- •Ministry of education and science of ukraine cHerkasy bohdan khmelnytsky national university course materials in grammar: syntax
- •Передмова
- •1. Simple sentence
- •Structural types of sentences
- •Structural classification of sentences
- •Types of elliptical sentences
- •Exercises
- •1.2. Communicative types of sentences
- •Declarative sentences
- •Interrogative sentences
- •Interrogative Sentences
- •General questions
- •Tag questions
- •Alternative questions
- •Suggestive questions
- •Pronominal questions
- •Rhetorical questions
- •Imperative sentences
- •Commands
- •Exclamatory sentences
- •Exercises
- •2. Subject
- •Ways of expressing the Subject
- •2.2. Structural Classification
- •2.3 Grammatical Classification
- •Exercises
- •3. The predicate
- •3.1. Structural classification of the predicate
- •Structural types of the predicate
- •3.2. Simple Predicate The simple verbal predicate proper is expressed by a verb in a synthetic or analytical form.
- •3.3. The compound predicate
- •The compound verbal phasal predicate
- •The compound verbal modal predicate
- •The compound verbal predicate of double orientation
- •The compound nominal predicate
- •The compound nominal predicate proper
- •Ways of expressing the predicative
- •The compound nominal double predicate
- •The compound nominal double predicate
- •Exercises
- •4. The object
- •4.1 Ways of expressing the object
- •4.2 Types of the object
- •Exercises
- •5. The attribute
- •5.1 Ways of Expressing Attributes
- •5.2 Types of the attribute
- •5.3 Apposition
- •Exercises
- •Exercise 3. Point out the apposition and say whether it is close or loose.
- •6. The adverbial modifier
- •6.1 Ways of expressing adverbial modifiers
- •6.2. Semantic classes of adverbial modifiers The adverbial of place
- •The adverbial of time
- •The adverbial of manner
- •The adverbial of cause (reason)
- •The adverbial of purpose
- •The adverbial of result (consequence)
- •The adverbial of condition
- •The adverbial of concession
- •Adverbials of attendant circumstances and subsequent events
- •The adverbial of comparison
- •The adverbial of degree
- •The adverbial of measure
- •The adverbial of exception
- •7.3. The absolute nominative constructions
- •Absolute Nominative Constructions
- •Absolute Nominative Constructions
- •Functions in the sentence
- •Exercises Exercise 1. Point out the kind of adverbial modifier, and state by what it is expressed.
- •Exercise 2. Point out the kind of adverbial modifier, and state by what it is expressed.
- •8. The composite sentence
- •8.1 The compound sentence
- •Types of Coordination
- •8.2 The complex sentence
- •Connectors
- •Types of subordinate clauses
- •The complex sentence with a subject clause
- •The complex sentence with a predicative clause
- •The complex sentence with an object clause
- •The complex sentence with an appositive clause
- •The complex sentence with an attributive clause
- •The complex sentence with an adverbial clause
- •Exercises
- •Exercise 2. Point out the coordinate clauses and comment on the way they are joined.
- •I should like to know what kind of books you are fond of.
- •Exercise 16. Define the kinds of attributive clauses and punctuate accordingly.
- •Exercise 17. Insert who, whom, that, which, as.
- •Exercise 22. Define the kinds of clauses introduced by as.
- •Exercise 23. Define the kinds of clauses introduced by since and while.
- •Variant II
- •Test Paper III The Adjective
- •Variant I
- •Variant II
- •Test Paper IV The Noun
- •Variant I
- •Variant II
- •5. Replace the word-combinations in bold type by the absolute possessive.
- •Test Paper V The Article
- •Variant I
- •1. Use the proper article with countable noun in the following sentences:
- •2. Use the appropriate articles with uncountable nouns in the following sentence.
- •3. Use the appropriate articles with Proper Nouns in the following sentences:
- •4. Translate into English:
- •Variant II
- •1. Use the proper article with countable noun in the following sentences:
- •2. Use the appropriate articles with uncountable nouns in the following sentence where necessary.
- •3. Use the appropriate articles with Proper Nouns in the following sentences:
- •4. Translate into English:
- •Credit test-paper
- •Variant I
- •Variant II
- •Task 2. Insert the required tense in the Passive Voice.
