- •Ростов-на-Дону 2016
- •Оглавление / Contence
- •1. Основные части речи/ principal parts of speech
- •1.1. Существительное/Noun
- •The Lexico -Grammatical classification of Nouns
- •Exercises: the noun. Number
- •Exercises: the noun. Category of case
- •1.2. Артикль/Article
- •Articles with countable nouns
- •Geographical use of the
- •Articles with uncountable nouns
- •I. Articles with names of substances
- •II. Articles with abstract nouns
- •The indefinite article is used
- •The definite article is used
- •Exercises: the article
- •1.3. Прилагательное / Adjective
- •Irregular comparisons:
- •Exercises: adjective
- •1.4. Местоимение / Pronoun
- •Personal Pronouns
- •Reflexive Pronoun
- •Examples
- •Relative Pronouns
- •Demonstrative Pronouns
- •Indefinite Pronouns
- •Exercises: pronouns
- •The Personal Pronouns
- •Tнe Possessive Pronouns
- •The Reflexive Pronouns
- •Demonstrative Pronouns
- •Indefinite Pronouns
- •1.5. Числительное / Numeral
- •Singular and plural with fractions and decimals
- •4. Telephone Numbers.
- •5. Mathematical Symbols.
- •X (‘the multiplication sign’)
- •7.The time. Telling the time in everyday speech.
- •1.6. Наречие / Adverb
- •2. Глагол /verb
- •2.1. Морфологическая структура глагола. Основные формы глагола /Morphological structure. Basic forms
- •2.2. Система видовременных форм глагола в активном залоге / Active voice tenses
- •Indefinite form
- •Present indefinite
- •The use of the Present Indefinite.
- •Exercises: the present simple tense
- •Past indefinite
- •Exercises: the past simple tense
- •Future indefinite
- •Exercises: the future simple tense
- •Future action
- •Continuous tense
- •Present continuous
- •Exercises: the continuous tense
- •Past continuous
- •Future continuous
- •Exercises: future continuous
- •Perfect tense
- •Present perfect
- •Exercises: the present perfect
- •Past perfect
- •Exercises: past perfect
- •Future perfect
- •Exercises: future perfect
- •Present perfect continuous
- •Past perfect continuous
- •Future perfect continuous
- •Exercises: the perfect continuous
- •Creative Tasks
- •Revision: active voice tenses
- •2.3. Пассивный залог / Passive voice tenses Passive voice
- •Exercises: the passive voice
- •Sequence of tenses
- •Exercises
- •Reported (indirect) speech
- •Reporting questions
- •Reporting orders and requests
- •Exercises
- •Indirect statements
- •Indirect Questions
- •Indirect Commands and Requests
- •2.4. Модальные глаголы / Modal verbs modal verbs
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Have to
- •It is used to express:
- •Exercises
- •It is used to express:
- •Exercises
- •Ought to
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •It is used to express:
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •English Modal Verbs – Most Common Situations Table
- •Exercises: modal verbs
- •Direct moods
- •I. The Indicative Mood
- •II. The Imperative Mood
- •Oblique moods
- •The Forms of the Infinitive
- •I. The Subjunctive Mood
- •II. The Suppositional Mood
- •III. The Conditional Mood.
- •In complex sentences:
- •Forms of Subjunctive Mood
- •Types of Conditional Mood
- •Types of Conditional sentences (Complex Sentences with Subordinate Clauses of Condition)
- •Exercises: conditional mood
- •4. Неличные формы глагола/
- •4.1. Инфинитив / Infinitive the infinitive
- •The use of the Infinitive without the Particle to (Bare Infinitive)
- •Verbs followed by Infinitive only
- •The expressions followed by infinitive
- •Exercises
- •The objective with the infinitive construction
- •The subjective infinitive construction
- •Exercises
- •4.2. Герундий / Gerund the gerund
- •The forms of the Gerund
- •The verbs followed by gerund only
- •The expressions followed by gerund
- •Gerund or infinitive The verbs followed by infinitives and gerunds.
- •I'm sorry
- •Exercises
- •4.3. Причастие / Participle
- •Participle I
- •Participle II
- •Syntactic functions of participle I
- •Of time
- •Of cause
- •Of manner and attendant circumstances
- •Of comparison
- •Syntactic functions of participle II
- •Exercises
- •Predicative constructions with the participle
- •The Objective Participial Construction
- •The Subjective Participial Construction
- •The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •Of time
- •Of cause
- •Of attendant circumstances
- •The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •Absolute constructions without participles
- •Exercises
- •Revision of non-finite forms
- •List of irregular verbs
The definite article is used
When the abstract idea refers to a definite situation or object: He didn’t like the rudeness with which Jane treated him.
With substantivized adjectives (the unusual, the beautiful, the supernatural, the unknown): You shouldn’t think of the unbearable.
With the nouns the present, the past, the future, the singular, the plural: During the honeymoon they were planning the future.
But: in future means «впредь»: Please be more careful in future.
The Use of the Indefinite Article with nouns in Set Expressions
a lot of a great (a good) deal of a great number of a few a little all of a sudden as a result as a matter of fact as busy as a bee as wet as a fish as hungry as a wolf for a short (long) time in a loud (low) voice it is a pity it is a pleasure to be in a hurry to be at a loss at a glance to have a good time to have a mind to have a headache to have a cold to go for a walk to take a seat it is a shame to get in a fury to tell a lie |
много много много несколько немного внезапно в результате фактически трудолюбивый как пчела мокрый как рыба голодный как волк в течение долгого (короткого) времени громким (тихим) голосом жаль приятно спешить растеряться с одного взгляда хорошо проводить время намереваться испытывать головную боль простудиться ходить на прогулку сесть стыдно прийти в ярость говорить неправду |
The Use of the definite Article with nouns in Set Expressions
in the morning in the afternoon in the evening in the original in the country it is out of the question on the right (left) on the one (other) hand on the whole the day before yesterday the day after tomorrow the other day to tell the truth to pass the time to go to the cinema (theatre) to take the trouble to do smth. to play the piano (the violin, the guitar) to keep the house to be on the safe side what is the time? |
утром днем вечером в оригинале за городом об этом не может быть и речи направо (налево) с одной (другой) стороны в целом позавчера послезавтра на днях говорить правду провести время ходить в кино (театр) потрудиться сделать что-либо играть на пианино (скрипке, гитаре) вести хозяйство на всякий случай который час? |
Nouns in Set Expressions Used without an Article
at night at home at school (college, university) at work at hand at dawn at sunset at first sight at war at peace at last at once at present by bus (tram, train, boat, plane) by air (sea, land) by post |
ночью дома в школе (колледже, университете) на работе под рукой на рассвете на закате с первого взгляда в состоянии войны в состоянии мира наконец-то сразу в настоящее время автобусом (трамваем, поездом, лодкой, самолетом) по воздуху (по морю, по земле) по почте |
by air mail by heart by chance by accident by mistake by name day after day (day by day) day and night from morning to (till) night from beginning to end from time to time in advance in (on) time in debt in fact in conclusion in private in future in trouble on board a ship on deck on sale on credit on foot on (one’s) mind on terms out of sight, out of mind side by side |
авиапочтой наизусть случайно случайно по ошибке по имени день за днем днем и ночью с утра до вечера от начала до конца время от времени, иногда заранее вовремя в долгу фактически в заключение наедине, конфиденциально в будущем в беде на борту корабля на палубе в продаже в кредит пешком на уме на условиях с глаз долой, из сердца вон бок о бок |