- •От автора
- •Part I parts of a tree Unit 1 The functional parts of a tree
- •1.1 Active vocabulary:
- •1.2 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. Text 1 Tree structure
- •1.8 Match the terms with their definitions:
- •1.9 Find sentences from the text1 with Participles and translate them.
- •1.10 Read the text 2 and title it. Text 2
- •1.11 Topic for discussion.
- •U nit 2 The crown
- •2.1 Active vocabulary:
- •2.2 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. Text 1 The crown and leaf structure
- •2.3 Find the answers to the following questions in the text 1:
- •2.6 Describe the leaves (figure 2.6).
- •2.7 Match the terms with their definitions:
- •2.8 Skim the text 2. Single out the key sentences and write down them. Text 2 Tree shapes
- •2.9 Topic for discussion.
- •It is interesting to know
- •Unit 3 The crown parts
- •3.1 Active vocabulary:
- •3.2 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary.
- •The crown parts and functions
- •A. Seeds
- •B. Branches, twigs and buds
- •3.3 Find the answers to the following questions in the text 1:
- •3.5 Divide the words into 3 groups according their meanings:
- •3.6. Read and translate the text 2, paying attention to the bold words. Text 2 Kapok tree
- •3.7 Match the words with their definitions:
- •3.8 Read the text 1 again and say if the statements are false or true. Correct the false ones.
- •3.9 Skim the text 3 and tell what it is about. Text 3 Leaves and Needles
- •It is interesting to know
- •Unit 4 Roots
- •4.1 Active vocabulary:
- •4.2 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. Text 1 Root structure
- •4.3 Find the answers to the following questions in the text 1:
- •4.4 Match the words with their definitions:
- •Text 2 Mangrove trees
- •4.10 Topic for discussion.
- •Unit 5 The trunk
- •5.1 Active vocabulary:
- •Text 1 The trunk structure and functions
- •5.3Find the answers to the following questions in the text 1:
- •5.5 Find the sentences with the ing-forms of the verbs in the text 2 and explain their using.
- •5.6 Choose the correct answer for the questions:
- •5.7 Choose the correct word.
- •5.8 Skim the texts 3and 4. Title them. Write down an annotation of the texts. Text 3
- •4.10 Topic for discussion.
- •It is interesting to know Aspen tree trunk
- •Part 2 tree Unit 1 Tree classification
- •1.2 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. T Figure 1.1 Sugar Maple ext 1 Tree types
- •1.3 Find the answers to the following questions in the text 1:
- •1.4 Match the terms with their definitions:
- •1.5 Read the text 1 again and say if the statements are false or true. Correct the false ones.
- •1.6 Divide the text 1 into four parts and name them.
- •1.7 Skim the texts 2and 3. Write down an annotation of the texts. Text 2 How to Study Trees
- •Text 3 Shrubs and trees
- •It is interesting to know Popular poplars
- •Interesting facts about trees
- •4.10 Topic for discussion.
- •Unit 2 How trees live and grow
- •2.1 Active vocabulary
- •2.2 Read and translate the text1 using a dictionary. Text 1 How Trees Live
- •Text 2 a. How Does a Tree Grow?
- •Text 3 Dendrochronology
- •2.8 Topic for discussion.
- •Unit 3 Trees
- •3.2 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. A. Cypress
- •B. Sugar Maple
- •C. Silver Fir
- •D. English Oak
- •E. Baobab
- •F. Norway spruce
- •G. Teak
- •H. Lodgepole pine
- •3.5 Make up summary chart of some trees (use the texts a-h).
- •3.6 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. Text 1 Strange Kinds of Trees
- •3.7 Topics for discussion.
- •It is interesting to know
- •Part III forest Unit 1 What a forest is?
- •1.2 Read and translate the text using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. Text 1 Forest classification
- •1.3 Find the answers to the following questions in the text 1:
- •1.4 Divide the text into the main paragraphs and name each of them.
- •1.5 Complete the definitions with the following words and word-combinations: steppe, tropical rainforests, field, savanna, boreal forest, tundra. What is it?
- •1.6 Compare coniferous and deciduous forests, according to the plan. Use the information given below.
- •Temperate Deciduous Forest
- •Description of temperate deciduous forests
- •C oniferous Forest d Figure 1.4 Coniferous forest (Beaverlode, Albergta, Canada) escription of coniferous forests
- •Unit 2 Forests
- •2.1. Read the texts with the help of a dictionary. A. Forests of Russia
- •B. Britain’s forests
- •C. Forests of the usa
- •D. Forests of Canada
- •E. Australian forests
- •F. Forests of China
- •2.2 Make up summary chart of forests in different countries (use the texts a-f).
- •2.4 Skim the text 1. Write down an annotation of the text. Title the text. Text 1
- •2.5 Topic for discussion.
- •Unit 3 Rainforests Text1 Tropical rainforests
- •3.1 Read and translate the text 1 using a dictionary.
- •11.2 Find the answers to the following questions in the text 1:
- •11.4 Divide the text into the main paragraphs and name each of them.
