence from two simple ones using the words in brackets. State the type of the sentence:
- •4.3. Translate the sentences with the Subject Clauses:
- •4.4. Translate the sentences with the Predicative Clauses:
- •1.3. Match the words with their definitions:
- •II. Reading
- •III. After you have read
- •3.1. Answer the questions:
- •3.2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •3.3. Make up sentences from these words:
- •3.4. Find the synonyms:
- •IV. Grammar in Focus:
- •4.1 Translate the sentences with the Object Clauses:
- •4.2. Translate the sentences with the Attribute Clause:
- •V. Speaking
- •2. Translate the sentences paying attention to the verbs to have, to be:
- •I. Warm-up activities
- •1.1. Read the words properly and state the part of speech:
- •1.2. Match the columns:
- •1.3. Match the words with their definitions:
- •II. Reading
- •III. Comprehension check
- •3.1. Answer the questions:
- •3.2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •I. Warm-up activities
- •1.1. Pronounce the words properly:
- •1.2. Match the columns:
- •1.3. Match the words with their definitions:
- •II. Reading
- •III. Comprehension check
- •3.1. Answer the following questions:
- •3.2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •IV. Grammar in Focus
- •4.1. Translate the sentences into the Russian. State the type of the Clauses:
- •4.2. Read and analyze the sentences with the Object Clause:
- •4.3.* Translate the sentences with the Attribute Clause. Fill in the suitable connecting words:
- •2. Translate the time prepositions in brackets:
- •3. Change the active sentences to the passive ones:
- •4. Translate the sentences with the Absolute Participle Construction from English into Russian:
- •5.Translate the Text Research Institute of Robotics
- •Module control 7
- •Variant 1
- •1. State the composite sentences:
- •Variant 2
- •2. State the type of Clauses:
- •3. Translate the sentences № 2, 3, 5, 7, 8,10 from task 1:
- •4. Fill in the gaps using the appropriate words for the Object Clauses:
- •5. Choose the appropriate word given in italics:
- •6. State the unnecessary word in the sentence:
- •I. Warm-up activities
- •1.1. Pronounce the following words properly and state the part of speech:
- •Find the Russian equivalents
- •1.3.Match the words with their definitions:
- •II. Reading
- •III. Comprehension check
- •3.1. Answer the following questions:
- •3.2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •IV. Grammar in Focus
- •4.1. Translate the sentences with the Adverbial Clause and state the its types:
- •4.2. Fill in the suitable connecting words:
- •4.3. Choose the suitable connecting word from the given in brackets:
- •V. Speaking
- •5.1. Translate the following quotes of Marshall McLuhan about it. Comment them. What quotes do you agree with and why?
- •1.3.Match the words with their definitions:
- •II. Reading
- •III. Comprehension Check:
- •3.1. Answer the following questions:
- •3.2. Decide whether these statements are true, false or information is not available:
- •IV. Grammar in Focus
- •4.1. Read and translate the sentences with the Abverbial Clause. State the types of the sentences with the Abverbial Clause:
- •4.2. Read, translate and analyze the sentences with the Clause paying attention to the word that:
- •4.3. Match the two parts of the sentences:
- •2. Put the sentences into the interrogative and negative forms:
- •4. Translate the sentences paying attention to the complex forms of the Gerund and the Gerundial Constructions:
- •Module control 8
- •Variant 1
- •1. State the types of the sentences with the Abverbial Clause:
- •2. Translate № 1, 3, 4, 5, 7 from Task 1:
- •3. Fill in the gaps using words of Adverbial Clauses
- •4. Open the brackets using Conditionals 1, 2, 3:
- •5. Find the odd word:
- •Variant 2
- •State the type of the Abverbial Clause:
- •2. Translate № 2, 3, 5 , 6 ,8 , 9 from Task 1:
- •3. Fill in the gaps using words of Adverbial Clauses:
- •4. Open the brackets using Conditionals 1, 2, 3:
- •5. Find the odd word:
- •Литература
- •Presentation Evaluation
- •Appendix 2 Supplementary reading
- •To be read after Unit 3
- •To be read after Unit 6
- •To be read after Units 7 – 8
- •To be read after Unit 9 The Importance of Learning Foreign Languages
- •1. Артикль (the article)
- •1.1 Неопределенный артикль (The Indefinite Article)
- •1.2 Определенный артикль (The Definite Article)
- •2. Глагол (the verb)
- •2.2 Глагол to have (the verb to have)
- •2.5 Времена неопределенной группы (the indefinite tenses)
- •Английский язык для бакалавров
- •302030, Г. Орел, ул. Московская, 65.