- •Variant II Task 1. Insert the Past Indefinite, Past Continuous, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous.
- •Task 2. Insert the required tense in the Passive Voice.
- •Test Paper II Sequence of Tenses, Indirect Speech
- •Variant I
- •Task I. Use the appropriate form of the verb.
- •Task 2. Convert into indirect speech.
- •Variant II Task 1. Use the appropriate form of the verb.
- •Task 2. Convert into indirect speech.
- •Test Paper III Secondary Parts of the sentence
- •Variant 1
- •Variant II
3. Use the appropriate articles with Proper Nouns in the following sentences:
... Panama Canal connects ... Atlantic and ... Pacific Oceans.
... Volga flows from ... Valdai Hills to ... Caspian Sea.
We get tea mostly from ... China and Ceylon.
... Alaska is the biggest state in ... USA.
... National Gallery faces ... Trafalgar square.
When did you arrive at ... Heathrow airport?
Whenever the Greens come to London they stay at ... Hilton Hotel.
What is ... British Museum famous for?
4. Translate into English:
Був теплий літній вечір.
Давай зустрінемось увечері, вдень я буду дуже зайнятий.
Ти пам’ятаєш весну, коли ми з тобою познайомились?
Скоріше йдіть до столу. Обід холоне.
Я ніколи не лягаю спати раніше десятої.
Я не знав, що недалеко від вашого будинку є базар.
Базар був зачинений, і ми пішли до магазину.
Ми зустрінемося після школи? – Де? – Біля входу в школу.
Variant II
1. Use the proper article with countable noun in the following sentences:
How did you like … football match?
There’s …beach near here.
Have you got … ten-pound note?
I wonder if you could help me. I have … problem.
Did Mike get … job he applied for?
She sat down on … chair.
You’d better take … taxi to … station.
Susan works in … city center.
… woman and … man were sitting opposite me.
2. Use the appropriate articles with uncountable nouns in the following sentence where necessary.
In the morning one should eat … substantial breakfast.
I can eat …porridge every day.
What’s …weather like today?
They gave us …information forwarded to them from the head-office.
There’s ... milk in the fridge. Just enough for coffee.
In her eyes there was … eagerness, which could hardly be seen without delight.
… s/Salt dissolves in … water.
I like …skiing but I’m not very good at it.
3. Use the appropriate articles with Proper Nouns in the following sentences:
Is …Amsterdam in …United States or in …Netherlands?
…Statue of Liberty was presented as …gift by …people of …France to …people of …United States.
…Loch Ness is … lake in …Scotland.
…English are very proud of their history.
Is …Malta in …Mediterranean?
Which is longer: …Volga or …Danube?
…Chicago is on …Lake Miсhigan.
You should go to …Science Museum. It’s very interesting.
4. Translate into English:
Вегетаріанець – це людина, яка не їсть м’ясо.
Жінки живуть довше, ніж чоловіки.
Яблука дуже корисні.
Шерлок Холмс дуже добре грав на скрипці.
Рон і Мері одружилися, але їх шлюб тривав не довго.
Вчора був чудовий день, чи не так?
Яка найвища гора у світі?
Де знаходиться найближча крамниця?
Credit test-paper
Variant I
Task 1. Define the structural type of the following sentences:
1. To think of that!
2. When did you see her?
3. On Monday.
4. Winter. Frosty morning.
5. Frank is a doctor.
Task 2. Define the communicative type of the following sentences:
Don't speak so loudly.
What an interesting story!
Why didn't you tell me everything?
Won't you tell me?
East of west, home is best.
Task 3. Analyze subject “it”: 1. It is raining cats and dogs.
2. I like his house. It is big and spacious.
3. It is necessary to finish this work in time.
4. It is high time to go home.
5. It is pleasant to deal with him.
Task 4. Find the subjects and analyze them:
To achieve like that is impolite.
His being late surprised me.
Seven is my favourite number.
For Helen to visit her friend is very important.
Kate is sure to understand you.
Task 5. Analyze the predicate:
I had to get up early to catch the train.
The child is delicate.
We started to work like wild and stopped working only at midnight.
They looked at me as if they strongly disapproved of me.
Tom is likely to come.