Control work 4

Variant 1

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Conflict Management / Конфликтология

This paper will introduce the reader to the concept of conflict and the different approaches to a conflict management. The author will present different types of conflict that are common in most organizational environments and the underlining causes which created them. Additionally, the author will illustrate the differences between constructive and socio-emotional conflict and differentiate between the concept of conflict and the concept of attack. Furthermore, the paper will discuss different styles of conflict management such as: confrontation, collaboration, facilitation, compromising, avoidance and denial.

Conflict, what is it? Many definitions of conflict have been developed over the last decades to describe what the conflict and especially organizational conflict is. One of definition states that conflict is “ an antagonistic interaction in which one party attempts to block the intentions or goals of another”, another definition describes the conflict as “a process in which one party perceives that its interests are being opposed or negatively affected by another party”. In either way the conflict represents the conflicting views on the same subject presented by different parties.

In order to handle successfully any type of conflict he or she must understand the conflict process itself. Generally, the conflict process starts with the sources of conflict that can represent opposing views and values, inadequate resources, unclear rules, or limited communication. Next the process includes the set of perceptions and emotions involving the issue, and the conflict manifestation followed by the conflict outcomes that can be either positive characterized by decisions and cohesiveness or negative characterized by turnover, politics, and stress.

Of course, many different types of conflict can exist in every business environment, and successful manager must learn to differentiate among them. For example, McShane & Von Glinov (2005) recognize the following conflicts: intrarpersonal that can occur within the person or interpersonal that can exist between two or more persons and in business environment they recognize intraorganizational conflict that can exist inside the organization or interorgnizational conflict that can occur among different organizations. At this point important is to accentuate that not every conflict is detrimental to the company morale and business results. In certain situations one may encounter a constructive conflict sometimes known as task-related, this conflict occurs when different perspectives or perceptions are present regarding particular issue, which enables involved parties to keep the focus on the issue instead of people. Opposing to the constructive conflict is the socio-emotional conflict. The socio-emotional conflict arises when the issue becomes personal and emotional. In this situation opposing perspectives become personal attacks and the bias distorts communication processes.