Ф. 7.03-18

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION AND SCIENCE OF THE REPUBLIC

OF KAZAKHSTAN

M. Auezov South Kazakhstan State University

Chair «Food engineering and food safety»

Z heleuova Zh.,

CONSPECTUS OF LECTURE

on discipline «Commodity research of processing productions products»

S hymkent, 2014

MINISTRY OF SCIENCE AND EDUCATION OF THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN

M.Auezov South Kazakhstan State University

High School “Textiles and food engineering”

Chair: “Food engineering”

Zheleuova Zh.

CONSPECTUS OF LECTURE

on discipline «Commodity research of processing productions products»

for the students of a specialty 050728-Technology of processing production

The form of training: full time

Symkent – 2014

Lecture 1

Introduction. Purposes and the task of science of commodities.

Classification of food products. History and trend in

development of science of commodities

Plan:

1. Purposes and the task of science of commodities.

Principles of science of commodities.

2. Classification of food products

3. History and trend in development of the science of commodities

Consumer – потребительский possess – обладает

Cost – стоимость the measure – величина

Capable – способность to satisfy – удовлетворять

Availability – пригодность designation – назначение

The environment – внешняя среда preservation – сохранение

Regularity – закономерность mince – грибы

Signs – признак grocery – бакалейный

Vinegar – уксус wurst – колбаса

Bloated – копченый cattle breeding – животноводство

Wholesale – оптовый government – правительство

1. Purposes and the task of science of commodities. Principles of science of commodities

Science of commodities - this is scientific discipline, which studies the consumer properties of goods. For this science the special importance has a study of the consumer value of commodities.

Any goods possess cost and consumer cost. A quantity of socially necessary labor, spent on the production of goods, determines the measure of its cost. The usefulness of goods, the ability to satisfy any need of man, are called consumer cost. The properties of goods, whose totality is capable of satisfying the specific needs of people, are called consumer. These properties are the qualitative characteristic of goods. Consequently, the basic task of science of commodities - study of the quality of goods.

The quality of goods is determined by the totality of the properties, which cause their availability to satisfy the specific needs in accordance with the designation.

The quality of goods depends on chemical composition, energy and biological value, gustatory and aesthetical properties. The quality of goods can change during the storage, the transportation and the realization of the physical, chemical and biochemical processes under the effect of the environment as a result elapsing in them.

The tasks of science of commodities are: the study of the factors of formation and preservation of the quality of goods, the development of the optimum conditions, which facilitate its further increase; study, development and an improvement in the methods of estimation and quality control of goods; the study of classification, regularity of formation and ways of the optimization of assortment of commodity; the study of standards and methods of the rational consumption of products.

Science of commodities as scientific discipline is developed on the basis of physics, chemistry, biochemistry, microbiology and it is most intimately connected with the technology of production, the physiology of nourishment and the economic sciences.

Goods are the main material basis of trade. Therefore, the connection of science of commodities with the economic sciences, which are studied in the commercial educational institutions, makes it possible to correctly organize the demand analysis of population for the goods and the composition of the orders of industry, commodity movement and the calculation of goods, to conduct control of the commodity bundle, the state of commodity reserves on the storages and in the stores, to successfully solve the problems of the satisfaction of the needs of population for the goods of high quality.

2. Classification of food products

The classification of food goods - this is their distribution to the groups or the classes according to the general most characteristic features.

According to the training classification all food goods are subdivided into the following groups: grain flour goods; fruit and vegetables goods and mince; starch products, sugar, honey, confectionery goods; gustatory goods; food fats; milk goods; egg goods; meat goods; fish goods; food concentrates.

Goods in the limits of group depending on raw material, technology of production, formula, quality and other signs on the standard divide into the forms, the varieties, the types.

According to the biological classification food goods divide into the goods of plant and animal origin; cereal crops - to the families, the forms, the varieties, the types; fish - to the families, the kinds, the forms, etc.

According to the commercial classification food goods conditionally are subdivided into the grocery and the gastronomical.

The grocery include flour, to croup, the starch, sugar, macaroni articles, tea and tea beverages, coffee and coffee beverages, salt, yeast(s), vegetable oils, vinegar, spices; to the gastronomical - predominantly ready to use - sausage, meat bloated and boiled products, the most valuable salt fish articles, bloated fish, meat and fish canned foods, cheeses, cow's oil, cream, the condensed milk and other goods.

Entire industrial and agricultural production of on the basis corresponding signs is distributed on the classes, the sub-classes, the groups, the subgroups and see, which code. The classes of food goods are isolated in the dependence on the origin of goods (production of plant growing, cattle breeding), also, on the branches of production. The code designation of production in the classifier has ten signs (numbers).

Selection (totality) of the goods, united according to any sign, is called assortment. Distinguish assortment industrial and commercial. Industrial assortment unites the articles, manufactured in this enterprise (assortment of enterprise), or the articles, manufactured of the industry (assortment of branch) determined by branch. Commercial assortment - this is the nomenclature of the goods, realized through the wholesale and retail network. It is subdivided into the assortment of enterprise (stores, base) and the assortment of commodity group (confectionery, milk and other goods). For the best satisfaction of the demand of population in the retail outlet network is established the assortment minimum of goods - enumeration and the number of designations of goods, required for this commercial enterprise.