M
ODULE
8 LESSON 3
AIRPLANES OF TODAY
Mike
Kelley
Match these aircraft vocabulary items to the categories
Piston/ commercial / reconnaissance/ turboprop/ bomber /turbofan/ cargo/ business jet/ fighter/ airliner/ supersonic/ subsonic/ hypersonic/ surveillance
AIRPLANES CLASSIFICATION
by engine type |
by purpose (civil aircraft) |
by purpose (military) |
by speed |
|
|
|
|
What are these planes famous for?
|
|
|
|
VIDEO
TOP 10 COMMERCIAL AIRPLANES
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KeWiUVsnjiY
Watch the video and rank the airplanes
|
|
……………… |
|
|
……………… |
|
|
……………… |
|
|
……………… |
|
|
……………… |
|
|
……………… |
|
|
Boeing ……… |
|
|
Airbus …….. & …….. |
|
|
De Havilland … … … …….. |
|
|
Douglas … …-… |
Which of these planes:
|
|
*Watch again and check.
In pairs discuss the following questions:
What is your opinion of this ranking?
Which commercial planes would you add to the list?
If you were to shorten the list to Top 5, which planes would be there?
Find the English equivalents to the following:
Поршневой самолет; реактивный самолет; турбовинтовой двигатель; турбовентиляторный двигатель; сверхзвуковой пассажирский самолет; среднемагистральный самолет; истребитель; бомбардировщик; грузовой самолет; разведывательный самолет; частный самолет.
GRAMMAR
ING or TO?
Some verbs can be followed only by a to infinitive (see Mod. 8 Les. 2 Grammar), some can be followed only by an –ing (see Mod. 7), others can be followed by both.
There is no rule – you have to memorize or look it up in the dictionary which verb is followed by which form.
Verb + to infinitive
AFFORD ENCOURAGE INTEND PROMISE WANT AGREE EXPECT LEARN REFUSE WISH ASK FORCE OFFER TEND WOULD LIKE CHOOSE GET PREPARE TRY DECIDE HOPE PRETEND
E.G. New aircraft technologies promise to reduce the cost of transporting things per ton-mile. E.G. Transatlantic flights tend to fly closer to North Pole.
Verb + - ing
ADMIT DISLIKE FINISH MIND PRACTISE AVOID ENJOY GIVE UP KEEP SUGGEST CONSIDER FEEL LIKE INVOLVE CAN’T HELP
E.G. I enjoy travelling by plane. E.G. He admitted smoking onboard the airplane. E.G. I don’t mind sitting in the aisle seat
If a verb is followed by a preposition, it needs an –ing form of the verb E.G. You can’t learn English without making mistakes.
|
Verb + to infinitive OR –ing
With NO CHANGE in meaning BEGIN, START, CONTINUE
E.G. The airplane began to descend.
E.G. The airplane began descending.
With a CHANGE in meaning FORGET + -ing looks back in the past E.G. She’ll never forget paying $12000 for a Concorde ticket. + to looks into the future E.G. Don’t forget to pay for the tickets. MEAN + -ing for something that has to be done E.G. Getting there on time means flying. + to = want or intend to do something E.G. Humans are not meant to fly. REMEMBER +-ing looks back in the past E.G. I remember checking in online, but I did not receive my boarding pass. + to looks into the future E.G. Remember to check in and print out your boarding pass. STOP + -ing for stopping an activity E.G. The flight attendant stopped serving food when turbulence began. + to stop in order to do something E.G. The flight attendant stopped to ask me how I was feeling. LIKE/ LOVE/ HATE + -ing for situations and repeated actions E.G. I love flying. E.G. Do you like working as a flight attendant? + to for repeated actions E.G. I love to fly. |