- •Ministry of education and science of ukraine cHerkasy bohdan khmelnytsky national university course materials in grammar: syntax
- •Передмова
- •1. Simple sentence
- •Structural types of sentences
- •Structural classification of sentences
- •Types of elliptical sentences
- •Exercises
- •1.2. Communicative types of sentences
- •Declarative sentences
- •Interrogative sentences
- •Interrogative Sentences
- •General questions
- •Tag questions
- •Alternative questions
- •Suggestive questions
- •Pronominal questions
- •Rhetorical questions
- •Imperative sentences
- •Commands
- •Exclamatory sentences
- •Exercises
- •2. Subject
- •Ways of expressing the Subject
- •2.2. Structural Classification
- •2.3 Grammatical Classification
- •Exercises
- •3. The predicate
- •3.1. Structural classification of the predicate
- •Structural types of the predicate
- •3.2. Simple Predicate The simple verbal predicate proper is expressed by a verb in a synthetic or analytical form.
- •3.3. The compound predicate
- •The compound verbal phasal predicate
- •The compound verbal modal predicate
- •The compound verbal predicate of double orientation
- •The compound nominal predicate
- •The compound nominal predicate proper
- •Ways of expressing the predicative
- •The compound nominal double predicate
- •The compound nominal double predicate
- •Exercises
- •4. The object
- •4.1 Ways of expressing the object
- •4.2 Types of the object
- •Exercises
- •5. The attribute
- •5.1 Ways of Expressing Attributes
- •5.2 Types of the attribute
- •5.3 Apposition
- •Exercises
- •Exercise 3. Point out the apposition and say whether it is close or loose.
- •6. The adverbial modifier
- •6.1 Ways of expressing adverbial modifiers
- •6.2. Semantic classes of adverbial modifiers The adverbial of place
- •The adverbial of time
- •The adverbial of manner
- •The adverbial of cause (reason)
- •The adverbial of purpose
- •The adverbial of result (consequence)
- •The adverbial of condition
- •The adverbial of concession
- •Adverbials of attendant circumstances and subsequent events
- •The adverbial of comparison
- •The adverbial of degree
- •The adverbial of measure
- •The adverbial of exception
- •7.3. The absolute nominative constructions
- •Absolute Nominative Constructions
- •Absolute Nominative Constructions
- •Functions in the sentence
- •Exercises Exercise 1. Point out the kind of adverbial modifier, and state by what it is expressed.
- •Exercise 2. Point out the kind of adverbial modifier, and state by what it is expressed.
- •8. The composite sentence
- •8.1 The compound sentence
- •Types of Coordination
- •8.2 The complex sentence
- •Connectors
- •Types of subordinate clauses
- •The complex sentence with a subject clause
- •The complex sentence with a predicative clause
- •The complex sentence with an object clause
- •The complex sentence with an appositive clause
- •The complex sentence with an attributive clause
- •The complex sentence with an adverbial clause
- •Exercises
- •Exercise 2. Point out the coordinate clauses and comment on the way they are joined.
- •I should like to know what kind of books you are fond of.
- •Exercise 16. Define the kinds of attributive clauses and punctuate accordingly.
- •Exercise 17. Insert who, whom, that, which, as.
- •Exercise 22. Define the kinds of clauses introduced by as.
- •Exercise 23. Define the kinds of clauses introduced by since and while.
- •Variant II
- •Test Paper III The Adjective
- •Variant I
- •Variant II
- •Test Paper IV The Noun
- •Variant I
- •Variant II
- •5. Replace the word-combinations in bold type by the absolute possessive.
- •Test Paper V The Article
- •Variant I
- •1. Use the proper article with countable noun in the following sentences:
- •2. Use the appropriate articles with uncountable nouns in the following sentence.
- •3. Use the appropriate articles with Proper Nouns in the following sentences:
- •4. Translate into English:
- •Variant II
- •1. Use the proper article with countable noun in the following sentences:
- •2. Use the appropriate articles with uncountable nouns in the following sentence where necessary.
