Гласные дифтонги

Звук	Правила
[ ei ]	a в открытом слоге: game [ geim], pale [ peil ] ai в закрытом слоге: pain [ pein ], rail [ reil ] ay (обычно в конце): pray [ prei ], hay [ hei ] ey (редко, но метко) обычно в конце: grey [ grei ], survey [ ´sε:vei ] Примечание: 4. это же буквосочетание иногда даёт звук [ i: ]: key [ ki: ]
[ ai ]	буква i в открытом слоге: fine [ fain ], price [ prais ] ie на конце слова: pie [ pai ], die [ dai ] буква y в открытом слоге: rhyme [ raim ], syce [ sais ] и на конце слова: my [ mai ], cry [ krai ] ye на конце слова: dye [ dai ], rye [ rai ]
[ oi ]	oi (обычно в середине слова) - poison [ ´poizən ], noise [ noiz ] oy (обычно в конце) - boy [ boi ], alloy [ ´æloi ]
[ au ]	o + w: how [ hau ], down [ daun ] - (см. примечание) o + u: round [ raund ], pout [ paut ] Примечание: 1. это же буквосочетание часто даёт звук [ əu ] (см. ниже)
[ əu ]	обычно даёт буква o в открытом слоге: stone [ stəun ], lonely [ ´l əunli ] буквосочетания o + w (обычно в конце слова): blow [ bləu ], crow [ krəu ] - (см. примечание) ou перед l: soul [ səul ], foul [ fəul ] oa+ гласная: coach [ kəut∫ ], toad [ təud ] old (как в открытом слоге): cold [ kəuld ], gold [ gəuld ]. Примечание: 1. слово-исключение: both [ bəuθ ];2.часто даёт звук [ au ] (см. выше)
[ iə ]	ea + r: hear [ hiə ], near [ niə ] - (см. примечание) e + r + e: here [ hiə ] , sere [ siə ] ee + r: deer [ diə ], peer [ piə ] Прим.: 1. если за ним идёт согласная, то возникает звук [ ε: ] - dearth [ dε:θ ]. Искл. - beard [ biəd ]
[ eə ]	a + r + e: dare [ deə ], flare [ fleə ] ai + r: hair [ heə ], fair [ feə ]
[ aiə ]	i + r + e: fire [ faiə ], hire [ haiə ] y + r + e: tyre [ taiə ], pyre [ paiə ]

 

Согласные звуки

Звук	Правила
[∫]	tion [∫ən ]: celebration [ ´seli´brei∫n ], tuition [ tju:´i∫n ] cious [∫əs ]: delicious [ dil´∫əs ], vicious [ ´vi∫əs ] cian [∫ən ]: musician [ mju:´zi∫ən ], politician [ poli´ti∫ən ] и, конечно, буквосочетание sh: sheep [ ∫i:p ], shoot [ ∫u:t ]
[ t∫]	ch: chair [ t∫eə ], child [ t∫aild ] t + ure: creature [ ´kri:t∫ə ], future [ ´fju:t∫ə ]
[ ð ] [ θ ]	Обычно, если буквосочетание th стоит в середине слова (между двумя гласными), то возникает звук [ ð ]: without [ wi´ðaut ] И, если оно стоит в начале или конце слова, то возникает звук [ θ ]: thanks [ θænks ], faith [ feiθ ]
[ ŋ ]	носовой звук возникает в буквосочетании гласная + ng: sing [ siŋ ], hungry [ ´hΛŋgri ], wrong [ wroŋ ], hang [ hæŋ ]
[ j ]	u в открытом слоге: mute [ mju:t ], huge [ hju:d3 ] ew: few [ fju: ], lewd [ lju:d ] если слово начинается на y + гласная: yard [ ja:d ], young [ jΛŋ ]

Aa [ei ] [æ ] [a:] [ə] = [еə]

name at am arm care plate and dad carpet spare

gate cat that garden careful late rap thanks sharp scared table flat land farmer compare face lamp England market square make hand America March parents baseball bat calender part space bad Canada bar eraser carrot salad farm skate camp planet park take bank hamster carton hate sad packet dark lake add sandwich darts case happy badge art place any black game many dragon

ai /ay [ei] au /aw [ɔ:] w(h)+a [wɔ:] w+ar [wɔ:]

rain day autumn draw watch what warm rainy daily August saw was wash warn train play author claw water wall wardrobe wait say because paw want wax war straight May Australia jigsaw swap warrant mail

[ɔ:] [ɔ:] [ a: ] [ a: ] [ a: ] [ a: ] [ a: ]

a+ll a+lk a+sk a+ft a+ss a+st a+th

all talk ask after class last bath ball chalk basket afternoon grass fast path hall walk basketball craft pass past father small glass wall always also already a+n+согл. [a: ] Qu+ar [kwɔ:] a+ir [ə ] = [еə]

answer quarter air chair hair dance quarrel fair pair fairy chance plant

Ee [i:] [e] [з :]= [ə:] [iə ]

