- •Ministry of education and science of ukraine cHerkasy bohdan khmelnytsky national university course materials in grammar: syntax
- •Передмова
- •1. Simple sentence
- •Structural types of sentences
- •Structural classification of sentences
- •Types of elliptical sentences
- •Exercises
- •1.2. Communicative types of sentences
- •Declarative sentences
- •Interrogative sentences
- •Interrogative Sentences
- •General questions
- •Tag questions
- •Alternative questions
- •Suggestive questions
- •Pronominal questions
- •Rhetorical questions
- •Imperative sentences
- •Commands
- •Exclamatory sentences
- •Exercises
- •2. Subject
- •Ways of expressing the Subject
- •2.2. Structural Classification
- •2.3 Grammatical Classification
- •Exercises
- •3. The predicate
- •3.1. Structural classification of the predicate
- •Structural types of the predicate
- •3.2. Simple Predicate The simple verbal predicate proper is expressed by a verb in a synthetic or analytical form.
- •3.3. The compound predicate
- •The compound verbal phasal predicate
- •The compound verbal modal predicate
- •The compound verbal predicate of double orientation
- •The compound nominal predicate
- •The compound nominal predicate proper
- •Ways of expressing the predicative
- •The compound nominal double predicate
- •The compound nominal double predicate
- •Exercises
- •4. The object
- •4.1 Ways of expressing the object
- •4.2 Types of the object
- •Exercises
- •5. The attribute
- •5.1 Ways of Expressing Attributes
- •5.2 Types of the attribute
- •5.3 Apposition
- •Exercises
- •Exercise 3. Point out the apposition and say whether it is close or loose.
- •6. The adverbial modifier
- •6.1 Ways of expressing adverbial modifiers
- •6.2. Semantic classes of adverbial modifiers The adverbial of place
- •The adverbial of time
- •The adverbial of manner
- •The adverbial of cause (reason)
- •The adverbial of purpose
- •The adverbial of result (consequence)
- •The adverbial of condition
- •The adverbial of concession
- •Adverbials of attendant circumstances and subsequent events
- •The adverbial of comparison
- •The adverbial of degree
- •The adverbial of measure
- •The adverbial of exception
- •7.3. The absolute nominative constructions
- •Absolute Nominative Constructions
- •Absolute Nominative Constructions
- •Functions in the sentence
- •Exercises Exercise 1. Point out the kind of adverbial modifier, and state by what it is expressed.
- •Exercise 2. Point out the kind of adverbial modifier, and state by what it is expressed.
- •8. The composite sentence
- •8.1 The compound sentence
- •Types of Coordination
- •8.2 The complex sentence
- •Connectors
- •Types of subordinate clauses
- •The complex sentence with a subject clause
- •The complex sentence with a predicative clause
- •The complex sentence with an object clause
- •The complex sentence with an appositive clause
- •The complex sentence with an attributive clause
- •The complex sentence with an adverbial clause
- •Exercises
- •Exercise 2. Point out the coordinate clauses and comment on the way they are joined.
- •I should like to know what kind of books you are fond of.
- •Exercise 16. Define the kinds of attributive clauses and punctuate accordingly.
- •Exercise 17. Insert who, whom, that, which, as.
- •Exercise 22. Define the kinds of clauses introduced by as.
- •Exercise 23. Define the kinds of clauses introduced by since and while.
- •Variant II
- •Test Paper III The Adjective
- •Variant I
- •Variant II
- •Test Paper IV The Noun
- •Variant I
- •Variant II
- •5. Replace the word-combinations in bold type by the absolute possessive.
- •Test Paper V The Article
- •Variant I
- •1. Use the proper article with countable noun in the following sentences:
- •2. Use the appropriate articles with uncountable nouns in the following sentence.
- •3. Use the appropriate articles with Proper Nouns in the following sentences:
- •4. Translate into English:
- •Variant II
- •1. Use the proper article with countable noun in the following sentences:
- •2. Use the appropriate articles with uncountable nouns in the following sentence where necessary.
- •3. Use the appropriate articles with Proper Nouns in the following sentences:
- •4. Translate into English:
- •Credit test-paper
- •Variant I
- •Variant II
- •Task 2. Insert the required tense in the Passive Voice.
- •Variant II Task 1. Insert the Past Indefinite, Past Continuous, Past Perfect or Past Perfect Continuous.
- •Task 2. Insert the required tense in the Passive Voice.
- •Test Paper II Sequence of Tenses, Indirect Speech
- •Variant I
- •Task I. Use the appropriate form of the verb.
- •Task 2. Convert into indirect speech.
- •Variant II Task 1. Use the appropriate form of the verb.
- •Task 2. Convert into indirect speech.
- •Test Paper III Secondary Parts of the sentence
- •Variant 1
- •Variant II
Absolute Nominative Constructions
-
Verbal
Non-verbal
the absolute nominative with participle I construction
e.g.: With his heart beating, he left the room
the absolute nominative with the adjective construction
e.g.: She hurriedly left the room with her eyes red
the absolute nominative with participle II construction
e.g.: With her eyes fixed on the ground, she sat silent and still.
the absolute nominative with the adverb construction
e.g.: He turned away, with his hand still up
the absolute nominative with the infinitive construction
e.g.: You’ll lose the last minutes, without someone to take care of you
the absolute nominative with a noun construction.
e.g.: They marched towards the square, with little flags in their hands.
the absolute nominative with a stative construction
e.g.: He stood there trembling, with his face ablaze
Functions in the sentence
Construction |
Functions |
The absolute nominative with participle I construction
|
The adverbial modifier of: 1. reason. e.g.: The weather being unusually mild at that time for the season of the year, there was no sleighing
2. attendant circumstances. In this case the construction usually comes at the end of the sentence. e.g.: With a yell, he sprang back, a sweat coming on his skin
3. time. e.g.: The car having stopped, the boys jumped out onto the grass
4. condition. e.g.: Circumstances permitting, they will be through with it by the end of May
|
The absolute nominative with participle II construction
|
The adverbial modifier of: 1. attendant circumstances. e.g.: “Bye,” he said, and walked away, his farewell unanswered
2. time. e.g.: Dinner served, Mrs Marlow rang the bell
|
The absolute nominative with the infinitive construction |
The adverbial modifier of attendant circumstances. e.g.: There they remained, some of them to be entirely forgotten
|
The absolute nominative with the adjective |
The adverbial modifier of: 1. attendant circumstances. e.g.: She stood under the tree, her head full of strange ideas
2. reason. . e.g.: Her heart full of despair, she could not say a word
|
The absolute nominative with the stative |
The adverbial modifier of: 1. reason. e.g.: The gallery door slightly ajar, I could hear the steps of the soldiers
2. manner. e.g.: This time the fish attacked from below. It hurtled up under the woman, jaws agape
|
The absolute nominative with the adverb |
The adverbial modifier of: 1. time. e.g.: Tea over, she again summoned us to the fire
|
The absolute nominative with a noun |
The adverbial modifier of: 1. attendant circumstances. e.g.: I waited, every nerve upon the stretch
2. time. e.g.: All in the room, she called in Molly
|