16. Choose the correct answer.

1. How are trees that drop their leaves every year called?

A evergreen B deciduous C carnivorous D coniferous

2. Why do deciduous trees drop their leaves?

A they fight the infection B they spend energy C they work to keep their branches healthy D they save energy

3. Do coniferous trees drop their leaves?

A Yes, they do. B No, they don’t. C only the oldest leaves D sometimes

4. Where can coniferous trees grow?

A in deserts B in savannah C in the coldest regions D in the jungle

5. How can coniferous trees be identified?

A by their needles B by their leaves C by their fruits D by their cones

17. Match the parts of the sentences:

1. Trees can also be divided into … 2. Deciduous trees are plants that … 3. Their branches remain free of foliage until … 4. Trees lose their leaves … 5. Coniferous trees keep their leaves and then … 6. Only conifers are found … 7. Coniferous trees can be small bushes or … 8. Conifers are fast growing trees that … 9. There are three major groups of conifers : …

a) … shed only the oldest leaves. b) … firs, spruces and pines. c) … drop their leaves every year. d) … one-hundred meter high redwoods. e) … have adapted to a variety of environmental conditions. f) … when they go dormant. g) … deciduous and coniferous categories. h) … north of about latitude 55 degrees. i) … conditions improve.

18. Retell the text in Russian.

19. Read and translate Text c in writing using a dictionary: Text c Garden Types of Plants

Annuals

Annuals are plants that live for a year or less based on Latin “annus”, meaning “year”. Annuals are also known as seasonal flowering plants which flower only for three to four months. They are normally grown through seeds. They grow, flower, make more seeds and die, within a year. Annuals are great for creating instant effect and adding color to your garden. Planting annuals also gives you the option of changing the layout of your garden after a year. Most annuals are tender and some of them like phlox look beautiful and are excellent as borders and hedges.

Biennials

A plant that takes two years to grow from seed to fruit is a biennial, based on Latin “biennis” meaning “two years”. These are also seasonal flowering plants that flower only in the second year of planting. To have blooms year after year with biennial flowers, you have to plant seeds every year.

Perennials

The Latin “perennis” means ‘many years'. Perennials are those flowering plants that last longer and keep on flowering. Most take two years until they are old enough to bloom. Once you plant them there is no need for replanting year after year. But they are not a good option, if you want to change the layout of the garden frequently. Most perennials grow best in slightly acidic soils and prefer six to eight hours of sun per day. Watering should be deep, infrequent and applied directly to the soil. This type of watering will promote deep rooting and will help reduce leaf diseases.

Flowering and Ornamental Trees

Trees can be flowering trees, fruit trees, shade trees, ornamentals etc. Some attractive medium height flowering trees or ornamental trees would be ideal for a home garden. Trees take a number of years to mature. In the first year, remove weak or unruly shoots. In the second or third year remove poorly spaced branches, leaving alone the central trunk. Once they settle, trees need to be watered only once in a while. But the watering should be deep and applied directly to the soil. Shade trees and ornamentals grow on a framework of older branches and need only infrequent maintenance pruning. Prune only dead, diseased or damaged wood or when you need to correct a poor shape. Flowering trees can be pruned after flowering or fruition.

Creepers and Climbers

Creepers: These plants can be grown along the top of the compound wall or as a cover for walls, or at the entrance as an arch.

Climbers: These are the plants with soft stems that grow only with a support. They rely on something else for support; another plant, a wall or trellis.

Bulbs

A bulb is a specific stem structure which is planted beneath the soil and stays underground. Roots grow down from it, and stem and leaves grow up from it. Most bulb plants have a dormant (resting) period during which there is no growth visible. Bulb plants grow, flower, then the leaves remain for some time and disappear completely until next year. They are easy to grow and guaranteed to bloom.