- •3. Use the appropriate articles with Proper Nouns in the following sentences:
- •4. Translate into English:
- •Credit test-paper
- •Variant I
- •Variant II
- •Task 2. Insert the required tense in the Passive Voice.
- •Variant II Task 1. Insert the Past Indefinite, Past Continuous, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous.
- •Task 2. Insert the required tense in the Passive Voice.
- •Test Paper II Sequence of Tenses, Indirect Speech
- •Variant I
- •Task I. Use the appropriate form of the verb.
- •Task 2. Convert into indirect speech.
- •Variant II Task 1. Use the appropriate form of the verb.
- •Task 2. Convert into indirect speech.
- •Test Paper III Secondary Parts of the sentence
- •Variant 1
- •Variant II
Task 2. Convert into indirect speech.
1. "Davis, Davis," he called, "what's the time? My watch has stopped." 2. "Jebb," he said, "have you been in many caves? Are you a caver?" 3. "When will Mr. Dodson be back, Sir?" inquired Mr. Pickwick. 4. "And have you anything else you want to explain to me, Denry?" said Mr. Maybold. "Nothing, Sir." 5. "What," said Dinny, when they were seated before an omelette Bulgarienne, "do you know about Professor Hallorsen, Uncle Adrian?" 6. At last she said: "Well, Uncle Adrian, will you try and think of any way of strafing that man for the scurvy way he's treated Hubert?" 7. The first question on Marianne's side was, "How long has this been known to you, Elinor? Has he written to you?" "I have known it these four months." 8. "Who is there?" he [Arthur] whispered. "It's me, Sir," answered a venerable voice. "Mrs. Newitt, the housekeeper. Is Mrs. Forrest ill?" "Mrs. Newitt," he said, "where is your master?" 9. "Who's that fellow?" said Lord Saxended... 10. "What are you doing humped that way on the ground? Do you think that is ladylike?" Mrs. Bingham said to her daughter. 11. "Is there anything else on your mind, Erik?" Haviland asked.
Variant II Task 1. Use the appropriate form of the verb.
1. I am just passing through Chicago... and I thought you __ tell me a little about the city from an investment point of view (may) 2. He said he __ be obliged to run on to Pittsburg for thirty six hours but he __ back on the third day (may, to be). 3. It had not yet occurred to her that she __ get money for the locket and ear-rings which she __ with her (may, to carry). 4. I thought you __ better sense (to have). 5. Sir Wilfrid knew, from the frequency with which she used her handkerchief, that the tears __ down her cheeks (to run). 6. She [Dinah] hesitated no longer, but opening her own door gently, went out and tapped at Hetty's. "I knew you __ not in bed, my dear," she said (to be). 7. We came to this part of the country in the hope that the bracing air... __ a good effect upon him (to have). 8. The door opened suddenly, and a young fellow came in, with the air of one who __ the master (to be). 9. She clung to the belief that he __ so fond of her that he __ never __ happy without her; and she still hugged her secret that a great gentleman __ her (to be, to be, to love). 10. At ten o'clock he telephoned again, saying that he __ his mind, (to change). 11. Mr. Jackson departed upstairs on his errand, and immediately returned with a message that Mr. Fogg __ Mr. Pickwick in five minutes (to see). 12. It chanced... that Mr. Bennett received a letter from a fellow-student in Prague, who said he. __ glad to have seen Professor Pusbury then (to be). 13. I thought I __ well, being tired (to sleep). 14. We asked if there __ anything further that we __ do for him (to be, can). 15. I hailed them and asked if they __ tell me the way to Wollingford Lock; and I explained that I __ for it for the last two hours (can, to look). 16. I invited them all to come and spend a week with me, and my cousin said her' mother __ pleased to see them (to be). 17. His correspondent announced that he __ unexpectedly __ to London (to summon — passive). 18. He says he __ free to-morrow (to be).