Контрольная работа №4 вариант 2

I. Translate the text into Russian.

STRUCTURAL PARTS OF A DIESEL ENGINE

The diesel engine in its main features is composed of the following parts:

• bedplate

• frame or column

• engine or cylinder block

• cylinder liners

• cylinder head or cover

The bedplate must act as the main strength part of the engine section, providing rigid support for the main bearings and crankshaft. It is also a platform on which the other components may accurately be mounted to support engine cylinders and all working parts.

Frame is a load-carrying part of an engine; it may include parts as the cylinder block, base, sump and end plates.

The engine frame may form the main strength member with a comparatively lighter bedplate construction. In that case main bearings may be suspended from the frame and the crankshaft is said to be underslung.

Cylinder Block is a part of the engine frame that supports the engine cylinder liners, heads and crankshafts, it is a cast iron casing which encloses / houses cylinder liners and supports heads.

Cylinders are of cast iron. They are clamped to the frame by means of long through-bolts which transmit the combustion pressure in the cylinders direct to the frame without causing tensile stresses.

Cylinder covers (heads) close the top end of the cylinders. Theу are tightly secured by studs and nuts to the cylinder block.

II. Match the words on the left with definitions on the right. Translate completed sentences into Russian.

Bedplate	secure the top of the combustion chamber and provide mechanical support for two other engine components, namely the exhaust valves and the fuel injectors.
The cylinder liner	provides housing for the crankshaft.
The flywheel	ensures attenuation of the vibrations introduced by the discrete firings in each cylinder.
The crankcase	a cylindrical part to be fitted into an engine block to form a cylinder.
The cylinder heads	Main strength part providing rigid support for the main bearings and crankshaft.

III. Complete the sentences with the appropriate terms.

1. The space surrounding an engine component, such as a cylinder liner, through which water is passed to maintain a desired temperature is called ____________ .

2. Bolts with threads on both ends designed to be screwed into fixed parts at one end and to receive a nut on the other are known as ____________ .

3. The hand tool used for tightening a nut or bolt that indicates the amount of turning force applied is the ____________ .

4. The device consisting of a nozzle through which oil fuel is sprayed into the cylinder at high pressure is known as the ____________ .

5. ____________ is the process by which the spent gases are displaced from the cylinder by fresh air blown through it.

IV. The words of these sentences are mixed up. Write the sentences correctly.

Example: Placed ports are exhaust the cylinder on side.

Answer: Exhaust ports are placed on the cylinder side.

1. The bedplate consists of a deep longitudinal box structure with stiffening members and webs for additional rigidly.

2. The framework of the diesel engine is the load carrying part of the machinery.

3. The cylinder is the enclosed space in which the mixture of air and fuel is burned.

4. The cylinder head seals the end of the cylinder and usually carries the valves.

5. The cylinder block walls are equipped with access doors or handhole covers.

V. Translate from Russian into English.

1. Остов двигателя включает: фундаментную раму с рамовыми подшипниками; станину с блоком цилиндров; цилиндры; цилиндровые крышки.

2. Анкерные связи со­единяют все элементы остова (кроме цилиндровых крышек) в еди­ную жесткую конструкцию.

3. Фундаментная рама является основным несущим элементом остова двигателя, обеспечивая жесткую опору для рамовых подшипников и коленчатого вала.

4. Станина служит для связи блока цилиндров с фундаментной рамой в единую жесткую конструкцию и образования закрытой по­лости — картера для КШМ.

5. Цилиндры являются одним из силовых элементов остова и слу­жат для образования полостей (вместе с поршнями и крышками), в которых осуществляется рабочий цикл дизеля.