- •Ministry of education and science of ukraine cHerkasy bohdan khmelnytsky national university course materials in grammar: syntax
- •Передмова
- •1. Simple sentence
- •Structural types of sentences
- •Structural classification of sentences
- •Types of elliptical sentences
- •Exercises
- •1.2. Communicative types of sentences
- •Declarative sentences
- •Interrogative sentences
- •Interrogative Sentences
- •General questions
- •Tag questions
- •Alternative questions
- •Suggestive questions
- •Pronominal questions
- •Rhetorical questions
- •Imperative sentences
- •Commands
- •Exclamatory sentences
- •Exercises
- •2. Subject
- •Ways of expressing the Subject
- •2.2. Structural Classification
- •2.3 Grammatical Classification
- •Exercises
- •3. The predicate
- •3.1. Structural classification of the predicate
- •Structural types of the predicate
- •3.2. Simple Predicate The simple verbal predicate proper is expressed by a verb in a synthetic or analytical form.
- •3.3. The compound predicate
- •The compound verbal phasal predicate
- •The compound verbal modal predicate
- •The compound verbal predicate of double orientation
- •The compound nominal predicate
- •The compound nominal predicate proper
- •Ways of expressing the predicative
- •The compound nominal double predicate
- •The compound nominal double predicate
- •Exercises
- •4. The object
- •4.1 Ways of expressing the object
- •4.2 Types of the object
- •Exercises
- •5. The attribute
- •5.1 Ways of Expressing Attributes
- •5.2 Types of the attribute
- •5.3 Apposition
- •Exercises
- •Exercise 3. Point out the apposition and say whether it is close or loose.
- •6. The adverbial modifier
- •6.1 Ways of expressing adverbial modifiers
- •6.2. Semantic classes of adverbial modifiers The adverbial of place
- •The adverbial of time
- •The adverbial of manner
- •The adverbial of cause (reason)
- •The adverbial of purpose
- •The adverbial of result (consequence)
- •The adverbial of condition
- •The adverbial of concession
- •Adverbials of attendant circumstances and subsequent events
- •The adverbial of comparison
- •The adverbial of degree
- •The adverbial of measure
- •The adverbial of exception
- •7.3. The absolute nominative constructions
- •Absolute Nominative Constructions
- •Absolute Nominative Constructions
- •Functions in the sentence
- •Exercises Exercise 1. Point out the kind of adverbial modifier, and state by what it is expressed.
- •Exercise 2. Point out the kind of adverbial modifier, and state by what it is expressed.
- •8. The composite sentence
- •8.1 The compound sentence
- •Types of Coordination
- •8.2 The complex sentence
- •Connectors
- •Types of subordinate clauses
- •The complex sentence with a subject clause
- •The complex sentence with a predicative clause
- •The complex sentence with an object clause
- •The complex sentence with an appositive clause
- •The complex sentence with an attributive clause
- •The complex sentence with an adverbial clause
- •Exercises
- •Exercise 2. Point out the coordinate clauses and comment on the way they are joined.
- •I should like to know what kind of books you are fond of.
- •Exercise 16. Define the kinds of attributive clauses and punctuate accordingly.
- •Exercise 17. Insert who, whom, that, which, as.
- •Exercise 22. Define the kinds of clauses introduced by as.
- •Exercise 23. Define the kinds of clauses introduced by since and while.
- •Variant II
- •Test Paper III The Adjective
- •Variant I
- •Variant II
- •Test Paper IV The Noun
- •Variant I
- •Variant II
- •5. Replace the word-combinations in bold type by the absolute possessive.
- •Test Paper V The Article
- •Variant I
- •1. Use the proper article with countable noun in the following sentences:
- •2. Use the appropriate articles with uncountable nouns in the following sentence.
- •3. Use the appropriate articles with Proper Nouns in the following sentences:
- •4. Translate into English:
- •Variant II
- •1. Use the proper article with countable noun in the following sentences:
- •2. Use the appropriate articles with uncountable nouns in the following sentence where necessary.
- •3. Use the appropriate articles with Proper Nouns in the following sentences:
- •4. Translate into English:
- •Credit test-paper
- •Variant I
- •Variant II
- •Task 2. Insert the required tense in the Passive Voice.
- •Variant II Task 1. Insert the Past Indefinite, Past Continuous, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous.
- •Task 2. Insert the required tense in the Passive Voice.