- •Английский язык для бакалавров
2.2 Глагол to have (the verb to have)
Глагол to have переводится на русский язык как иметь, обладать и относится к группе неправильных глаголов (have - had - had).
Глагол to have может употребляться наравне с выражением to have got, которое имеет тоже лексическое значение, но является разговорной формой.
Спряжение глагола to have
Present |
Past |
Future |
I have |
I had |
I will have |
you have |
you had |
you will have |
he, she, it has |
he, she, it had |
he, she, it will have |
we have |
we had |
we will have |
you have |
you had |
you will have |
they have |
they had |
they will have |
Вопросительная форма глагола to have образуется с помощью вспомогательных глаголов соответствующих временных форм :
Do you have any trainings today? - Yes, I do. (No, I don’t.)
Did you have any tests yesterday? - Yes, I did. (No, I didn’t.)
Have you a passport with you? - Yes, I have. ( No, I haven't)
Отрицательная форма образуется с помощью отрицательной частицы nоt/no, которая ставится сразу же после глагола to have:
1 have no classes today.
I had no (not any) classes yesterday.
Вопросительная и отрицательная формы выражения to have got образуется по правилам завершенной группы времен ( Perfect)
Have you got any classes today? - Yes, I have. (No, I haven’t.)
I haven’t got classes today.
Функции глагола to have
1. Смысловой глагол (переводится иметь, есть, обладать)
Our university has a well-equipped laboratories.
В нашем университете есть хорошо оборудованные лаборатории.
2. Эквивалент модального глагола must (переводится должен, приходиться что-либо сделать):
You have to consult a doctor.
Ты придется проконсультироваться у врача.
3. Вспомогательный глагол для образования времен группы Perfect Active/Passive (не переводится):
I have read this book recently.
Я недавно прочитала эту книгу.
The new computers have been just installed in our classroom.
Новые компьютеры только что были установлены в нашей аудитории.
2.3. ОБОРОТ there + be (THE CONSTRUCTION there + be)
Оборот there + be переводится быть, находиться, существовать. Употребляется для выражения наличия (или отсутствия) в определенном месте еще неизвестного лица или предмета. Данный оборот стоит в начале предложения, за ним следует подлежащее, выраженное существительным.
Если в предложении с оборотом there + be имеется обстоятельство места, то перевод начинается с этого обстоятельства:
There is a magazine on the desk.
На письменном столе лежит журнал.
При отсутствии обстоятельства места перевод предложения начинается с самого оборота:
There are various types of engines.
Имеются различные типы двигателей.
Вопросительная форма образуется с помощью соответствующей формы глагола to be, которая ставится перед there:
Are there many kinds of machine-tools? - Yes, there are. (No, there aren’t.)
Существуют много типов станков?
Отрицательная форма образуется с помощью отрицательной частицы not, которая ставится сразу же после глагола to be:
There isn’t much food in the fridge.
В холодильнике немного еды.
2.4. ИЗЪЯВИТЕЛЬНОЕ НАКЛОНЕНИЕ (THE INDICATIVE MOOD)
Изъявительное наклонение предполагает факт выполнения действия. В отличие от русского языка в английском языке существует расширенная система передачи факта совершения действия в различных временах как в активном, так и в пассивном залогах.
АКТИВНЫЙ ЗАЛОГ (THE ACTIVE VOICE)
Активный залог показывает, что лицо (или предмет), являющееся подлежащим, само производит действие, выраженное различными временными формами.
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