- •M. M. Yeskendirova environmental problems of inorganic substances technology
- •Yeskendirova m. M. Environmental problems of inorganic substances technology study guide
- •Isbn 9965-902-99-2
- •Table of contents
- •Preface
- •1. The modern condition of ecological situation in the world
- •1.1 Biosphere and ecology
- •1.2 Influence of harmful pollutions on an environment. Control of condition of an atmosphere, a hydrosphere and a ground. Ways of reduction and liquidation of harmful emissions.
- •1.3 Air Pollution. Sources, kinds and scales of environmental pollutions
- •1.4 Main propositions of Concept of ecological safety of the Republic of Kazakhstan on 2004-2015 years
- •Control questions on the topic “The modern condition of ecological situation in the world”
Ф.7.03-18
M. M. Yeskendirova environmental problems of inorganic substances technology
Shymkent, 2016
Ministry of Education and Science of the Republic of Kazakhstan
M. Auezov South-Kazakhstan State University
Yeskendirova m. M. Environmental problems of inorganic substances technology study guide
for students of speciality 5В072000 – “Chemical Technology of Inorganic Substances”
Shymkent, 2016
UDK 658.567.1 : 574 (075.8)
BBK 28.08.
Yeskendirova M. M. Environmental problems of inorganic substances technology/Study guide. – Shymkent, M. Auezov SKSU, 2016. – 90 p.
ISBN 9965-902-99-2
The study guide is intended for higher education students of speciality 5B072000 – “Chemical technology of inorganic substances” studying a discipline “Environmental problems of inorganic substances technology” in English. The study guide can be used for preparation to lectures and laboratory classes, as well as for independent work, course and degree student works.
Reviewers:
Sermanizov S.S. – a doctor of technical sciences, a professor of the Department “Mechanics” of AIU;
Azhimetova A.B. – a candidate of technical sciences, an associate professor of the department of “Computer engineering, standardization and certification” of IHTU;
Seitmagzimova G.M. – a candidate of technical sciences, a head of the department of “Chemical technology of inorganic substances” of M/Auezov SKSU
The study guide is recommended for print by Methodical Council of M. Auezov South-Kazakhstan State University, protocol # _____ ___________20_____ y.
Isbn 9965-902-99-2
© M. Auezov South-Kazakhstan State University
Table of contents
PREFACE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
7 |
1. The modern condition of ecological situation in the world. . . . . . . . . . . . |
8 |
1.1 Biosphere and ecology. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
8 |
1.2 Influence of harmful pollutions on an environment. Control of condition of an atmosphere, a hydrosphere and a ground. Ways of reduction and liquidation of harmful emissions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1.3 Air pollution. Sources, kinds and scales of environmental pollutions. . . |
9 11 |
1.4 Main propositions of Concept of ecological safety of the Republic of Kazakhstan on 2004-2015 years. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Control questions on the topic “The modern condition of ecological situation in the world”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2. Methods of industrial gases cleaning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1 Methods of reduction of concentration of the particulate pollutants in industrial gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
13
15 17
17 |
2.1.1 Dry dust removal equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
18 |
2.1.2 Wet dust removal equipment. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.1.3 Filtering with the help of fibrous filters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2 Methods of removal of gaseous component. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
27 30 36 |
2.2.1 Absorption installations. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
36 |
2.2.2 Adsorption clearing of gases. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.2.3 Burning. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Control questions on the topic “Methods of industrial gases cleaning”. . . . . 3. Sewage of industrial enterprises. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.1. Natural water. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.2. Structure and properties of sewage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.3. Classification of sewage. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.4. Classification of methods of sewage clearing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.5. The main principles of the choice of clearing circuits. Kinds of clearing constructions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.6. Ways of reduction of quantity and degree of pollution of sewage. . . . . . 3.7. Methods of sewage destruction (a burial place, pumping in chinks, pumping in sea depths, thermal destruction). Firm waste products of industrial enterprises and ways of their processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7.1. Dumps and sludge storages. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7.2. Pumping of waste products in deep horizons. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3.7.3. Thermal methods of waste disposal. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
42 46 46 48 48 49 51 52
52 54
55 55 56 56 |
Control questions on the topic “Sewage of industrial enterprises”. . . . . . . . . 4. Cleaning, neutralization and reclamation of waste products of technology of inorganic substances. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
58
59 |
4.1. Environmental problems of soda ash production. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
59 |
Control questions on the topic “Environmental problems of soda ash production”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
62 |
4.2. Ways of processing of sewage and industrial wastes by ammoniac saltpeter manufacture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
62 |
Control questions on the topic “Ways of processing of sewage and industrial wastes by ammoniac saltpeter manufacture”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
64 |
4.3. Waste products of caustic soda manufacture and methods of their processing. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
64 |
Control questions on the topic “Waste products of caustic soda manufacture and methods of their processing”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
68 |
4.4. Waste products of phosphates acid processing. Removal of fluorine compounds. Sewage processing. Processing of firm waste products (phosphogypsum, limy sludge). . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
68 |
Control questions on the topic “Waste products of phosphates acid processing”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
74 |
4.5. Waste products of manufacture of sulphuric acid. Methods of clearing, processing and neutralization of firm waste products, sulphurous anhydride and sewage of manufacture. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
74 |
Control questions on the topic “Waste products of manufacture of sulphuric acid. Methods of clearing, processing and neutralization of firm waste products, sulphurous anhydride and sewage of manufacture”. . . . . . . . . . . . |
81 |
4.6. Waste products of phosphorus production. The characteristic of departing gases, dust, sludge and slag. Circuits of their clearing, neutralization and recycling. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Control questions on the topic “Waste products of phosphorus production. The characteristic of departing gases, dust, sludge and slag. Circuits of their clearing, neutralization and recycling”. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . |
82
86 |
LITERATURE. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
|
87 |