- •Test Paper II Sequence of Tenses, Indirect Speech
- •Variant I
- •Task I. Use the appropriate form of the verb.
- •Task 2. Convert into indirect speech.
- •Variant II Task 1. Use the appropriate form of the verb.
- •Task 2. Convert into indirect speech.
- •Test Paper III Secondary Parts of the sentence
- •Variant 1
- •Variant II
Variant II
1. Indicate the class (case or form) of the following pronouns:
Whom, his, her, each, one another, none, one, somebody, neither, theirs, mine, ours, its, those, the same, as, anything.
2. Use the appropriate form of the pronoun:
_house is not very far removed from _ (my, mine; your, yours).
His own hand shook as he accepted a rose from _ and thanked her (her, hers).
Mind _ own business, and I’ll mind_ (your, yours; my, mine).
_routes are as long and difficult as _ (their, theirs; our, ours).
I’d like _ information about places of interest in the town (some, any).
With the special tourist train ticket, you can travel on _ train you like (some, any).
There was hardly_ on the beach. It was almost deserted (somebody, anybody).
I haven't got _ money. Can you lend me _? (some, any; some, any)
We had to walk home because there weren’t_ taxis (some, any, no).
We took a few pictures, but _of them were very good (no, none, any, some).
3. Insert both, either, or neither:
_Tom’s parents is English. His father is Polish and his mother is Italian.
I saw an accident this morning. One car drove into the back of another. Fortunately _driver was injured, but _cars were badly damaged.
I’ve got two sisters and a brother. My brother is working, but _my sisters are still at school.
- Where did you go on your trip – France or Germany? We went to _ . A week in France and a week in Germany.
Where’s Lisa? Is she at work or at home? _ . She’s away on holiday.
…my friends came to the station to see me off.
4. Insert many, much, little, few
Listen carefully. I’m going to give you _ advice.
Do you mind if I ask you _ questions?
It’s not a very interesting place to visit, so _tourists come here.
I don’t think Amy would be a good teacher. She has _patience.
‘Would you like milk in your coffee?’ ‘Yes, _’.. .
This is a very boring place to live. There’s _to do.
Fill no, no one or none
1. _of the students missed the presentation of the new project.
2. There is _ milk in the fridge.
3. I have _ idea where to start our search from.
4. How many fire shows have you seen? – I have seen _ .
5. _successful men get up late in the morning.
6. Good job! You’ve made _mistakes in your paper.
Test Paper III The Adjective
Variant I
1. State whether the adjectives in bold type are qualitative or relative.
1. Bob was wearing comfortable Italian shoes.
2. Helen showed me her beautiful golden ring.
3. Her red woolen dress was torn.
4. She spoke in a low soft voice.
5. Father hated when somebody took his weekly newspaper.
2 .Write the following adjectives in the comparative and superlative degrees of comparison.
sharp, long, small, young, old;
big, hot, thin, wet, sad;
busy, easy, dirty, dry, cozy;
famous, beautiful, interesting;
good, bad, much, far, little;
3. Insert the appropriate form of the adjective given in brackets and supply the article where necessary.
1 .This room is ... and … than that one (big, comfortable).
2. Your work is … than that of John (good).
3. Mary is ... student of our group (bright).
4. Take this knife. It's ... than yours (sharp).
5. George is ... than William. He is...in our family (old).
6. It is … book in my collection (interesting).
7. This street is ... and ... than that one (narrow, quiet).
4. 1nsert conjunctions as ... as, so ... as, than.
1. Your sister is ... young ... his.
2. Our teacher is not ... old ... theirs.
3. The sun is bigger ... the Earth.
4. She was ... beautiful ... he had expected.
5. The study is bigger ... the bedroom, but not ... big ... I expected.
5. Translate the sentences into English.
1. Який найдовший день року?
2. Купіть світліші шпалери для вашої кімнати. Тоді вона не виглядатиме такою похмурою, як зараз.
3. Реферат повинен бути такий короткий, як тільки можна, і містити лише найголовніші ідеї автора.
4. Спочатку я не міг сказати, які оповідання з цього збірника були найсмішнішими: вони всі здавалися смішними, але тепер я бачу, що останнє набагато смішніше, ніж усі інші.
5. Цей фільм цікавіший ніж учорашній, хоча він не такий цікавий, як той, що ми дивилися минулого тижня.