5. Comment on the meanings of the tense verbal forms. Name the cases with oppositional reduction

1) Light travels more quickly than sound. 2) I never see him doing any work, whenever I go in. 3) He laughs best, who laughs last. 4) She arrives next Thursday. 5) Where will you go when the school year is over? 6) Could you stay, please? I wanted to talk to you.7) I hear you’ve resigned.

6. А) Define the type of ‘medial’ voice types of the verbs in the sentences below, use transformations to prove your words.

For example: He shaved quickly. à He shaved himself quickly (reflexive constructions)

1) They never quarreled in other people's presence. 2) She rose suddenly. 3) The day ended, tranquil and bluish. 4) Let us drink champagne when we meet again. 5) The story began with the description of the house. 6) Keep quiet, please.

b) Use the verbs below in different contexts to illustrate their ability to be used in different voice forms and meanings. Give their Russian equivalents.

For example: to turn - поворачивать, поворачиваться; can be used in the active meaning (I turned the key), in the reflective meaning (I turned myself around), in the passive meaning (The key was turned twice) and in the middle voice meaning (The key turned in the keyhole)

to fill, to open, to read, to sell, to dress, to relate, to change, to hide

7. Split the homonymous constructions into cases where Participle II is used 1) in the function of the predicative, 2) as a part of the passive construction, 3) in semi-passive constructions (those with double interpretation possible).

1. The papers are signed. 2. They have been signed for two hours already. 3. Have the papers been signed? 4. As the director was ill, the papers were signed by his secretary. 5. They were signed a few minutes ago. 6. By the time I returned the papers had been signed. 7. The papers were signed and ready to be posted.

8. Define the verbal mood in the sentences below.

1) God bless you. 2) I insist that the prices be cut considerably. 3) It’s high time she were there. 4) “Will you do it?” – “Oh, I’d much rather you did it.” 5) Oh, if only I knew what to do! 6) It would not be possible to decide anything without him. 7) If I had time I should go on a short holiday. 8) Let him do that. 9) Whoever he might be, I’m not afraid of him. 10) To stay with you would have been a disaster for me.

Seminar 7 adjective and adverb

Sources:

1. Блох, М.Я. Теоретическая грамматика английского языка / М.Я. Блох. - М.: Высшая школа, 2003. – С. 138-146, С. 220-237.

2. Блох, М.Я. Практикум по теоретической грамматике английского языка / М.Я. Блох, Т.Н. Семенова, С.В. Тимофеева. – М.: Высшая школа, 2004. – С. 217-220, 220-222.

Additional:

3. Иванова, И.П. Теоретическая грам­матика современного английского языка / И.П. Иванова, В.В. Бурлакова, Г.Г. Почепцов. - М.: Высшая школа, 1981. – С. 34-39, 87-89.

4. Кобрина, н.А. Теоретическая грамматика современного английского языка: учебное пособие / н.А. Кобрина, н.Н. Болдырев, а.А. Худяков. – м.: Высшая школа, 2007. – с. 121-131, 153-164. Tasks

1. Get ready to answer the questions below.

1. What are semantic, formal and functional properties of the adjective?

2. What is the grammatical meaning of the category of comparison? How many forms constitute this category? How are they organized hierarchically?

3. What is elative superlative?

4. What is reverse comparison?

5. What is the difference between qualitative and relative adjectives?

6. How are the adjectives divided according to their semantic function?

7. What kind of words are called the category of state words?

8. What is substantivation? What is the difference between fully and partially substantivised adjectives?

9. What are semantic, formal and functional properties of the adverb?

10. Which parts of speech can adverbs be homonymous with?

11. What are postpositives?

12. What are qualitative, quantitative and circumstantial adverbs?

13. What is the difference between genuine (notional) and semi-functional adverbs?

14. What forms constitute the category of comparison of adverbs?