Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan
REPORT
Topic: Metods of Drilling.
Subject: Fundamentals of oil and gas production and processing technology
Prepared by: Murzagaliyev Nurbek
Seitaliyeva Aidana
Ermek Meirzhan
Checked by: Kyzdarbayev Yerkebulan
Atyrau-2017
CONTENT
Drilling
The cycle of well construction.
Classification of wells for the purpose.
Methods of drilling.
Drill column.
Drilling rig.
Petroleum drilling industry.
Water well drilling.
Mobile drilling rigs.
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Conclusion
Reference
Drilling — the process of destruction of rocks with the help of special equipment — drilling equipment. There are three types of drilling:
Vertical drilling
Directional drilling
Horizontal drilling for laying of communications
Well drilling is the process of construction directed cylindrical excavation in the ground, the diameter "D" which is small compared with its length of trunk "H", without human to slaughter. Beginning of wells on the surface of the earth is called the mouth, the bottom — bottom and borehole wall to form its stem.
In Russia until the mid-nineteenth century, oil was extracted on the Apsheron Peninsula from wells, on the 14th July 1848 in the village of Bibi Heybat was drilled the first oil well in the world of percussion with wooden rods.
Outside of Russia the first oil well was drilled in 1859 in the United States by Colonel Edwin Drake in the vicinity of Titusville , General representative of the Seneca Oil Company. Because of the attempts to use drilling to find and produce oil, the locals thought Drake was crazy. Besides Drake, according to his own statement, have invented a casing, "without which no one would be able to drill in the lowlands, where land is flooded".
In 1899 Russia had patented the electric drill. It was the motor that was connected to the chisel and was hanging from a rope. Already in 1938, was developed by its modern design, and in two years this drill has drilled the first well.
In the 1930's in Europe, has drilled the surface hole to a depth of 3 km In the late 1950-ies, the depth of wells drilled increased to 7 km.
The offshore drilling was first carried out in the Pacific in 1897 In Russia the first offshore well was drilled in the Bay of Lenin on an artificially created island.
in 1970-1990 years drilled the Kola superdeep borehole — the deep parametric well in the world, with a depth of 12 262 meters.
The cycle of well construction.
The construction of ground facilities;
the deepening of the wellbore, the implementation of which is possible only if the two simultaneously occurring types of work — the actual deepening and cleaning of wells;
the separation of the layers, consisting of two consecutive activities: - building (mounting) of the borehole drop pipes, United into a column, and plugging (cementing) annular space;
the exploration of wells. Often the exploration of wells in combination with some other types of work (completion and attachment of the bottomhole zone, perforation, challenge and intensification of inflow [outflow] of fluid) is called the completion.
Classification of wells for the purpose.
Wells for oil and gas, can be classified as follows:
structural search, the purpose of which is setting (the clarification of the tectonics, stratigraphy, lithology, productivity assessment of horizons) without additional construction of wells;
exploration used to identify productive facilities, and to outline a already existing oil and gas-bearing formations;
mining (operational), designed for the extraction of oil and gas from the earth's interior. To this category also include the discharge, evaluation, observation and appraisal wells;
injection, intended for the injection of water, gas or steam with the purpose of maintaining reservoir pressure or bottomhole zone treatment. These measures are aimed at lengthening the period of the fountain method of oil production or improving production efficiency;
leading mining used for oil and gas production with simultaneous refinement of the structure of the formation;
evaluation, the purpose of which — the definition of neftegazonosnosti initial and residual oil saturation (and conduct other research);
control and observation, designed to monitor the development of the study of the nature of the promotion of reservoir fluids and alteration of gaznefteservice layer;
reference wells are drilled to study the geological structure of large regions to establish General regularities of occurrence of rocks and to identify opportunities for education in these rocks of oil and gas fields.
Methods of drilling.
Rotary mechanical drilling, in which the destructive force is generated by continuous rotation of rock cutting tool with application of the axial load.
Rotary rotary drilling, wherein the drilling Assembly rotates the machine with the rotator of the rotary type.
Turbine rotary drilling in which the rock cutting tool is rotated by the turbodrill.
Volumetric rotary drilling in which the rock cutting tool rotates helical (volumetric) engine.
The drill rotary drilling in which the rock cutting tool rotated by an electric drill.
Diamond rotary drilling in which the rock is destroyed rock cutting tool, reinforced diamonds.
Carbide rotary drilling in which the rock is destroyed rock cutting tool, reinforced solid alloy.
Shot rotary drilling in which rock is broken by buckshot.
Shock mechanical drilling, in which the destructive force is created by impacts of rock cutting tool.
Shock-rope percussion drilling, in which the reciprocating motion generated by the machine is transmitted Porogaramu the tool rope.
Shock-rod percussion drilling, in which the reciprocating motion generated by the machine is transmitted Porogaramu instrument drill pipes.
The percussion rotary Mechanical drilling, in which the breaking force is created as a result of combined effects of shock and rotation of rock cutting tool.
Hydraulic-Shock rotational drilling in which strikes are reported Porogaramu the tool hidrotermica.