Контрольная работа №4 вариант 1

I. Translate the text into Russian.

A device which burns fuel creating heat to perform work is a heat engine. Heat engines can be classified as external combustion, such as steam boiler, or internal combustion. They can further be divided into the spark ignited engine or the compression ignited engine. The Compression Ignited heat engine has been most famously referred to as the Diesel engine, named after its inventor, Rudolph Diesel.

The diesel engine is a type of internal combustion engine, which ignites the fuel by injecting it into hot, high-pressure air in a combustion chamber. In common with all internal combustion engines, the diesel engine operates with a fixed sequence of events, which may be achieved either in four strokes or in two, a stroke being the travel of the piston between its extreme points. Each stroke is accomplished in half a revolution of the crankshaft.

The fundamental requirements for the operation of a diesel engine are a supply of fuel, the necessary air for combustion of the fuel and some means to get the air and fuel into the cylinders and the products of combustion out.

A diesel engine produces power only when it is burning fuel. The diesel engine has no ignition system. The injected fuel is ignited by the temperature rise associated with compressing air to a high pressure.

II. Read the following definitions and find the corresponding terms, which they explain. Translate into Russian.

The distance a piston travels up or down inside the cylinder.	Cycle
The rapid oxidation, or combination, of a combustible such as carbon, hydrogen, or sulfur, with oxygen of air is ….	Heat engine
One complete sequence of operations required to produce power in an engine is …	Diesel engine
A machine that converts heat into work …	Combustion.
An internal combustion engine operating on a thermodynamic cycle in which the ratio of compression of the air charge is sufficiently high to ignite the fuel subsequently injected into combustion chamber. Also known as compression-ignition engine.	Stroke.

III. The words of these sentences are mixed up. Write the sentences correctly.

Example: Placed ports are exhaust the cylinder on side.

Answer: Exhaust ports are placed on the cylinder side.

1. The engine is diesel a compression engine ignition.

2. The function of primary marine any engineering plant to convert is the chemical energy of fuel useful into work.

3. Diesel have good engines at performance speeds efficient and can readily be for reversed astern operation.

4. The is diesel the most mover efficient the from standpoint of thermal overall efficiency.

5. Today majority the great of fleet the world is by propelled diesel engines.

IV. Try to explain the function of each of these items:

1. a heat engine

2. the external combustion engine

3. the internal combustion engine

4. the spark ignited engine

5. the compression ignited engine

V. Translate from Russian into English.

1. Двигатели внутреннего сгорания (ДВС) являются поршневыми тепловыми двигателями, в которых топливо сгорает непосредственно внутри рабочего цилиндра.

2. В результате сгорания топлива, расширения продуктов сгорания и их давления на поршень совершается механическая работа.

3. Возвратно-поступательное движение поршня при помощи кривошипно-шатунного механизма преобразуется во вращательное движение коленчатого вала.

4. Комплекс последовательных процессов: наполнение цилиндра свежим зарядом воздуха и его сжатие; впрыск топлива и его сгорание; расширение продуктов сгорания и выпуск их из цилиндра называется рабочим циклом.

5. Двигатели внутреннего сгорания (ДВС) являются основой энергетических установок на судах морского и речного типа.