5 Вариант

The Sources of Economic Health

In 1776, new technologies were being invented and applied to the manufacture of cotton and wool, iron, transportation and agriculture in what came to be called the “Industrial Revolution”.

Adam Smith was keenly interested in these events. He wanted to understand the sources of economic wealth, and he brought his acute powers of observation and abstraction to bear this question.

His answer was:

- The division of labour

- Free domestic and international markets

Smith identified the division of labour as a source of “the greatest improvement in the productive powers of labour”. The division of labour became even more productive when applied to creating new technologies.

Scientists and engineers, trained in extremely narrow fields, became specialists at inventing. Their powerful skills speeded the operations faster, and more accurately than people.

But, said Smith, the fruits of the division of labour are limited by the extent of the market. To make the market as large as possible, there must be no impediments to free trade both within a country and among countries.

Smith argued that when each person makes the best possible economic choice based on self-interest, that choice leads as if by an invisible hand to the best outcome for society as a whole.

Грамматические упражнения

1. Образуйте форму множественного числа у следующих существительных.

a loaf a biscuit

a country a wife

a mouse a flat

2. Вставьте вместо пропусков местоимения. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. (Those/this) is wonderful! I like a hot bath after work!

2. I met Paul today and (they/we) have lunch together.

3. These cups belong to us. These are (my/our) cups.

4. Alan cooked (itself/himself) a snack when he got home.

3. Переведите на английский язык следующие предложения, используя в качестве сказуемого формы глаголов “to be”, “to have”

1. Она из Америки, а ты?

2. Мне 23 года.

3. У нас не будет свободного времени на это.

4. У меня не было денег, чтобы купить шоколад.

4. Поставьте глаголы в скобках в форму прошедшего простого времени (Past Simple) в следующих предложениях. Переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. Mark (to stop) smoking list month.

2. Where … you (to live) few years ago?

3. I (not to understand) his words.

4. I (to take) a trip around Europe by train at that time.

5. Поставьте следующие предложения в отрицательную и вопросительную формы. Подчеркните подлежащее и сказуемое, определите время сказуемого, переведите предложения на русский язык.

1. I looked out of the window and saw her.

2. It is very snow today.

3. She will meet me at the airport on Monday.

6. Переведите предложения на английский язык, сказуемые которых употреблены в категории Continuous (Present-Past-Future Continuous).

1. Солнце яркое и я загараю.

2. Том консультировался со специалистом по этому вопросу в тот момент.

3. Ты будешь работать весь вечер?

7. Задайте 4 типа вопроса к следующим предложениям. Переведите исходные предложения на русский язык.

1. She loved him so much!

2. He lives in France now.

3. I shall visit my favourite museum when being in London.

8. Переведите текст контрольной работы на русский язык письменно.