- •Ростов-на-Дону 2016
- •Оглавление / Contence
- •1. Основные части речи/ principal parts of speech
- •1.1. Существительное/Noun
- •The Lexico -Grammatical classification of Nouns
- •Exercises: the noun. Number
- •Exercises: the noun. Category of case
- •1.2. Артикль/Article
- •Articles with countable nouns
- •Geographical use of the
- •Articles with uncountable nouns
- •I. Articles with names of substances
- •II. Articles with abstract nouns
- •The indefinite article is used
- •The definite article is used
- •Exercises: the article
- •1.3. Прилагательное / Adjective
- •Irregular comparisons:
- •Exercises: adjective
- •1.4. Местоимение / Pronoun
- •Personal Pronouns
- •Reflexive Pronoun
- •Examples
- •Relative Pronouns
- •Demonstrative Pronouns
- •Indefinite Pronouns
- •Exercises: pronouns
- •The Personal Pronouns
- •Tнe Possessive Pronouns
- •The Reflexive Pronouns
- •Demonstrative Pronouns
- •Indefinite Pronouns
- •1.5. Числительное / Numeral
- •Singular and plural with fractions and decimals
- •4. Telephone Numbers.
- •5. Mathematical Symbols.
- •X (‘the multiplication sign’)
- •7.The time. Telling the time in everyday speech.
- •1.6. Наречие / Adverb
- •2. Глагол /verb
- •2.1. Морфологическая структура глагола. Основные формы глагола /Morphological structure. Basic forms
- •2.2. Система видовременных форм глагола в активном залоге / Active voice tenses
- •Indefinite form
- •Present indefinite
- •The use of the Present Indefinite.
- •Exercises: the present simple tense
- •Past indefinite
- •Exercises: the past simple tense
- •Future indefinite
- •Exercises: the future simple tense
- •Future action
- •Continuous tense
- •Present continuous
- •Exercises: the continuous tense
- •Past continuous
- •Future continuous
- •Exercises: future continuous
- •Perfect tense
- •Present perfect
- •Exercises: the present perfect
- •Past perfect
- •Exercises: past perfect
- •Future perfect
- •Exercises: future perfect
- •Present perfect continuous
- •Past perfect continuous
- •Future perfect continuous
- •Exercises: the perfect continuous
- •Creative Tasks
- •Revision: active voice tenses
- •2.3. Пассивный залог / Passive voice tenses Passive voice
- •Exercises: the passive voice
- •Sequence of tenses
- •Exercises
- •Reported (indirect) speech
- •Reporting questions
- •Reporting orders and requests
- •Exercises
- •Indirect statements
- •Indirect Questions
- •Indirect Commands and Requests
- •2.4. Модальные глаголы / Modal verbs modal verbs
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Have to
- •It is used to express:
- •Exercises
- •It is used to express:
- •Exercises
- •Ought to
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •It is used to express:
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •Exercises
- •English Modal Verbs – Most Common Situations Table
- •Exercises: modal verbs
- •Direct moods
- •I. The Indicative Mood
- •II. The Imperative Mood
- •Oblique moods
- •The Forms of the Infinitive
- •I. The Subjunctive Mood
- •II. The Suppositional Mood
- •III. The Conditional Mood.
- •In complex sentences:
- •Forms of Subjunctive Mood
- •Types of Conditional Mood
- •Types of Conditional sentences (Complex Sentences with Subordinate Clauses of Condition)
- •Exercises: conditional mood
- •4. Неличные формы глагола/
- •4.1. Инфинитив / Infinitive the infinitive
- •The use of the Infinitive without the Particle to (Bare Infinitive)
- •Verbs followed by Infinitive only
- •The expressions followed by infinitive
- •Exercises
- •The objective with the infinitive construction
- •The subjective infinitive construction
- •Exercises
- •4.2. Герундий / Gerund the gerund
- •The forms of the Gerund
- •The verbs followed by gerund only
- •The expressions followed by gerund
- •Gerund or infinitive The verbs followed by infinitives and gerunds.
- •I'm sorry
- •Exercises
- •4.3. Причастие / Participle
- •Participle I
- •Participle II
- •Syntactic functions of participle I
- •Of time
- •Of cause
- •Of manner and attendant circumstances
- •Of comparison
- •Syntactic functions of participle II
- •Exercises
- •Predicative constructions with the participle
- •The Objective Participial Construction
- •The Subjective Participial Construction
- •The Nominative Absolute Participial Construction
- •Of time
- •Of cause
- •Of attendant circumstances
- •The Prepositional Absolute Participial Construction
- •Absolute constructions without participles
- •Exercises
- •Revision of non-finite forms
- •List of irregular verbs
Future indefinite
The Future Indefinite Tense is formed by means of the auxiliary verb will + infinitive of the notional verb without to.
He will help her. They will study better.
The Future Indefinite Tense is used:
1) to denote a pure future action (which is inevitable and out of anybody‘s control). Reference to the future is indicated by the adverbials of future time tomorrow, in a week, next year, etc. e.g. It will snow a lot in winter. She‘ll be 30 next Friday.
2) to denote decisions taken at the moment of speaking (an action which is not part of a plan). = a spontaneous decision. e.g. It is cold in here. I‘ll turn on the heating.