He me bell her here She we let’s perfect mere Street seven German Green pencil iceberg Three best serve

Week eleven person Evening spell verse Sweet next Cheese chess

ea [i:] ea+d /th [e] ei/ey [ei] ear/eer [iə]

Each season eat bread grey ear hear Speak clean sea head they near dear Read Easter teacher ready eight year cheer/ Please team jeans already eighty deer engineer health ew ear+согл.[ з :] New,few,view [ju:] learn, earth, early Grew,blew,drew,chewing[u:] 3

Oo [ əʊ ] [ɔ ] [ɔ:] [ɔ:]

Go got sport more Hello from or score Coke dog corner explore Home hobby morning shore Nose prospect tortoise wore Zero forest fork sore Sofa strong sort bored Toe holiday port Telephone doctor

ou/ow в корне ow на конце слов oa oi/oy o+ld

[аʊ] [ əʊ ] [əʊ ] [ɔi ] [əʊ ]

Brown yellow loaf boy old Round window road toy cold

Flower snow coat joy hold House show boat enjoy sold

Ground grow roast oil Town throw boast point Count tomorrow coin Tower voice Mouse noisy Down Cloud ou+r [ɔ:] , но our, hour, sour [аʊə]

Mountain four Thousand your course

oo [u:] , [ ʊ ] oo+ r [ɔ:] ought [ɔ:t] w+or[wə :]

foot room school door bought work

too look cool tooth floor brought word

good book zoo cook thought world worse

O + m /n / v / th [ʌ ]

Come, some, other, front , love , dove, above ,discover, discovery, glove, govern, government, comfortable son, Monday ,mother, lovely, monkey, month, brother

Ii /Yy [ai] [ i ] [з :] = [ə:] [aiə ]

Hi,bye it is, this is, girl fire Invite, his, six, in, bird tyre Like, my, film, hit, sit, dirty Five, type, pig, pink, mix, third Minus, miss, swim,win, thirteen Nine, fly, sing, spring, hill thirty Fine, nice, river, bridge, city, birth I, white, winter, village,fish, birthday Time,wide, cinema, picnic, ship, Rice, kite, visit, interest, pick, Ice,hide, prickle, kitchen, Ride, bike, dinner,window, Life, cycle literature,history i+ ld / nd [ai] i+gh [ai]

Kind right Wild fight Find light Mild night Behind flight

Uu [ju:] [ʌ ] [з :] = [ə:] [juə ]

Super sun,nut, turn pure Blue cut ,cup, surname cure Student bus ,run, purple Music summer, curtain Glue Russian burglar Use lunch Thursday Computer umber Museum hundred Puma puzzle June budgie u+ ll [u] u+sh[u] Pull , bull push, bush

[s] - c - [k] ck [k] tch [tʃ ] ch [ k ] (ce /ci /cy)

face cat cock bench school place cake clock march architect ice coke back kitchen character space cut black match chemistry piece cup packet change technical office cross sticker cheese technology pencil doctor thick chair Christmas city computer chess

centre concert chewing ch [ʃ ]

cinema colour machine bicycle curtain moustache

-sure [ʒə] [s] - S - [z] sh [ʃ ]

pleasure see,sell,sofa, rose,please, she,shop,ship,

measure test,snow,say plays,opens, sharp, show,

treasure salad,seaside Tuesday,Thursday wash,shine,dish

-ture [t∫ə ]

picture, temperature literature, adventure

nk [ŋk ] ng [ŋ ] ph [f] [ θ ] - th - [ð ]

three this ink song, long, phone, phrase,

thin that drink sing, strong, telephone, phase,

thick these drank bring,boxing, photography,

thing those thank morning, evening, biography,

path bathe think chewing,cycling geography,

bath dolphin month birth

dge tion,ssion kn[n]

[g] - g - [dʒ ] [dʒ ] [ʃn] know, knew (ge /gi /gy) knowledge go page edge session knife, knock, green orange hedge discussion knit, knee grey general bridge collection good gentle fridge decoration wr[r] game giraffe budgie constitution write, wrote girl German revolution written geography celebration wrap, wrong gymnasium congratulation

h+o [-] s+u [ʃ ] - sion [ʒn]после гласной gh[-]

hour, honest, sure, sugar vision,television eight, bright,

honour,honesty ensure, insure daughter, high

но: laugh[la:f] enough[inʌf] draughts[dra:fts]

wh + a,e, i, y [ w] wh+o[h] cough [kɔf]

what,which,where, who,whom,whose tough [tʌf]

when, why, white