Revision Exercises

Exercise 14

Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. The first (0) is given as an example.

Although recently there has been a small...reduction...........(0) in the REDUCE

number of people out of work in Europe,................(1) EMPLOY

is still the number one................(2) problem facing the fifteen member SOCIETY

states of the European Union. Moreover,................(3) of opportunity EQUAL

between men and women is still an issue that................(4) in many countries POLITICAL

have not come to grips with. In................(5) such as the law and PROFESS

engineering women are still noticeable by their absence.................(6) EMPLOY

still discriminate against female................(7) in a number of ways EMPLOY

even if their................(8) are the same as those of men. QUALIFY

It would be a pity if the................(9) of the EU on an economic ACHIEVE

level were marred by................(10) in the vital area of social policy. FAIL

Exercise 15 *

C omplete the gaps in the text with a noun formed from the word given in the margin. The first one has been done as an example.

Important social changes are taking place in the areas of (0) ...marriage., and the 0 MARRY

family. There is a global (1)......................going on in how we think of ourselves 1 REVOLVE

and how we form ties and (2)......................with others. . 2 CONNECT

What most people call the traditional family was in fact a transitional phase

in family (3) 3 DEVELOP

.................in the 1950s. By then the idea that romantic love was the best (4) 4 FOUND

....:.................for marriage had replaced the concept of marriage as an economic

contract. The family has since changed further.

In the traditional family the married couple was only one part of the family system.

Ties with children and other relatives were equally important in day-to-day (5) 5 EXIST

.......................Today the couple is at the core of what the family is. While statistically

marriage is still the norm, for most people its (6)......................has completely changed. 6 SIGNIFY

Although marriage promotes the (7)......................of a relationship by making a public 7 STABLE

declaration of (8).......................it is now the quality of the couple's relationship which 8COMMIT

is considered the most important element.

A couple has its own exclusive history. It is a unit based upon emotional

communication or (9)......................Communication is both the means of establishing 9 INTIMATE

the tie in the first place and the basis for ensuring continuing (10)......................in the 10 HAPPY

Exercise 16

Complete the gaps in the text with a word formed from the word given in the margin. All the words you need to write are nouns. The first one has been done as an example.

Until the end of the eighteenth century, most artists worked on the basis of

carrying out specific commissions for churches, royal courts or wealthy

private (0) ...collectors..., And thus enjoyed a measure of financial security. 0 COLLECT

This form of (1)...................declined in the following century, however, and 1 PATRON

painters and (2)...................were increasingly obliged to try to sell their works 2 SCULPT

on the open market, with their main outlet being large official exhibitions in

which their work was displayed along with that of their (3)....................This 3 COMPETE

made life hard for many artists, especially for (4)...................whose style did 4 NNOVATE

not coincide with public taste.

Since the second half of the nineteenth century the rise of small commercial

galleries under private (5).............has given artists better opportunities to display 5 OWN

their work, but nevertheless many artists still go through periods of considerable

financial (6)............. 6 HARD

Recently company (7)....................,especially in the form of prizes, has 7 SPONSOR

begun to partially fill the gap left by the demise of private patrons.

For example, the high-street bank NatWest offers an annual art prize worth

a total of $36,000 -including 11 awards of $1,000 to all (8).................... 8 FINAL

However, unlike (9)....................for literature prizes such as the Booker, 9 NOMINATE

who usually enjoy increased sales as a spin of from appearing on the shortlist,

artists do not necessarily benefit from the media (10)...................generated by 10 COVER

winning a prize. One recent, winner of the controversial Turner Prize found that

galleries did not offer her subsequent exhibitions, as she had hoped, because

they felt she was "too obvious a candidate for invitation'.