3) to denote actions or predictions (hopes, fears, threats, offers, promises, warnings, requests, comments, etc.) which may or may not happen in the future. = a probable future action. e.g. I think they will easily win the match. I‘m sure you‘ll enjoy your visit to the Zoo.
4) to denote things we are not yet sure about or we haven‘t decided yet. e.g. Maybe I‘ll buy a car.
5) in object clauses to denote future actions. e.g. She is anxious to know if they will manage to enter the hall before the performance begins.
6) to denote refusals, resistance, reluctance to do smth (with will in the negative form) and typical behaviour (in the affirmative sentences with will for all persons). e.g. The door won’t open. She‘ll sit for hours.
Note: Shall is used with I/we in questions for an instruction, recommendation, advice or to offer help. e.g. Shall we do it right now? Shall I send him a fax? Shall I help you? Shall we play tennis? but : Will you be quiet, please? Will you get me a paper?
The Future Indefinite Tense is not used: in adverbial clauses of time and condition introduced by when, till, until, as soon as, as long as, before, if, unless:
I shall go for a walk if the weather is fine.
We shall phone him as soon as he arrives in Moscow.
The construction There is is used in the Future Indefinite in the following way:
There will be a holiday party tomorrow.
There will not be any holiday party tomorrow.
There will be no holiday party tomorrow.
Will there be a holiday party tomorrow?
The construction to be going to is often used to express an intended future action:
I am going to take part in the concert on Sunday.
Exercises: the future simple tense
Eх. 1. Open the brackets to render future.
1.1 (to be) fourteen next year. 2. He (to come) to visit us on Tuesday. 3. You (to miss) your exam if you don't study hard. 4. John (to come) to our party tomorrow. 5. We (to be) back in several days. 6. My cousins (to buy) this picture on the exhibition on Sunday. 7. I (to go) to London the day after tomorrow. 8. You (to feel) better after this medicine. 9. Mother (to bake) the cake as soon as she is back from the shop. 10. She (to meet) him at the meeting next week.
Ex. 2. Put questions to the words in italic.
1. My mother will punish me for this. 2. You will recognize him at once. 3. Michel will book the tickets beforehand.4. I will get up tomorrow at 6 a.m. 5. They won't answer your questions. 6. There will be some of his new paintings on sale. 7 We won't be able to finish it before Monday. 8.You will learn about the time of her arrival later. 9. The plain will land on time. 10. This evening will be the best in your life. 11. Gill won't pass her examination. 12. You will find much Interesting in this lecture.
Ex. 3. Open the brackets and put the verb in the required tense.
Dreaming about future is a great pleasure and a kind of spending my free hours for me. I believe that our life (change) greatly and I hope not to worse. There (lie) no wars and diseases in the 21st century. People (become) healthier, stronger and more kind-hearted. They (care) each other more than themselves and (stop) polluting environment. Their looks (stay) the same, but the souls (be) more noble mid pure. People (get) also cleverer and (make) many great discoveries, which (turn) our life to the absolutely new way.
Besides we (face) great changes in technics and science. Supersonic planes (cut) the skу above our heads, super-powerful spaceships (fly) to the new planets and probably we (find) there human-like creatures and (start) relations with them. New technologies (help) our doctors to find medicine against all possible diseases and people (cease) suffering.
The climate (become) warmer and our planet (sink) in trees in blossom and flowers with beautiful fine scent. New types of birds and animals (appear).
I (change) too. I (grow) older and I hope wiser. I think I (feel) happy in my old years because I (can) see all these changes with my own eyes and probably to participate in some of them. But I'm absolutely sure that one thing (remain) the line for ever- love. My grandchildren (fall in love) as I did when I was young. They (have) all these magic feelings in their hearts, but I hope they (be) more talented than me and (turn) them into beautiful sonnets....
Ex. 4. Turn the text into the Future Simple tense;
One day Brother Fox invited some of the other creatures to us house. He asked Brother Bear, Brother Wolf and Bother Raccoon to come. But he didn't ask me, Brother Rabbit All the same, I learnt about this dinner-party and got offended. 1 decided to play a trick on Brother Fox and his guests. The creatures who received his invitation gathered at his house, sat down at the table and started eating, laughing and talking. By-and by Brother Fox took out a bottle of wine and opened it.
And what do you think I was doing at that time, while they were entertaining themselves? I was preparing my tricks. I took my old drum with two sticks and marched to their house Then I started drumming so loudly that they could not hear anything. Poor creatures begged me to stop, but I didn't. I threatened to do it until they gave up and let me in. I made them sit me down at the table and treat with their tasty strawberry cake. Then I helped myself with a glass of wine and felt revenged at last, but I still kept my drum near-by in case they might ask me out. Don't you think, it was one of the most brilliant ideas that had ever came across my tricky mind? (Negro folk tales)
Ex. 5. You are a fortune teller.
A young and pretty girl comes to you to learn her future. Tell her the story using the following prompts to be op holidays, to visit a faraway country, to have s very good time, to enjoy exotic food and traditions, to miss home, to meet a very handsome young man, to fall in love, to become rich, to have many children, to make a career, to live long and happily.