Text 7 charles coulomb

CHARLES COULOMB (1736–1806), a member of the Paris Academy of Sciences, an outstanding French physicist in the period from 1785 to 1789 stated the law of electrostatic and magnetic interaction. His work in this field laid foundation for the future theoretic investigations in the electrostatics and magnetstatics.

Coulomb’s law is one of the principal laws of electrostatics. It established a relationship between the force of interaction of two static electric charges, their quantities, and the distance between them. According to Coulomb’s law the absolute value of the force of repulsion of two like charges or the force of attraction between two unlike charges el and e2, which size is much less than the distance between them, is inversely proportional to the square of the distance between them. He also stated the laws of rotation, dry friction, laws of interaction between magnetic poles. All these laws were named in honor of Ch. Coulomb.

Text 8 andre marie ampere

ANDRE MARIE AMPERE (1775–1836) was an outstanding physicist and mathematician of French origin. He is one of the founders of modern electrodynamics. He was born in aristocratic family in Lyon. By the age of 14 he has read all the 20 volumes of “The Encyclopedia” by Diderot and D’Alambert. His scientific interests were very diverse.

In 1801 Ampere headed the Chair of Physics in Burge, in 1805 he became a teacher of physics at the Polytechnical School in Paris. Since 1814 he was elected Member of The Institute, which later transformed into the French Academy of Sciences. After 1824 he occupied the post of professor at the Ecole Normale in Paris.

Ampere’s studies on the effects of the electric current flow on the magnetic needle were his greatest contribution to physics. In 1820 in the report to the Paris Academy, he made the announcement of the so-called “Ampere Rule”, which is since used to define the deflection of the needle affected by the electric current. This led him to the discovery of interactions between electric currents. The fundamental laws of this interaction got his name.

Text 9 james clerc maxwell

JAMES CLERC MAXWELL, a British physicist, was born in 1831. In 1847–50, he studied at the Edinborough University and later in Cambridge. On graduating from the Cambridge University, he was offered a post of a teacher there. In 1860 he headed the Chair of Physics in the King’s College in London. In 1871 he went back to Cambridge where he headed a newly-organized laboratory named in honor of H. Cavendish.

His scientific interests lay in the field of electro-magnetism, molecular physics, optics, mechanics, and other. Maxwell published his first scientific paper when he was only 15. He founded the theory of electro-magnetic field, the electromagnetic theory of light. He is credited with the studies of the Saturnus rings. He described all known facts of electrodynamics by means of system of equations, known as Maxwell’s equations of electrodynamics.

Text 10 World Brightest Electric Lamps

The world’s brightest lamp, able to light an area of 250 acres was produced by the Moscow Electric Lamp Works not long ago. It was designed by Victor Vasiliyev.

The lamp, which is named after the bright star Sirius is a three – phase 200 – kilowatt discharge lamp. The working part of the lamp is a double walled quartz tube which is 10 inches in diameter and about 40 inches long. The lamp is started by a special high voltage flash and cooled by water circulating between the inner and outer tubes.

One of these lamps is now installed nearly 200 feet above ground level in the engineering pavilion of the Industrial Exhibition Moscow. The Sirius lamp can be particularly useful on big construction sites.