- •11.5 Read the text 1 again and say if the statements are false or true. Correct the false ones.
- •11.6 Skim the text 2. Title it. Write down an annotation of the text. Text 2
- •11.7 Topic for discussion.
- •1.1 Read and translate the text 1 using a dictionary.
- •1.3 Make up the plan of the text 1, putting the names of the parts according to the text 1:
- •1.4 Write out from the text all word-combinations with the word «forest»and translate them into Russian. Consult a dictionary if necessary.
- •1.6 Skim the text 2 (a, b). Write down an annotation of the texts. Text 2 a. Forest Service in The usa
- •B. Forestry in the uk
- •1.7 Read and translate the text. Professional foresters
- •1.8 Speak on
- •Unit 2 Protecting the forest
- •2.1 Read and translate the text1 using a dictionary.
- •Forest problems
- •Insect and Disease Problems
- •The Control of Fire
- •Text 2 Trees in danger
- •2.8 Study figure 2.4 and tell about Bark beetle life cycle.
- •2.9 Read the text 3 without a dictionary. Text 3
- •2.10 Discuss the information from the text 3. Unit 3 Forest Products
- •3.2 Read and translate the text 1 using the active vocabulary and a dictionary. Text 1 f Figure 3.1 a wall lamp made partially from plywood orest Products
- •3.3 Answer the following questions:
- •3.4 Make up the plan of the text1, putting the names of the parts according to the text 1:
- •3.5 Write out from the text all words and word – combinations with the word “wood” and translate them into Russian. Consult a dictionary if necessary.
- •3.7 Read and translate the text using a dictionary, paying attention to the bold words Title the text.
- •3.8 Read the text 2 using a dictionary. Text 2 a. Wood for craftsmen
- •3.9 Skim the text 3. Write down an annotation of the text. Text3 Wood Production
- •3.10 Topic for discussion.
- •Part V texts for additional reading
- •1 Tree parts and how they «work»
- •2 The buds
- •3 Photosynthesis
- •4 The root system
- •5 Hardwood Forests
- •6 Softwood Forests
- •7 Mangrove Forests
- •8 Improving the Forest
- •9 Sap flow in desert trees
- •10 Birch
- •11 Kapok Tree
- •12 Common Lime
- •14 Temperate forest
- •15 Layers of the Rainforest
- •16 Urban Tree Decline
- •Figure 16.1 Maple declining from paving
- •17 Forest fires a Positive Effects of Forest Fires
- •B Negative Effects of Forest Fires
- •18 Soil and Forests of Russia
- •19 The Russian boreal forests
- •20 Larch Forest in Krasnoyarsk
- •21 Bashkortostan protected nature areas
- •Celtic Astrological Signs
- •What are different woods used for?
- •English-Russian vocabulary of the main Forestry Terms
- •29. Farmsteads
- •85. Unforested lands
- •Units of meazurement
- •Библиографический список
- •Contents
1.8 Match the terms with their definitions:
Crown |
the building blocks of life. All living things (organisms) are made of them |
Trunk |
a small branch on a tree or shrub that is connected to a larger branch |
Sap |
an area of non-specialized cells that can develop into any type of tissue. It produces new tissue as parallel layers of cells that increase the diameter of the tree |
Bark |
food-conducting tissue of tree just outside of cambium |
Xylem |
the tough outer covering of trunks or stems of trees |
Twig |
the main, central, mostly straight part of a tree or shrub, which the branches grow from |
Cambium |
liquid from a plant |
Cell |
the top part of a plant or tree, where most of the leaves, flowers, and fruits grow |
1.9 Find sentences from the text1 with Participles and translate them.
1.10 Read the text 2 and title it. Text 2
Trees are perhaps the largest plants you are acquainted with. They are woody plants, and therefore are firm or hard. They also live longer than most other plants.
Different kinds of trees differ a great deal from each other. The trunk of some kinds is straight with many side branches, as the pine; the trunks of other kinds of trees divide into several divisions, as the oak. Some kinds of trees branch at a wide angle, and some at a narrow angle. The size, shape, arrangement and colour of the leaves are different on different kinds of trees. The flowers of some trees are large and showy, while the flowers of other trees are so small that many people never see them and believe that these trees do not produce flowers. Some trees are deciduous, that is, they drop their leaves in the fall, and some are evergreen. The fruit is different on different kinds of trees.
1.11 Topic for discussion.
The role of the tree major parts in it’s life.
U nit 2 The crown
2.1 Active vocabulary:
alternate |
очередной |
blossom |
цветение, цвет |
blade |
листовая пластина |
canopy |
полог (насаждения) |
compound |
сложный |
doubly-compound |
двойной сложный |
foliage |
листва |
flower |
цветок |
fruit |
плод |
lateral |
боковой |
leaflet |
листочек сложного листа |
leafage |
листва, крона |
opposite |
супротивный |
palmate |
лапчатый |
pinnate |
перистый |
a petiole |
черешок (листа) |
shape |
форма |
seed |
семя |
terminal bud |
верхушечная почка |
tip |
верхушка |